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Diego Iribarren Maria Teresa Moreira Gumersindo Feijoo 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(2):101-111
Mussels as a commercial product involve a range of activities which can be included within four different sub-sectors: culture, dispatch centres, canning factories and, finally, cooking plants. This paper deals with the environmental evaluation of the whole mussel sector from a Life Cycle Assessment approach. The use of exhaustive inventories led to the subsequent environmental characterization of the mussel sector in terms of the contribution observed for each of the sub-sectors. In this sense, the sub-sector associated with dispatch centres presented the largest contributions to the potential environmental impacts, clearly ahead of mussel farming. Furthermore, the sub-sectors of mussel cooking plants and canning factories showed a much lower contribution to the potential environmental impacts. Several improvement potentials were identified from the characterization results, stressing the minimization of the electric energy consumption in dispatch centres. A comparative LCA was performed in order to contrast the environmental performance of the three main commercial mussel products: fresh mussels, canned mussels and frozen mussels. The analysis showed that fresh mussels have the least favourable environmental profile. 相似文献
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Oikwathaile Onosi Nicole S. Upfold Michael D. Jukes Garry A. Luke Caroline Knox 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(1):84-88
Human bocavirus (HBoV) has a global distribution and is associated with respiratory and enteric infections, particularly in the paediatric population. In this study, raw sewage and mussel samples were analysed for the presence of HBoV using nested PCR with primers targeting the VP1/VP2 junction. Amplification and sequencing of the 382 bp region followed by phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of HBoV 2 in mussel samples and HBoV 3 in sewage samples. This is the first report describing the presence of enteric-associated HBoV in environmental samples from South Africa and in mussel samples from the African continent. The results signify the need for further studies examining the potential risk of foodborne transmission of HBoV and highlight the importance of continued screening to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of HBoV in South Africa. 相似文献
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中国环境与生物标准参考物质中甲基汞的测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用了多种分离技术分离有机汞,以气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定甲基汞和乙基汞,测定了一些已经定值总汞的中国环境与生物标准参考物质及一些别国制备的标准测参考物质。采用不同分离技术,所得结果基本一致,也存在些差异。实验室之间的测定结果也很接近。建议上述物质可作为测定甲基汞和乙基汞的标准参考物质。 相似文献
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于1997-1999年在广东大亚湾和大鹏湾的主要贝类养殖区设立了4个采样点,以华贵栉孔扇贝和翡翠贻贝为对象逐月采样,以美国分析化学家协会(AOAC)推荐的小白鼠法测定其麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP)含量.1999年1-6月大亚湾东山海域的扇贝贝毒含量高于联合国粮农组织(FAO)制定的贝类安全食用标准的限定值,尤其是1月份,超过限定值近30倍.贻贝仅1月份超标.总体上贝毒含量表现为由冬春季高峰期逐月波动下降的趋势.大亚湾澳头和大鹏湾南澳的两种贝类毒素含量都不高,扇贝长期含有较低的毒素,贻贝在大部分时间内不含毒素. 相似文献
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青岛近海沉积物PCBs的水平与垂直分布及贝类污染 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
利用13C同位素内标法及气相色谱-质谱方法对青岛胶州湾内外8个表层沉积物,1个沉积物柱状岩心和2个贝类样品中包括14种共平面PCBs在内的50种PCBs同系物含量进行了测定,在所有样品中均检测出了PCBs化合物.讨论了PCBs的分布特征.表层样品以胶州湾东岸的含量最高,从北岸、西岸、胶州湾口及胶州湾外PCBs含量逐渐降低.表层沉积物中总PCBs含量在0.65~32.9ng/g dw. PCBs总含量落在国内外海洋近岸表层沉积物含量范围的中值区.表明污染来源有城市污水排放及大气来源2种,而不属于工业污染类型.多氯联苯主要以低氯取代PCBs为主,大部分高氯取代PCBs的含量低于检出限.柱状样中共平面PCBs的含量及毒性当量浓度总的垂直变化趋势是从1951年到现在逐渐减少.贝类样品的总PCBs含量为4.9~8.4ng/g dw,属低污染水平. 相似文献
