不同碳输入对天山雪岭云杉林土壤化学计量特征的影响

土壤C、N、P元素是构成森林生态系统的重要组分,通过研究外源碳输入改变对森林土壤化学计量特征的影响,有助于揭示森林生态系统的元素循环过程及平衡反馈机制.以天山雪岭云杉林作为研究对象,通过基于2 a的植物残体的添加和去除试验(DIRT),分析外源碳输入改变对土壤C、N、P化学计量特征短期影响,讨论不同处理下土壤化学计量特征与其他土壤理化因子的相互关系.结果表明：(1)土壤C、N、P含量在大部分土层均表现为双倍凋落物(DL)处理最高,按土层深度由浅到深依次为,土壤ω(C):168.92、119.88、103.33和64.23g·kg^-1;土壤ω(N):10.60、9.32、8.78和8.07g·kg^-1;土壤ω(P):0.50、0.45、0.37和0.36g·kg^-1;切根去凋落物(NI)处理最低,按土层深度由浅到深依次为土壤ω(C):104.56、89.24、48.08和43.96g·kg^-1;土壤ω(N):6.83、2.60、2.63和2.22g·kg^-1;土壤ω(P):0.4...     

福州滨海地区菜地和果园土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征

不同农业土地利用方式土壤生态化学计量学特征对于表征土壤养分供应水平具有一定的指示作用,对农田生态系统养分资源管理具有重要意义.为了揭示菜地和果园两种农业土地利用方式土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量学特征,以福州市滨海地区菜地(芋头地、红薯地)和果园(橘树园、西瓜地、梨树园)为研究对象,对菜地和果园农业土地利用方式下土壤C、 N、 P含量及其生态化学计量特征进行测定与分析.结果表明,土壤C、 N含量基本表现为果园>菜地(P<0.05),其中橘树园土壤C含量最高(4.44 g·kg^-1),西瓜地土壤N含量最高(1.46 g·kg^-1).而土壤P含量基本表现为菜地>果园(P<0.05),其中红薯地土壤P含量最高(0.19 g·kg^-1);土壤碳氮比(C/N)、碳磷比(C/P)和氮磷比(N/P)均表现为果园>菜地(P<0.05),其中,橘树园土壤C/N(7.40)、 C/P(61.43)最高,西瓜地土壤N/P最高(10.27);不同农业土地利用方式下土壤N含量与容重和电导率...     

氮磷添加对荒漠草原土壤养分含量及生态化学计量特征的影响

为明确土壤养分含量及化学计量比对多种限制性养分添加的响应,分析土壤中速效养分与全量养分相关关系,以及土壤全量和速效化学计量特征的指示作用,阐明养分添加对荒漠草原土壤养分动态平衡关系的影响.以宁夏荒漠草原为研究对象,于2018年开始进行氮(N)和磷(P)养分添加控制试验,试验处理包括对照(CK)、N添加、P添加和NP共同添加这4个处理.结果表明：(1)养分添加第4年,土壤N含量显著增加;N添加显著增加土壤N∶P, P添加和NP共同添加显著增加土壤有机碳(SOC)含量.养分添加第3年和第4年,N添加显著提高土壤速效N∶P(AN∶AP);N添加和NP共同添加显著增加土壤铵态氮(NH⁺₄-N)和硝态氮(NO^-₃-N)含量,而降低土壤速效C∶N(C∶AN);P添加和NP共同添加显著增加土壤全磷(TP)和速效磷(AP)含量,而降低土壤全量和速效N∶P、C∶P.(2)N添加和P添加对荒漠草原土壤NH⁺₄-N、AP含量和土壤速效C∶N、AN∶AP的影响具有显著交互作用.(...     

