苯作业对工人脂质过氧化影响的研究

自由基所引起的脂质过氧化 ,是许多职业中毒发病过程中的共同环节。以往实验研究表明 ,苯中毒小鼠体内抗过氧化物酶也发生了明显改变 [1]。本研究对某洗涤剂厂苯作业工人的过氧化脂 (L PO)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)进行了测定 ,以探讨苯对作业工人体内脂质过氧化水平的影响 ,并为苯中毒的早期诊断提供一定依据。1　研究对象与方法1 .1　研究对象整群抽取某洗涤剂厂合成车间 75名苯作业工人作为研究对象。根据白细胞计数分为两组 :白细胞计数≤ 4.5× 1 0 9/ L 者为 A组 ,共 2 9人 ,其中…     

某油田聚合物驱油项目作业人员职业健康监护早期指标的研究

目的:分析某油田聚合物驱油项目作业人员血清中免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、丙三醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量检测结果,为制定接触作业人员职业健康监护早期指标提供科学依据。方法:采用整群抽取的方法选择119名注聚工人作为实验组,同时选择41名作为正常对照组,采用免疫比浊法及化学比色法检测血清中IgE、IgM、MDA、GSH-Px、SOD的含量。结果:与正常对照组比较,注聚工人血清中IgE、MDA和SOD含量均明显升高,具有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:血清中IgE、MDA、SOD含量与对照组相比有显著性统计学差异,可作为该项目作业工人健康监护早期指标。     

印刷行业混苯接触者的职业危害调查

在印刷行业的生产环境中 ,虽已告别了铅污染 ,但现在却存着以混苯为主的有毒有害物质对作业接触者的职业危害 ,工人在制版、塑印、上光等过程中 ,使用了大量的混苯等有机溶剂 ,从而使接触者出现了一些相应的症状及体征。为保护劳动者健康 ,我们对 43名印刷业混苯作业工人进行了全面的健康检查和职业危害调查 ,现报告如下 :1　对象及方法1 .1　调查对象选择我市某印刷厂制版、塑印及上光混苯接触工人 43名作为接触组 ,其中男 2 2名、女2 1名 ,工龄 2～ 3 5年 (平均 1 0 .70年 ) ,年龄 2 1～ 55岁 (平均 3 2 .88岁 )。同时选择另一工厂不接触…     

锌金属硫蛋白对PM2.5暴露的运动大鼠血清抗氧化酶及免疫指标的影响

为了探讨锌-金属硫蛋白(Zn-Metallothionein,Zn-MT)对细颗粒污染运动大鼠血清抗氧化酶及免疫指标的影响.选取雄性SD大鼠56只,随机分为安静对照组、运动对照组、Zn-MT+运动组、低剂量PM2.5+运动组、Zn-MT+低剂量PM2.5+运动组、高剂量PM2.5+运动组、Zn-MT+高剂量PM2.5+运动组,采用递增负荷跑台训练后即刻处死,取血测定大鼠血清CAT、T-SOD、GSH、GSH-Px、白细胞介素IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、MCP-1、MCP-R1α、并进行有关统计学检验.结果表明,与安静组相比,运动组抗氧化酶下降,白细胞介素及免疫因子升高;与运动对照组相比,PM2.5染毒组大鼠血清SOD、GSH、GSH-Px活性下降且有剂量相同趋势变化;IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、MCP-1、MIP-1α显著性上升;补充Zn-MT后,血清抗氧化酶呈回升趋势;IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、MCP-1、MIP-1α有所下降.补充Zn-MT在一定程度上可以减轻由于运动产生自由基而对机体造成氧化应激损伤,保护机体的免疫系统,增强机体的运动能力.     

局部振动与植物神经功能紊乱

局部振动是否可引起植物神经功能紊乱 ,目前国际上尚有争议。最近 ,我们对某金矿凿岩作业进行了局部振动卫生学的监测 ,对作业工人进行了心率变异性 (heart ratevariability,HRV)测试 ,并通过振动负荷试验前后 HRV的变化 ,探讨了局部振动对植物神经功能的影响及其意义。1　研究对象及方法1 .1　研究对象以某金矿 5 4名井下男性凿岩工人作为研究对象。其中 VWF患者 (白指组 ) 1 6名 ,年龄 2 8～ 37(32 .5± 2 .7)岁 ,作业工龄 5 .5～1 4.2 (9.2± 3.4)年。VWF的诊断依据 :1手臂振动作业史 1年以上 ;2检见白指 ,或主诉并旁证白指 ;3排除 …     

石油炼制工业苯作业者免疫功能研究

随着对苯的毒理、代谢动力学等领域研究的深入，低浓度苯对机体的影响已引起注意。石油炼制多处作业环境有苯存在，但正常生产时多数浓度甚低。通过对炼厂两组不同方式接触苯作业工人的调查，观察其免疫功能变化，以便为摸索早期医学监护指标，建立石油炼制作业生产环境与人体反应的剂量──效应关系提供依据。     

重庆市1970年～1979年苯白血病发病回顾性调查报告

“苯白血病”的流行病学调查,早年国外除意大利Vigliani及土耳其Aksoy等曾有过一些报告外,近年有关流行病学系统调查资料少见。为探求苯致白血病的规律,于1982年对我市42个工厂接苯作业工人进行了回顾性调查,将结果报告如下:     

焦化作业对工人脂质过氧化的影响

焦化作业接触多种有害物质,如煤粉、烟灰、SO2、CO及氮氧化物。焦炉逸散物中烟灰重量约占25%～40%,其中焦油成份中含有苯并(a)芘等多环芳烃化合物,大量流调资料证实,后者与焦炉工人肺癌高发率有关,焦炉工肺癌在我国已列为职业肿瘤。近年膜毒理学理论认为许多化学毒物都可加剧体内脂质过氧化(LPO)效应,长期作用可导致机体多种病理改变,甚至可诱发DNA突变。动物实验亦证实煤焦沥青对大鼠产生的脂质过氧化损伤效应与肺癌的形成有密切关系[1]。为了解焦化作业对工人脂质过氧化的影响,对某焦化厂作业工人有关指标进行了测定,并与对照人群进行…     

职业性苯接触者终末呼出气中的苯含量

苯在工业生产中被广泛应用,因其毒性极大,给职业性苯接触工人的健康造成严重危害.如何评价苯作业工人健康所受到的危害程度,以利于工人的安全防护,本文就职业性苯接触的呼出气监测来评价环境空气浓度与人体吸收水平的关系进行探讨,为健康监护提供依据.     

一氧化碳作业人员血脂水平的调查

目地:探讨一氧化碳对作业人员血脂水平的影响.方法:以168例一氧化碳作业人员为观察组及97例非接触工人为对照组,分别检测其血脂水平.结果:发现一氧化碳接触组与对照组的甘油三酯水平有显著性差别(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白水平也显著高于对照组(P<0.01).结论:一氧化碳对作业人员的血脂水平具有一定影响,尤以对低密度脂蛋白影响最为显著,提示应加强对一氧化碳作业人员的心血管系统的监测.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.