普通高校的音乐教学探讨

音乐教育对每个人的素质培养具有重要作用，但长久以来音乐教育都不被学校、学生所重视，在我国高校的音乐教育才刚刚起步。作者根据自身多年的高校音乐教学经验，认为高校的音乐教育关键是编订独具特色的音乐教材、开启学生的兴趣之门、施行兼收并蓄的教学方法。     

浅谈高校音乐教育中的多元文化音乐教育

如今,音乐呈现出多元化发展的趋势,这有利于加强和外国的音乐交流,促进双方音乐的进一步发展。目前,我国多数高校的音乐教育大多采用西方音乐教育模式,这为了解西方音乐文化、促进音乐多元化发展提供了必要保障,但同时也应加强对本土音乐及传统音乐的重视。因此,在高校音乐教育中引入多元文化教育时,我们应保持理性,承认多元文化的积极作用。此外,如何正确处理好传统音乐、少数民族音乐和外来音乐三者之间的关系,是当前值得我们重点思考的。     

将音乐游戏巧妙融入小学音乐教学中

音乐是学生学校教育的重要组成部分,在小学教育中,音乐教育可以帮助学生健康成长,培养学生的创造力,促进素质教育的实现,提高学生的综合素质。如何在小学教育中提高音乐教育的教学质量,是当前小学教学中需要考虑的重要问题。从学生自身的特点和年龄考虑,对学生进行音乐教育,可以将音乐游戏融入小学音乐教学中。针对如何将音乐游戏巧妙地融入小学音乐教学中这个主题进行分析研究。     

浅析高中音乐教师技能素养要求及其思考

伴随着学校音乐教育的发展,高中阶段音乐教育对学生音乐素养水平培养以及建设社会主义精神文明,培养有理想、有道德、有纪律、有文化的社会主义公民有着重要的作用,音乐教育也成为人们普遍关心的问题。高中音乐教师作为这方面的执行者与实施者,在新的环境和与教育背景下,应具备哪些专业技能素养,是值得思考的。明确高中音乐教师专业技能素养的要求,不仅有利于为学校选拔更加优秀的音乐教师;还有利于不同类型的音乐教师互补促进,产成1+1>2的效果,形成完整教学体系;更加通过音乐教育培养学生感受、表现、创造美的能力,激发学生创造能力,全面提升学生素质。     

关于高校音乐教育模式的思考

随着科技的进步,人类逐渐迎来了信息时代,在人们物质生活水平提高的同时,人们精神领域的追求也在提升。在教育事业发展的今天,高校音乐教育的发展也越来越受重视,高校音乐教学也面临着新的挑战。虽然近年来,高校音乐教育在教育改革的大环境下,在很多方面有了实质性的进步和发展,但是依然存在着亟待改善的很多问题。本人根据自己多年的教学实践和经验,指出了高校音乐教学中存在的一些具体问题,并对这些问题做了针对性的分析,提出了对应的建议和解决措施,希望能够为我们今后更专业的音乐教学提供一定的帮助,为我们音乐教学的研究和探索提供一定的理论参考,促进我们音乐教育事业的发展。     

挖掘农村音乐资源,丰富农村音乐课堂

在农村音乐教学中,音乐资源是非常丰富的,如果音乐教师能善于挖掘和利用,结合本地的人文文化、地方文化,就能够丰富音乐课堂,让农村小学学生做到"人人享受音乐教育、个个享受音乐带来的乐趣"。     

对小学音乐欣赏审美过程的探究

在学校音乐教育中,从教育学、心理学的角度和小学生的特点、教学大纲的要求和实施素质教育的高度来审视小学音乐教学,培养学生对音乐的感受力、审美力、表现力及创造力,在感悟音乐中陶冶情操,是小学音乐教学追求的主要目标。     

音乐鉴赏课的资源整合及结构优化

<正>音乐是情感的艺术,是人类文明进程史上的精神财富。高中音乐教育的目的在于培养学生对音乐美的感受及感悟能力,提高学生的音乐鉴赏能力,并具有一定的音乐创造能力。所以,在短短的每周一节课时间内充分调动学生的积极性、挖掘学生及教师的潜力尤为重要。音乐教学不只是简单地教唱几首歌曲,更重要的是要给学生艺术美的熏陶和享受,打开学生通向音乐殿堂的大门。因此,教师根据大纲和学     

探究高中音乐教育教学的“合纵连横”

通过较为详细对我国高中音乐教育教学状况做出分析、研究,着重对深化教育体制改革,提升音乐教师专业化水准,探索新型音乐人才培养办法,创新高中音乐教学等进行阐述。把"横"向的音乐教育教学与"纵"向的音乐发展多元素整合,从而建立起新型、高效的立体化高中音乐教育教学体系,逐步推进我国高中音乐的不断发展。     

对新课程改革下音乐教学的几点思考

<正>新的课程改革为基础音乐教育带来了绿色的春天,它展现出一种崭新的理论思路。本着立足于学生的音乐学习方式的改革,关注学生创意与实践能力的培养,我们知道任何一种理念、观点的确立,都是对已有观点、模式的冲击与挑战。最新提出的新课标、新理念"主动、探究、合作"是对长期习惯于传统教学的音乐教师的巨大挑战。作为一名从事音乐教育工作十多年的教     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.