长期施肥和耕作下紫色土坡耕地土壤C、N、P和K化学计量特征

阐明长期施肥和耕作对坡耕地土壤C、N、P和K含量及其化学计量比的影响,将有助于深刻理解土壤C和养分元素循环过程及其相互作用机制,对施肥管理及农业面源污染防治具有重要意义.在紫色土坡耕地(坡度为15°)建立15个小区(长8 m×宽4 m),设置5个处理(每个处理3次重复):顺坡无施肥处理(对照,CK)、顺坡复合施用有机肥和化肥处理(T1)、顺坡单施化肥处理(T2)、顺坡单施化肥增量处理(T3)和横坡单施化肥处理(T4),比较各处理0～10 cm及10～20 cm土层的C、N、P和K含量及其化学计量变化特征.结果表明,各处理土壤C、N和P差异显著(P 0. 05),均表现为T1 T3 T4 T2CK,施肥处理下K含量差异不显著(P 0. 05),但均显著高于对照处理(P 0. 05),表现为T4 T3 T2 T1 CK.各处理土壤的C∶N在10～20 cm土层中差异显著(P 0. 05),表现为T4 T3 T1 CK T2;而C∶P则在0～10 cm土层差异显著(P 0. 05),表现为T1 T3 CK T4 T2;各处理土壤的C∶K、N∶P、N∶K和P∶K在不同土层中均差异显著(P 0. 05),其中C∶K、N∶K和P∶K表现为T1 T3 T4 T2 CK,N∶P表现为T1 CK T4 T3 T2.土壤的C、N、P和K含量及其化学计量比均随土层加深而递减.试验区土壤C、N和P含量属中等变异,变异系数(CV)分别为37. 50%、38. 91%和25. 35%,K含量属弱变异,CV为5. 03%.化学计量比中,C∶N和C∶P属弱变异,CV分别为7. 52%和14. 38%,C∶K、N∶P、N∶K和P∶K属中等变异,CV分别为35. 62%、17. 01%、37. 24%和44. 78%.土壤C、N、P和K含量及化学计量比之间存在显著正相关(P 0. 05).试验区土壤N∶P平均值为2. 09,低于中国土壤平均水平(9. 3).研究表明紫色土坡耕地土壤N为养分限制因子,而复合施用有机肥和化肥可有效缓解紫色土坡耕地N缺乏的状况.     

荒漠河岸多枝柽柳灌丛碳氮磷化学计量特征及其影响因素

为了解群落水平下荒漠河岸多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.）灌丛的碳氮磷化学计量特征及其影响因素,在黑河下游荒漠河岸3 800 m范围内,沿垂直河道方向上设置9个采样点,采用相关性分析、冗余分析（RDA）和偏冗余分析（pRDA）方法,对多枝柽柳群落的碳氮磷化学计量格局及其与环境因子的关系进行研究.结果表明:黑河下游荒漠河岸多枝柽柳群落TC、TN、TP含量平均值分别为380.27、30.42和1.54 mg/g,C:N、C:P和N:P平均值分别为12.98、257.09和20.04.与全球和区域尺度物种水平研究相比,黑河下游荒漠河岸多枝柽柳灌丛群落具有较低的TC含量、较高的TN含量和N:P以及相对稳定的TP含量.多枝柽柳灌丛群落碳氮磷化学计量特征变异系数相对较小,内稳性较强,相对较高的N:P（14.55~27.20）表明群落水平下多枝柽柳灌丛更倾向于受磷元素的限制.在沿河梯度上,多枝柽柳群落TC含量和TN含量均随沿河距离的增加呈显著下降的变化趋势,而C:N随沿河距离的增加呈波动上升的变化趋势;TP含量呈先降后升的变化趋势,而C:P和N:P大致呈先上升后下降的变化趋势.多枝柽柳灌丛群落的碳氮磷化学计量特征与土壤理化属性存在一定相关性,土壤含水量、土壤容重和土壤pH是影响多枝柽柳群落碳氮磷化学计量特征变化的关键因子,三者共同解释了总变异的57.7%,其中土壤含水量解释了总变异的32.8%.研究显示,土壤水盐与多枝柽柳灌丛的碳氮磷化学计量特征关系密切,土壤含水量在解释多枝柽柳灌丛碳氮磷化学计量特征变化方面比土壤pH更为重要.      

