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土壤中水溶性氟化物,随外界的氟化物对土壤污染,较土壤中全氟变化明显。以土壤中水溶性氟化物为研究对象,对土壤中水溶性氟化物分析时提取条件进行了研究,评价地热利用后,尾水对土壤污染的程度。 相似文献
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土壤污染状况调查普查区点位布设技术初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤布点是土壤污染普查前期工作的一个重要技术部分。为了以最省时、最省力的办法布设采样点,本研究结合土壤污染状况调查中土壤监测面临的现状,对土壤污染普查区点位布设方法进行了探讨。提出土壤样品采集的平面点位、纵向分层布设应考虑的影响因素、基本原则和布点要求,分别对具体的平面、纵向采样点位布设方法进行了分析阐述,为开展土壤污染普查区的土壤监测采样提供借鉴。 相似文献
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为了建设新农村,将旅游业引入新农村的建设中,需要治理农村中被污染的土壤,研究土壤修复技术。当前关于土壤的物理修复技术和化学修复技术的修复成本较高,在修复被污染的土壤过程中容易破坏土壤原始的形式和土壤原始的生物环境。将生态绿植修复技术应用到土壤修复中,提出新农村旅游规划中土壤污染的生态绿植修复技术研究方法,分析了农村土壤污染的主要污染源,且农村的环境执法制度不完善。采用生态绿植修复技术,通过植物提取机理、挥发和吸收机理、钝化机理和根系微生物和根系活动机理修复被污染的土壤。 相似文献
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为了解河池市某废弃冶炼厂周围农田土壤重金属的分布特征及潜在风险,研究了该区域不同深度土壤中5种重金属(Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn)以及主要农作物的污染状况,采用多元统计分析、改进的内梅罗指数法、潜在生态危害指数法结合GIS插值进行土壤污染调查及生态风险评价。结果表明:土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn的平均含量均高于广西土壤环境背景值,其中Cd、Pb的富集情况较为明显,其含量分别高于GB 15618-2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中的风险筛选值11.5,3.3倍。研究区土壤重金属含量空间分布呈现以毗邻冶炼厂的重污染区为中心,并向四周辐射的趋势,其中冶炼厂西北和东南方向含量较高。分析研究区土壤剖面重金属含量可知,Pb只有表层土壤含量超过土壤污染风险筛选值,Zn、Cr和Cu则不同深度土壤中的含量均低于风险筛选值,而Cd在各土层深度中的含量均超过农用地土壤污染风险管制值,表明该地区Cd污染严重,应重视土壤污染对农作物的生态风险及对地下水的潜在威胁。研究区主要农作物玉米、甘蔗中Pb、Cd、Cr的平均含量分别为GB 2762-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中标准限值的21.87,18.48,7.34倍和7.97,3.73,6.25倍,超标率为100%。 相似文献
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石油污染土壤植物修复后对陆生高等植物的生态毒性 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
以经过5a植物修复处理后的石油污染土壤为供试土壤(柴油初始投加量分别为5 000,15 000,30 000 mg/kg),用重量法测定了土壤中残留矿物油含量,同时,以小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)为供试植物,以种子发芽及根伸长试验、早期幼苗生长试验、叶片内细胞色素P450单加氧酶(P450)含量、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶,SOD;过氧化物酶,POD)活性及脂质过氧化产物(丙二醛,MDA)含量等为指标对受试土壤进行生态毒理学综合评价.化学分析结果表明,各处理土壤中的矿物油均 相似文献
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A fire at a chemical manufacturing plant at Schweizerhalle (near Basel) in November 1986 and the subsequent release of toxic agrochemicals into the Rhine river is taken as a basis to discuss some problems and needs in ecotoxicological research. Especially serious is the lack of knowledge about chronic effects of mixtures of chemicals to individuals and whole ecosystems. There is an urgent need for generally applicable principles and concepts. A discussion of the relationship between toxic effects to fish, exposure time, and concentration provides some hints about the direction towards which research should proceed. Finally, eight theses pertaining to ecotoxicology summarize what can be learned from the analysis of a chemical spill. 相似文献
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Ecotoxicological assessment of diffuse pollution using biomonitoring tool for sustainable land use in Thailand 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
As a developing country, Thailand has a significant issue with diffuse pollution of the soil ecosystem due to an indiscriminate use of agrichemicals and poorly regulated disposal of a wide variety of hazardous wastes. Practical risk assessment tools based on locally-occurring species are needed to assess the effects of diffuse pollutants on the soil ecosystem in Thailand because reliance on soil criteria developed for overseas conditions may provide inadequate protection. Native soil organisms in Thailand may be more or less sensitive to contaminants compared to overseas test species. This article described a biological indicator approach for ecological risk assessment of diffuse pollution in the soil ecosystem of Thailand from pesticide application with the aim of developing standardized protocols using native species and locally generated data to better evaluate the ecological risks of non-point source soil pollution. It was found that ecotoxicological assessment provided a better understanding of the ecological impacts that diffuse pollution induced on Thai environmental