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机械分离回收方法处理电子废弃物探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前,电子废弃物的资源化利用正成为1个全球性的紧迫问题。针对电子废弃物增长较快,对环境产生严重污染,对人们的生产生活及身体健康产生较大影响的现状,从电子废弃物的增长性、危害性、潜在价值等方面,阐述了电子废弃物的主要特点;从电子废弃物的拆解、破碎、分选等方面,阐述了电子废弃物机械回收利用的一些方法。指出电子废弃物的机械分离回收与其他回收方法相比,污染小、效率高、方法简单、成本低、容易规模化。介绍了国内外电子废弃物机械处理的研究现状及在工业上的应用与发展,可为国内在这方面的应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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电子产品数量及更新速度的提高,导致电子废弃物产生量的增长。电子废弃物中既含有有害成分,又含有大量可回收利用的有价值成分。在分析电子废弃物性质的基础上,阐述了电子废弃物的回收方法与过程。机械物理过程是根据电子废弃物的性质提出的一种回收有价值材料的过程。机械物理回收过程如筛选、形状分选、磁力分选和涡流分选已经在回收工业中被广泛使用。 相似文献
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电子废物是固体废物环境管理的热点问题,而废线路板是电子废物的研究核心.废线路板是由铜箔、树脂和增强材料层压而成的复合材料,以破碎和分选过程相组合的机械物理方法是其资源化回收处理的主流技术,就如何提高破碎效果已成为机械物理技术发展面临的难题.研究提出了加热改性预处理的技术方法,用于废线路板结构物理改性和微观破坏,以提高破碎解离效率,其可实现金属与非金属的高度解离.基于改性处理技术,本文还分别从微观和宏观破坏力学角度,探究了加热改性处理机制.同时,结合ANSYS有限元热应力模型,对改性作用进行了理论分析. 相似文献
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解决中国电子废弃物问题,一是控制电子废弃物进入非正式循环利用者手中;二是把非正式循环利用系统纳入良好的电子废弃物管理系统,使之成为更有效和对环境友好的系统。因此,如何把千家万户废弃的电子废弃物有效收集起来,是关系到电子废弃物管理和循环利用的重要环节。在我国建立良好的电子废弃物收集体系,应以市场经济和目前我国“城乡二元经济”为基础,建立具有收集主体多元化、收集方式多样化,收集途径多渠道等特点的电子废弃物收集体系。 相似文献
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废弃电路板湿法破碎与分选回收金属研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
为了有效破碎废弃印刷电路板,解决冲击破碎过程中气味和粉尘的二次污染问题,采用以水为介质的湿法冲击式破碎机对废弃电路板进行破碎实验研究。破碎后废弃电路板颗粒的粒度分布是以-1+0.5mm和-0.074mm粒度区间的双峰为特征的。根据电路板金属和非金属选择性分布的特性,建立了电路板破碎产物粒度分布的双峰分布函数,应用Origin7.0软件对破碎产物的双峰分布函数进行非线性拟合,相关系数R2均大于0.999,且残差E值较小。采用变径水介质分选床对破碎至-1mm粒级的废弃电路板物料进行了金属回收的实验研究,结果表明,在水流量5.5m3/h,给料速率250g/min,倾斜度为35°条件下,可获得93.92%的综合效率和93.73%的回收率。论文提出了废弃电路板"湿法冲击破碎+分级+变径分选"回收金属的创新性工艺。 相似文献
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以东莞某花园小区为垃圾分类试点,试点采用简易的“干湿”分类法,以分出厨余垃圾为主要目的,通过实行实户制和奖惩制,促进垃圾分类的有序开展。研究表明:原始垃圾湿基低位热值5083.16kJ/kg,试点6个月以来,参与垃圾分类住户分类合格率为70%,厨余垃圾平均分出率达63.94%。 相似文献
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提出了生活垃圾全程分类模式。通过试点,着重论述与该模式相对应的工作内容和方法,对城市生活垃圾的减量化、资源化、无害化推进具有指导意义。 相似文献
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针对沈阳市主要工业行业的40多种重点固体废物,开展了生物急性毒性和生物遗传毒性的初筛鉴别和分类评价.急性毒性鉴别将小白鼠法与发光细菌法相结合,进行毒性等级划分.遗传毒性采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术进行毒性筛选和等级划分.最后,综合各毒性鉴别结果进行工业固体废物生物毒性的分类评价. 相似文献
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从危险废物的涵义出发,指出了危险废物的特性和分类,分析了中国工业危险废物的产生和处置现状,工业危险废物对水体、大气、土壤和人体健康的危害.从工业企业、经营单位和环保部门三个层面,指出了工业企业危废业务薄弱和管理不规范,危险废物经营单位处置能力不足和结构不合理以及危险废物环境监管能力不足的三大问题,提出了解决好危险废物的出路问题、抓好重点种类危废管理和深化重点企业规范化管理的三项对策建议,做出了必须强化危险废物规范化管理的结论. 相似文献
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阐述了钢铁联合企业固体废物的分类和来源,以柳钢生产实践为例,分析高炉煤气除尘灰、转炉除尘污泥等固体废物的化学成分,探讨冶金固体废物处理方式和综合利用途径,对钢铁企业固体废物综合利用发展方向提出建议。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2008,16(3):343-349