不同利用方式对江西省农田土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的影响

根据江西省2013年采集的16582个农田耕层(0～20 cm)土壤样点数据,运用实地调查、经典统计学与地统计学等相结合方法,研究了江西省耕地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的空间变异性及不同农田利用方式对其的影响.研究结果表明:江西省耕地土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)平均含量分别为17.90、1.58和0.52 g·kg~(-1),土壤碳氮比(C∶N)、碳磷比(C∶P)和氮磷比(N∶P)平均值分别为11.72、38.29和3.38,土壤C∶N∶P比平均值为34.44∶3.03∶1,说明P是江西省耕地土壤主要的限制因素.此外,由于碳、氮、磷三者之间并不存在显著的两两相关性,表明江西省耕地土壤中不存在稳定的"Redfield ratio";半方差函数表明,江西省土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征具有中等程度的空间变异性,其空间变异特征主要受到随机性因素的影响;经ANOVA检验显示,不同农田利用方式对土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征影响显著(p0.05),土壤SOC和TN平均含量依次表现为:两季水田水旱轮作一季水田一季旱地两季旱地,土壤TP平均含量依次表现为:两季旱地两季水田一季水田一季旱地水旱轮作,土壤C∶N依次表现为:两季水田两季旱地一季水田水旱轮作一季旱地,土壤C∶P平均值依次表现为:水旱轮作两季水田一季水田一季旱地两季旱地,土壤N∶P平均值依次表现为:水旱轮作一季旱地两季水田一季水田两季旱地.总体而言,土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量比的变化特征是农田利用方式和环境因子综合作用的结果,土壤C∶N∶P比对土壤碳、氮、磷储量及养分的限制性具有重要的指示作用.     

五台山亚高山-高山草甸群落多样性和碳氮磷化学计量特征

为了探究连续海拔梯度上亚高山-高山草甸群落多样性、碳氮磷化学计量特征及其环境适应策略,以五台山南坡自然分布的亚高山-高山草甸群落为研究对象,沿海拔梯度(2 201~3 011 m)设置9个样地,采用相关性分析、偏冗余分析(pRDA)的方法,分析亚高山-高山草甸群落多样性和碳氮磷化学计量特征及其与环境因子的关系. 结果表明:在五台山南坡2 201~3 011 m海拔范围内,亚高山-高山草甸群落的Patrick指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数平均值分别为11、2.15、0.87、0.93. 随着海拔的升高,Patrick指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数均呈显著下降趋势,而Pielou指数变化不显著. 群落TC、TN、TP含量平均值分别为461.19、23.32、1.96 mg/g,C∶N、C∶P和N∶P平均值分别为19.99、242.17、12.10. 与全球尺度和草地生态系统区域尺度的研究相比,该区域草甸群落具有相对稳定的TC含量,以及TN、TP含量高和N∶P低的特点,群落水平下相对较低的N∶P(<14)说明草甸群落植物生长更倾向于受氮元素的限制. 随着海拔升高,群落TC含量、C∶N、C∶P沿海拔梯度均呈显著上升趋势,而群落TN、TP含量均呈显著下降趋势,群落N∶P变化不显著. 在海拔梯度上,群落碳氮磷化学计量特征存在差异性,在一定程度上说明了草甸群落对海拔生境的不同适应策略. 偏冗余分析结果表明,环境因子(海拔和土壤因子)分别解释了亚高山-高山草甸群落多样性和碳氮磷化学计量特征总变化的70.8%和67.8%,海拔因子的解释贡献率大于土壤因子. 研究显示,海拔和土壤因子对五台山亚高山-高山草甸群落多样性和碳氮磷化学计量变化特征存在显著影响,其中海拔因子的影响尤为突出.      