conditions. Thai soil biota species were more sensitive to soil contaminants than similar species overseas. Soil series also had an influence on the ecotoxicology of contaminants to soil biota. Collembolan, Cyphoderus sp., was demonstrated as a useful alternative test species to Folsomia Candida (international test species) for terrestrial ecotoxicological testing of Thai soils. In addition, the soil biota activities such as soil respiration and earthworm avoidance including soil biodiversity and the litter bag decomposition technique are also good tools to assess the effects of diffuse pollution by pesticides on the soil ecosystem of Thailand. 相似文献
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As a developing country, Thailand has a significant issue with di use pollution of the soil ecosystem due to an indiscriminate use
of agrichemicals and poorly regulated disposal of a wide variety of hazardous wastes. Practical risk assessment tools based on locallyoccurring
species are needed to assess the e ects of di use pollutants on the soil ecosystem in Thailand because reliance on soil
criteria developed for overseas conditions may provide inadequate protection. Native soil organisms in Thailand may be more or less
sensitive to contaminants compared to overseas test species. This article described a biological indicator approach for ecological risk
assessment of di use pollution in the soil ecosystem of Thailand from pesticide application with the aim of developing standardized
protocols using native species and locally generated data to better evaluate the ecological risks of non-point source soil pollution. It was
found that ecotoxicological assessment provided a better understanding of the ecological impacts that di use pollution induced on Thai
environmental conditions. Thai soil biota species were more sensitive to soil contaminants than similar species overseas. Soil series
also had an influence on the ecotoxicology of contaminants to soil biota. Collembolan, Cyphoderus sp., was demonstrated as a useful
alternative test species to Folsomia candida (international test species) for terrestrial ecotoxicological testing of Thai soils. In addition,
the soil biota activities such as soil respiration and earthworm avoidance including soil biodiversity and the litter bag decomposition
technique are also good tools to assess the e ects of di use pollution by pesticides on the soil ecosystem of Thailand. 相似文献
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流域水生态风险评价及管理对策 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
流域水生态风险评价是流域水环境管理急需解决的难题和研究热点,与传统风险管理的主要不同点在于流域的异质性和复合污染问题.依靠单一污染物研究不足以提供全面风险信息,无法适应我国流域水环境改善和生态恢复的管理需求.本文通过对复合污染的联合毒性效应及其研究方法的分析,综述和比较了生态风险评价方法的实用性和不足,探讨适合于建立流域不同生态单元质量和复合污染效应间关系的方法,发展和构建反映流域时空尺度变化规律的生态风险评价模型.并就流域水生态毒理机理、水环境的生态响应时空异质性变化规律和流域多目标优化管理提出研究展望及管理对策. 相似文献
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微塑料是一种新的土壤污染物,对土壤环境与健康有严重影响,已成为国内外研究的热点。系统分析了农田土壤微塑料的污染现状与分布特点,总结了不同农业生产方式对土壤微塑料污染丰度的影响,及其在土壤中分布和迁移特征,阐述了不同微塑料的污染来源及其对土壤环境的危害,提出地膜覆盖将成为农田土壤微塑料污染的重要来源,且微塑料因粒径、浓度及类型的不同对农田土壤理化性质和土壤生物会造成不同程度的影响;并比较分析了土壤微塑料的检测分析方法与手段,从土壤微塑料的溯源、迁移转化、污染危害以及检测分析手段层面,对未来需要解决的科学问题和研究方向进行了展望,以期为农田土壤微塑料的研究以及微塑料污染防控提供科学参考。 相似文献
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大部分放射性核素具有放射性强、半衰期长、毒性大等特点,进入土壤后受环境变化影响易发生迁移和形态转化等一系列反应,并且可通过食物链的迁移和积累最终危害人体健康。植物根际是放射性核素由土壤向植物体迁移的必经之路,土壤胶体是根际微区的主要组成物质也是吸附放射性核素的重要载体;根系分泌物是根际微区区别于土壤的重要物质;pH是影响放射性核素赋存形态、迁移重要的理化条件;根系微生物是根际微区中重要的调控者。总结了近5年影响放射性核素在根际微区迁移影响因素的研究进展,从土壤胶体、根系分泌物、pH、根系微生物4个方面综合阐述放射性核素在根际微区迁移和形态转化的影响因素,并提出展望。 相似文献
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传统观点认为土壤氮素转化要有微生物的参与,但越来越多的研究发现,非生物转化在一些特定条件下同样发挥着不可忽略的作用,该途径下N2O产生量甚至超过生物学过程而占主导作用.作为一种重要的非生物土壤氮素转化方式,化学反硝化产生途径虽然已经被发现近一个世纪,但在现代生态学研究中通常因研究分散而往往被忽视.鉴于此,对土壤化学反硝化及N2O产生机制、影响因素的研究进展进行总结,并对化学反硝化的不足和薄弱环节提出展望.结果表明:土壤化学反硝化及N2O产生的机制主要包括高价氮还原和羟胺分解两种作用;影响土壤化学反硝化的因素主要包括pH、温度、反应底物浓度、有机质、固相界面及金属离子,如高pH、固相界面和Cu2+的存在均会促进化学反硝化过程;不同形态Fe直接参与化学反硝化生成N2O的途径不同,主要包括Fe2+还原NO2-和NO3-,Fe3+氧化NH2OH.然而,现有研究对于化学反硝化机理的边界划分等问题仍不明确,因此,建议强化羟胺在土壤化学反硝化途径中作用机理的基础性研究,以及多因素综合影响下化学反硝化强度和N2O产生特征方面的应用性研究. 相似文献