模糊综合评价法在鄱阳湖水质评价中的应用

应用模糊综合评价法对鄱阳湖各重要断面的水质进行了综合评价。根据鄱阳湖10个重要断面的水质特点，确定了5个指标（DO，CODMn，NH3-N，N，P）作为评价因子，建立评价矩阵，计算出影响因子的权重，最后评价出水质级别。结果发现，鄱阳湖10个断面中，6个断面水质达Ⅱ级以上，2个为Ⅳ级，2个为V级。鄱阳湖的水质总体上还比较好，但不能过于乐观，值得警惕。通过鄱阳湖水质评价表明，模糊综合评价法由于考虑到了水质分级界限的模糊性和污染因素的权重，能够比较客观地反映水体的水质现状，且操作简单、实用性强，是1种较为科学而有效的水质定量评价方法。     

海水水质评价的物元分析法

为了探索物元分析方法用于海水水质综合评价的可能性，通过计算海不水质对各评论评价等级的综合关联度，进行海水水质综合评价。用物元分析法对５个监测站位的海水水质进行评价，结果表明它用于海水水质综合评价是可行的。     

象山港赤潮监控区水质状况的动态变化

根据2002年4～9月份象山港赤潮监控区水质监测基础资料，建立表、底层DO、COD、DIN、DIP以及水质指数(A)和富营养化状态指数(E)时间序列，运用变异系数和相关分析法，探讨了象山港赤潮监控区在赤潮多发期水质状况的动态变化特征。分析结果表明：在赤潮多发期，监控区水质有机污染程度和富营养化状态较严重，明显呈低P高N状态；各环境参数的动态变化存在着明显差异；各环境参数对水质有机污染程度和富营养化状态的贡献也存在显著差异，且赤潮监控区水质富营养化指数与水质指数之间呈显著的正相关关系。     

标识指数法在河流水质评价中的应用

采用一种全新的水质标识指数法对苏州河支流之一的彭越浦河在1993-2003年间的水质进行了综合分析。探讨了水质标识指数法在河流水质评价中的应用方法，优缺点。指出与综合指数评价法的应用相比较，水质标识指数法反映的河流水质信息更多、更客观。值得进一步推广。     

盘锦市有机食品基地水质状况分析

通过对盘锦市有机食品基地进行监测，结果表明：水稻全生长期灌溉水质均符合标准，以氟化物、硫酸盐、氯化物为首要污染物，稻田水质好于上水线水质，成熟期水质好于其它生长期。     

抚仙湖水质现状,趋势及其综合整治对策

对１２年来主要污染物发展趋势的分析和湖面水质变化预测表明，持胡水质综合类别为Ⅰ类水，为贫营养型湖泊，但在一些旅游景点，水质污染发展很快，水质类别已达Ⅲ－Ⅳ类，有机污染呈上升趋势，水质具有恶性化趋势，应引起高度重视。     

东山县红旗水质恶化原因及防治对策

在东山且自业水水质出现异常后，通过调查自来水厂和饮用水源和水质，发现原因在于饮用水源水质恶化。该文提出控制污染改善水质的对策措施，并取得自来水及其水源的水质均较快好转的良好效果。     

水资源与水质科学技术

水资源与水质科学技术水资源的短缺与污染已成为我国当前经济与生活持续发展提高中的重大问题．水量和水质是此难题中相互关联的两个方面，水质污染会减少有效水量，水质转化又可以维护和增加可用水量，在水量为自然条件所限定而难以扩大时，水质就成为寻求水资源的重要途...     

水库水质富营养化趋势分析

在 库的水质及营养盐多年来的变化趋势进行分析后认为，目前有些水库的水质污染逐年加重，水质富营养化加刷，影响水库发挥应有的功能；通过对水质富营养化的原因进行了分析，为以后的水库水质富化的防治工作提供科学依据。     

福州市自来水水质卫生现状分析

自来水的水质状况、直接影响市民的身体健康。该文通过对１９９６年福州市自来水水质监测分析，提出了控制水质污染，改善水质质量的措施。     

Application of a hybrid gravity-driven membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation (MDOF) process for wastewater reclamation and membrane fouling mitigation

This study proposed a novel membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation integrated(MDOF) process and tested it at pilot scale. Membrane filtration in the MDOF process was operated in gravity-driven mode, and required no backwashing, flushing, or chemical cleaning. Because ozone was added in the MDOF process, ozonation, coagulation, and membrane filtration could occur in a single reactor. Moreover, in situ ozonation occurred in the MDOF process, which differs from the conventional pre-ozonation membrane filtration process. Significant enhancement of turbidity removal was further achieved through the addition of membrane filtration. Membrane fouling was mitigated in the MDOF process compared to the MDAF process. In situ ozonation in the MDOF process decreased the fluorescence intensity and transformed the high MW dissolved organics into small MW compounds. For the fouling layer, the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) contents and cake layer morphology were analyzed. The results indicated that the contents of EPS decreased. Furthermore, a thinner and more loosely structured cake layer formed in the MDOF process. Because coagulation and ozonation occurred simultaneously in a single reactor, the generation of hydroxyl radicals was enhanced through the catalytic effect of Al-based coagulants on ozone decomposition, which further alleviated membrane fouling in the MDOF process.     

微污染原水处理的吸附和沉淀以及预涂过滤一体化技术

集成膨润土吸附与硅藻土预涂膜过滤技术为一体处理微污染源水,同时在内部引入沉淀单元,在单一设备中实现了膨润土吸附、沉淀、过滤三位一体的目的.研究结果表明,吸附-沉淀-分离一体化技术有效地延缓了硅藻土预涂膜过滤时水头损失的上升速度,和原有的吸附预涂膜分离一体化技术相比,有效延长了运行周期,同时,微污染源水有机污染物的去除效果得到显著提高,表明该技术对于微污染源水的处理具有良好的应用前景.     