互花米草入侵对杭州湾滨海湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的影响

互花米草入侵对滨海湿地生态系统产生极大威胁.选取杭州湾滨海湿地为研究区,采用方差分析研究互花米草入侵下滨海湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征,结合冗余分析(RDA)、增强回归树(BRT)和偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)进一步探讨滨海湿地环境因子与土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征之间的驱动耦合关系.结果表明：(1)互花米草入侵后,湿地土壤全氮和氮磷比(N∶P)显著增加;随入侵时间增加,土壤全氮和N∶P显著降低,有机碳、碳氮比(C∶N)和碳磷比(C∶P)显著增加.(2) RDA分析表明,冬季影响表土C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征的主要因子表现为有机碳>电导率>全氮,夏季为有机碳>容重>全氮.(3) BRT分析表明,互花米草入侵下,全氮是影响土壤C∶N和N∶P的关键因子,而有机碳对C∶P影响最强.(4) PLS-SEM分析表明,互花米草入侵下,黏粒和含水率直接影响有机碳,进而影响C∶N和C∶P;黏粒和电导率直接影响全磷,进而影响N∶P和C∶P;电导率直接影响全氮,进而影响C∶N和N∶P.综上,互花米草入侵对研究区土壤C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征影响显著,土壤物理性质和养分含...     

亚热带稻田土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征

为了解稻田土壤中是否存在稳定的土壤有机碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)比值,基于亚热带区110个水稻土剖面和587个发生层的土壤调查数据库,在区域尺度上分析了典型水稻土C∶N∶P比值的生态化学计量学特征,并应用相关分析和冗余分析,研究水稻土C∶N∶P比值与土壤-环境因子(地形和母质、土壤发生层、土壤类型和土壤理化性质)的关系.结果显示,亚热带区稻田土壤C∶N、C∶P和N∶P的剖面加权平均值分别为12. 6、49和3. 9,C∶N∶P为38∶3. 2∶1.不同母质起源、不同土壤亚类和不同发生层的水稻土C∶N变异相对较小;但C∶P和N∶P的变异很大,两者均值也远低于全球(186和13. 1)和中国土壤(136和9. 3)的C∶P和N∶P的平均水平.尽管稻田土壤剖面的C∶N∶P相对不稳定,但由于稻田表土生物与环境相互作用强烈,表土C∶N相对稳定(14. 2).这反映长期水耕熟化作用下,稻田表土中C和N仍存在紧密的耦合作用.然而,在稻田土壤剖面上,C∶P和N∶P并不稳定,SOC与全P含量、全N与全P含量也无显著相关性,表明环境变化可能导致土壤C∶N∶P解耦.地形、土壤质地、氧化铁和容重是调控稻田土壤剖面C∶N∶P的关键土壤环境因子.     

塞北荒漠植物根围球囊霉素和生态化学计量特征的空间分布

为探明塞北荒漠梁地植物根围土壤球囊霉素和生态化学计量特征的空间分布规律,于2013年6月选取内蒙古正蓝旗青格勒图典型梁地阳坡,设置梁底、梁坡和梁顶3个样地,按照0~10、>10~20、>20~30、>30~40、>40~50 cm五个土层分别采集沙鞭(Psammochloa villosa)和沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala)根围土壤样品,分析土壤因子、球囊霉素含量和生态化学计量特征.结果表明,梁底土壤w(SOC)(SOC为有机碳)、w(TN)、w(碱解氮)、w(TP)、w(有效钾)和w(球囊霉素)明显高于梁坡和梁顶,不同样地内,随着土层加深,土壤养分含量逐渐降低,w(球囊霉素)显著降低,但生态化学计量比随坡位及土层变化不显著.不同样地土壤w(SOC)、w(TN)、w(TP)平均值分别为5.936、1.286、0.115 mg/g,C/N[w(SOC)/w(TN)]、C/P[w(SOC)/w(TP)]、N/P[w(TN)/w(TP)]平均值分别为4.918、58.349、11.876,均低于全国陆地土壤平均水平.土壤中w(总球囊霉素)和w(易提取球囊霉素)平均值分别为1.822和0.838 mg/g,低于森林生态系统和草地生态系统,w(总球囊霉素)约占有机碳库的29.9%,具有较高的贡献值.研究显示,塞北荒漠植物根围土壤养分贫乏,磷素缺乏严重;球囊霉素含量及其生态分布规律可作为监测和评价土壤质量状况的有效指标.      

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.