The objective of this study was to analyse one of the goals of the latest National Waste Plan of Finland: the relative reduction of hazardous waste (HW) generation by 15% over the period 1992 to 2005.Official statistics and a national database of the annual reports of HW generators were used as one basis for this study. A case study was focused on a selection of HW classes that were considered to be typical to the metal workshop industry. These HW classes were combined to form functional HW groups for the purpose of forming time series. Trends at the company level were studied by performing interviews and by studying the environmental permit documents of about 50 companies.The total amount of HW reported in Finland increased by 133% over the studied period. Meanwhile the GDP of Finland grew by 74%. This means that thus far no de-coupling of HW generation with economic growth can be verified. However, several changes in the definition and classification of HW and changes in the statistical methods make the figures for the trend analysis unreliable.The waste groups in the metals sector that increased in quantity were: metal finishing wastes such as pickling acids, wastes from painting and lacquering, oily wastes and – more modestly – HW containing cyanide or heavy metals. HW from machining oils and emulsions did not increased significantly and finally, hazardous foundry wastes and HW from adhesives and sealants decreased. The number of registered HW producers has grown strongly, even doubled, in several waste groups, which may explain most of the growth. In addition, the changes in the HW classification apply also to these waste groups. The study of some exceptional anomalies in the data revealed significant coding errors in the waste information database.Interviews of personnel from selected companies from the metals sector indicated that all of them had been taking action to minimize wastes, including HW. However in the national or waste group specific data, this trend towards cleaner production was overshadowed by changes in classification, statistical errors, increased production, improvements in enforcement and also conflicting technical trends, such as increased HW output from wastewater treatment or air pollution control systems.The waste monitoring and reporting system in the industry should be improved to provide data about the specific generation of wastes from specific industrial processes. Such data could then be used in describing the BAT for these processes, as pointed out earlier by other experts.The authors suggest that quantitative HW prevention targets would not be effective in the forthcoming National Waste Plan for Finland and that HW minimization goals should mainly be promoted via sustainable chemicals policy, integrated pollution control and integrated product policy. The goal of minimizing HW generation is not feasible as an independent policy target. 相似文献
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应用双室堆沤肥技术,以弥苴河口湿地植物残体、湿地底泥和当地养殖业废物制成双室堆沤肥,按不同配比设计5种施肥处理方案进行还田试验。对比研究施肥前后的蔬菜产量、蔬菜品质、土壤肥力以及土壤根际微生物,发现:方案A[50%~60%植物残体(收割物)+40%~50%养殖业废物+微生物菌剂(3 kg/t),活性液体肥作追肥,农药同习惯施肥]对增加蔬菜产量、提高蔬菜品质、增加土壤肥力和改善土壤微生态环境效果最好。在实际应用中也可适当增加1 0%~20%的湿地底泥,相应减少养殖业废物量。 相似文献