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鄱阳湖康山和湖口水域鱼、贝类体内有机氯农药残留现状 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解鄱阳湖生物体内有机氯农药的残留和富集状况,分析了康山水域的2种鱼类和1种贝类以及湖口水域的3种鱼类和3种贝类体内的六六六(BHCs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)和六氯苯(HCB)的质量分数. 结果表明:康山水域鱼、贝类体内w(BHCs)为0.04~1.53 μg/kg(平均值为0.282 μg/kg),w(DDTs)为0.09~5.38 μg/kg(平均值为1.856 μg/kg),w(HCB)为0.075~0.55 μg/kg(平均值为0.210 μg/kg);湖口水域鱼、贝类体内w(BHCs)为nd~0.43 μg/kg(平均值为0.168 μg/kg),w(DDTs)为0.56~18.76 μg/kg(平均值为4.172 μg/kg),w(HCB)为0.15~1.28 μg/kg(平均值为0.723 μg/kg). DDTs和HCB的检出率和质量分数显著高于BHCs,其中p,p′-DDE和α-BHC分别为DDTs和BHCs的优势组分. 所检测样品的残留水平均未超过我国农业部、美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)和联合国粮农组织(FAO)颁布的标准. 相似文献
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在室内以翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)为对象,研究单种抑食金球藻(Aureocuccos anophagefferens)及其与亚心形四爿藻(Tetraselmis subcordiformis)混合藻液条件下抑食金球藻对贻贝的生长和摄食的影响。结果表明,抑食金球藻对翡翠贻贝的生长和摄食均有显著的负面影响。单种高、中浓度抑食金球藻组贻贝的鲜重、干重及无灰分干重均显著低于混合藻组,贻贝的个体生长条件指数(CI)下降明显,其下降率甚至高于饥饿组。混合藻组中贻贝的CI、软组织的鲜重、干重、无灰分干重等均显著低于对照组,其抑制程度与混合藻组中抑食金球藻浓度有关,当混合藻组中抑食金球藻浓度较大时(≥ 4×105 cells/mL),贻贝的上述指标更低。四组混合藻中贻贝的摄食率也均显著低于对照组,抑食金球藻对贻贝的抑食作用也与其藻细胞密度有关,混有较高密度抑食金球藻组中贻贝的摄食率更低,说明抑食金球藻并非因其个体太小而不能被贝类正常摄食,可能产生了某种生物活性物质抑制了贻贝的摄食和生长,亚心形四爿藻能在一定程度上可以缓解抑食金球藻对贝类摄食和生长的抑制作用。 相似文献
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Diego Iribarren Almudena Hospido María Teresa Moreira Gumersindo Feijoo 《Environmental Science & Policy》2010,13(6):509-521
The increasing demand for environmental information on the global warming impact of products requires a solid methodological framework which guarantees comparability and communicability. The publicly available specification PAS 2050 combines approaches to a variety of greenhouse gas specific assessment issues to deliver a globally applicable product Carbon Footprinting (CF) method, which is expected to be widely accepted. Specifically, this paper aims to demonstrate the implementation of a CF scheme for a common canned mussel product according to PAS 2050 guidelines. A final value of 4.35 kg CO2e per triple pack of round cans of mussels was calculated. Furthermore, this CF study led to identify primary packaging (can production) and mussel shell management as the main activities where efforts should focus for climate change mitigation. Throughout this case study, CF opportunities and drawbacks are discussed. The whole text tries to provide a starting point for both mussel processors and policy makers to benefit from the potential advantages of a responsible use of this increasingly popular tool. 相似文献
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典型电子废物焚烧区水生生物多溴联苯醚累积特征 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
对广东清远某电子废物焚烧区封闭水体中水生生物体PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)的累积特征进行了研究. 结果表明,草虾、田螺、河蚌、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、黄鳝和乌鳢等水生生物体内w(∑21PBDEs)(以脂肪质量计)为0.2487~24.50μg/g. 该电子废物焚烧区水生生物PBDEs污染较严重,较我国其他地区开放性水体的水生生物体w(PBDEs)高出1~3个数量级. 其中,底栖动物河蚌和田螺体内PBDEs累积最高,w(∑21PBDEs)分别为11.38和4.968μg/g. 不同同系物在水生生物体内累积差异较大,BDE209是水生生物体PBDEs累积的主要组分,占49.83%~91.48%,八溴代和九溴代BDE也发生了高累积. 营养级是电子废物焚烧区水生生物PBDEs累积的最主要控制因素,但捕食和生活习性对生物体尤其是软体动物PBDEs累积也产生了较大影响. 相似文献
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Fernanda Silva dos Santos Raquel A.F. Neves Mirian Araújo Carlos Crapez Valéria Laneuville Teixeir Natascha Krepsky 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(1):412-428