Transfer and transport of aluminum in filtration unit

Aluminum salt coagulants were used prevalently in various water works.In this article,the effects of filtration on residual aluminum concentration and species distribution were researched by determining the concentration of diiferent aluminum species before and after single layer filter,double layer filter,and membrane filtration units.In the research,size exclusion chromatography(SEC)was used to separate colloidal and soluble aluminum,ion exchange chromatography(IEC)was used to separate organic and inorganic aluminum, and inductivity coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was used to determine the aluminum concentration.The results showed that the rapid filtration process had the ability of removing residual aluminum from coagulant effluent water,and that double layer filtration was more effective in residual aluminum removal than single layer filtration,while nano filtration was more effective than micro filtration.It was found that when the residual aluminum concentration was below 1mg/L in sediment effluent,the residual aluminum concentration in treated water was above 0.2 mg/L.The direct rapid filtration process mainly removed the suspended aluminum.The removal of soluble and colloidal aluminum was always less than 10% and the natural small particles that adsorbed the amount of soluble or small particles aluminum on their surface were difficult to be removed in this process.Micro filtration and nano filtration were good technologies for removing aluminum;the residual aluminum concentration in the effluent was less than 0.05 mg/L.     

两点短时游离氯后转氯胺的顺序氯化消毒工艺研究

基于顺序氯化消毒工艺的原理,采用两点短时游离氯后转氯胺的两点顺序氯化消毒工艺,即在过滤和清水池前的两点分别加氯,并在清水池加氯后立即加氨转化为氯胺消毒的工艺,该工艺在常规处理工艺的给水厂进行了消毒试验.结果表明,加氯点的适当提前,不仅有利于控制消毒副产物的生成量,而且有效抑制了滤池中的生物膜滋生.两点顺序氯化消毒工艺中生成的卤代消毒副产物比相同条件下一次性加入等量的氯消毒剂的消毒方法产生的三卤甲烷(THMs)平均减少了51.6％,卤乙酸(HAAs)平均减少了46.7％.细菌学指标HPC的结果也显示出了该工艺在保障水质的微生物安全方面的优势.     

污水深度处理中3种过滤法的技术性能研究

以城市污水回用为目的，研究了污水深度处理中的过滤技术，结果陶瓷－石英砂双层滤料的滤柱，在滤速为５．２ｍ／ｈ时，通过直接过滤即可将污水处理厂二级出水中的悬浮物几乎全部去除，且过滤周期可达６１．２－７２．１ｈ。     

Physicochemical interaction and its influence on deep bed filtration process

The capillary model was used to analyze the hydraulic conditions in the deep bed filtration process. The physicochemical interaction forces between the filter media and suspended particles and their influence on deep bed filtration process were also studied theoretically. Through the comparison of the hydraulic and physicochemical forces, the key influencing factors on the filtration process were proposed and investigated. Pilot study of the microflocculation deep bed filtration was carried out in the No. 9 Potable Water Treatment Plant of Beijing, and the experimental results of hydraulic head loss, particle distribution and entrapment were presented. The theoretical prediction was reasonably consistent with the experimental results under different conditions, which indicated that the regulation and control of micro-flocculation and deep bed filtration could be realized by the evaluation of the physicochemical interactions. Further theoretical and experimental research should be carried out to investigate the interaction mechanism and its application in the deep bed filtration and other cases.     

膜生物反应器中膜过滤特征及膜污染机理的研究

以膜生物反应器处理市政污水,通过对活性污泥进行终端过滤来反映膜污染机理,实验表明,最初很短时间内膜污染受膜孔堵塞模型控制,之后受沉积层阻力模型控制,后一阶段是膜污染的主要控制阶段;膜的相对通量随过滤时间呈指数衰减趋势,压力越大,通量衰减越快;污泥沉积层存在压密过程,这一过程中的污泥比阻随压力增大而增大,并得到处理市政污水的污泥压密指数为0.807 8;阻力分布实验表明沉积层阻力占总阻力的90%以上,是膜过滤污染阻力的主要组成部分;活性污泥各组分对膜污染均有贡献,其中悬浮固体、胶体颗粒和溶质产生的阻力分别占87.98%、6.20%和5.82%;根据实验和计算结果,探讨了MBR处理市政污水过程中可能的膜污染机理.     

麦草浆黑液提取性能试验

采用真空吸滤和挤压过滤两段组合式提取装置两次提取麦草浆黑液，能获得高且稳定的黑液提取率。探讨了黑液提取率与浆料洗涤时间、水量的关系及洗后浆所达到的洗净程度等。     

水厂快滤过程动态模型的建立与识别

作为构建国家饮用水安全风险评估框架的一部分 ,开发了一种用于风险评估的水厂快滤过程动态模型。该模型通过对扩散、生物降解、吸附、脱附和反冲洗等过程的概化 ,建立了可模拟不同污染物的普适性水厂快滤动态模型。本模型以实际水厂的现场监测数据为依托 ,以CODMn、氨氮、浊度和微生物为例对模型进行了率定。结果表明模型较好地吻合了实际快滤过程。该模型将可有效地应用于评估不同过滤过程去除各种污染物的风险 ,以及识别饮用水安全风险关键控制点的工作。     

味精废水的超滤前处理工艺研究

针对高氨氮、高CODcr的味精工艺废水处理工程,进行了超滤膜工艺相关试验。在超滤运行工艺参数分析基础上,重点分析了叠片过滤及纤维过滤两类不同超滤前处理的运行工况,从而得出特定水源条件下超滤的前处理工艺及参数。