The brown mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) is a valuable resource for aquaculture in tropical and subtropical coastal regions. It presents desirable characteristics for biomonitoring, including being sessile, widely distributed and abundant, and is a filter-feeder able to accumulate several classes of pollutants (e.g., metals, hydrocarbons, among others). Mussels’ biological responses to pollution exposure can be measured as biomarkers, which include alterations ranging from molecular to physiological levels, to estimate the degree of environmental contamination and its effects on biota. This full review compiles two decades (2000–2020) of literature concerning biological effects on P. perna mussel caused by environmental pollutants (i.e., metals, hydrocarbons, and emerging pollutants), considering environmental and farm-based biomonitoring. Biochemical markers related to mussels’ oxidative status were efficient for the biomonitoring of metals (i.e., antioxidant enzymes associated with oxidative damage in biomolecules). Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity indicators (i.e., comet, micronucleus, and neutral red assays) provided a depiction of hydrocarbon contamination. The neutral red assay gave a time-concentration cytotoxic response to a wide range of pollutants, including emerging pollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals and biocides) and hydrocarbons. Perna perna hemocyte parameters provided a useful approach for biocide biomonitoring. This paper summarizes useful biomarkers from molecular to physiological levels in this mussel species used to identify and quantify the degree of coastal pollution. An integrated biomarker analysis may provide a way to overcome possible biomarker variations and assess multi-polluted sites. Nevertheless, it is necessary to investigate biomarker variations according to natural factors (e.g., season and gonad maturation stage) to standardize them for trustworthy biomonitoring. 相似文献
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为了解设施菜地土壤重金属累积规律及影响因,通过在全国8个省具有代表性的设施蔬菜产区采集土壤和肥料样品,系统研究了设施栽培年限、肥料施用、土壤性质对设施菜地土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Cd累积量及活度的影响.结果表明:与露天栽培相比,设施条件下随着栽培年限的延长,土壤Cu、Zn和Cd的全量和有效态浓度均呈明显的累积趋势,栽培年限>15a时的设施土壤Cu、Zn和Cd的全量和有效态浓度分别是露天栽培土壤的1.57、2.16、1.67、3.28、1.96、2.00倍.Pearson分析表明设施菜地土壤Cu、Zn、Cd均与土壤SOM呈极显著相关,说明其在来源上较强的相似性,进一步对设施栽培土壤主要投入品中Cu、Zn、Cd含量分析表明,猪粪、商品有机肥及土壤调理剂中Cu、Zn均超过了100mg/kg,Cd超过了1.0mg/kg,且投入量较大,是设施栽培土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd的主要贡献者,而秸秆和部分化肥(如尿素、硫酸钾)中的Cu、Zn、Cd含量均极低,对设施栽培土壤累积贡献微乎其微.pH值和CEC是影响Cu、Zn、Cd在土壤中累积活度的关键因素,其中随着pH值的升高土壤Cu活度表现了先升高后下降的趋势,而土壤Cd活度则表现了持续下降的趋势,仅在pH<6.26时达到了显著相关水平;土壤CEC的升高对土壤Cu活度表现了先下降后升高再下降的趋势,土壤Cd活度表现了先升高后缓慢下降再升高的趋势,而土壤Zn活度仅在CEC<5.83时随着CEC升高表现下降显著线性相关趋势.因此,防止设施栽培土壤Cu、Zn、Cd的累积与污染,选择重金属含量低的肥料和调控土壤理化特性(尤其是pH值、CEC)则是缓解设施栽培土壤重金属累积速率进而确保蔬菜质量安全的有效途径. 相似文献
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Matthew J. Eckelman Reid J. LifsetIoannis Yessios Ken Panko 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(11):1273-1278
Second Life is a virtual, open-access, and user-generated environment that has served as a platform for hosting everything from rock concerts to scientific conferences. Many institutions have also used Second Life as an educational tool, for example by, showcasing scientific exhibits or embedding video and images for learning purposes. Here we discuss the creation and use of an interactive, virtual industrial facility - the Elihu Paper Company - as a way to complement a traditional facility tours in a course in industrial environmental management. Virtual facilities offer a number of educational advantages over real-life ones: they are always open and available for tours, they can be accessed instantaneously from anywhere where there is an adequate internet connection, and most importantly, tours and embedded information can be tailored to specific educational objectives. Our experience in using Elihu Paper as a formal facility visit for the past several years shows that students had significantly more time than usual to ask questions, could and did explore the facility independently, and were still able to produce facility reports that fulfilled the educational objectives of the visits, including mapping material flows and explaining pollution prevention and sustainability opportunities. 相似文献