活性炭纤维填充床脱除工业废水中氯苯酚的实践

采用了活性炭纤维吸附法净化水中微量的氯苯酚。在25℃和35℃下，实验测定活性炭纤维吸附氯苯酚的吸附平衡等温线．该吸附等温线符合Langmuir型。水溶液的pH值将影响吸附容量。在碱性条件下吸附容量显著下降。这将有利于吸附剂的再生。测量氯苯酚在活性炭纤维填充床的穿透曲线．在5％突破点处的动态吸附容量为0．23kg(氯苯酚)／kg(活性炭纤维)在25℃下。采用40℃、5％NaOH溶液再生被氯苯酚饱和的活性炭纤维填充床。再生后吸附效率达93％以上。     

海带生物吸附含铜废水的试验

利用海带作为生物吸附材料对含Ｃｕ＾２＋废水处理进行了研究。０．２ｇ颗粒直径为０．１８～０．４２ｍｍ的海带粉末，在１００ｍＬ Ｃｕ＾２＋浓度为１００ｍｇ／Ｌ、ｐＨ为３．０～６．０溶液，吸附容量Ｑｍａｘ为４１．５～６０．０ｍｇ／ｇ，Ｃｕ＾２＋的去除率为８３．９％～８９．３％。ｐＨ值是影响吸附的主要因素，最佳吸附ｐＨ值为３．０～６．０。     

活性炭厌氧流化床处理含酚废水的机理

采用活性厌氧流化床处理含酚废水，当进水苯酚浓度为１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，酚，ＣＯＤＣＲ容积负荷为０．３９ｋｇ／ｍ＾３．ｄ，０．９８ｋｇ／ｍ＾３．ｄ时，酚、ＣＯＤＣ折去除率分别达到９９．９％，９６．４％。根据试验结果的分析，认为该工艺的主要机理是：通过活性炭载体的流态化，把活性炭对酚类物质的物理吸附作用与生物降解作用有机地结合起来，充分发挥了两方面的活性，有效地降解了酚类物质；同时载体的流态化也解决了气液     

有机膨润土吸附对硝基苯酚的性能及其在水处理中的应用初探

分别用溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）和氯化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＣ）改性膨润土，研究了制备有机膨润土的适宜条件及其对吸附对对硝基苯酚性能的影响。２５℃时，ＣＴＭＢ－膨润土和ＣＰＣ－膨润土对对硝基苯酚的饱和吸附量分别为４７５ｍｇ／ｇ，远大于原土的饱和吸附量（１２５ｍｇ／ｇ）。ｐＨ〉７时，有机膨润土吸附处理对硝基苯酚的去除率都在８５％以上，比原土的去除率（８．６％）大９倍，通过Ｘ－衍射、红外光谱分析、比     

玉米芯粉处理含汞废水的研究

通过模拟试验探讨了经活化后的玉米芯粉吸附汞的效果及其主要技术参数，结果表明，玉米芯粉对汞的吸附平衡时间为１００ｍｉｎ，最大吸附量为０．９８５ｍｇ／ｇ，工作吸附量（穿透点）为０．４００ｍｇ／ｇ，该吸附剂容易洗脱与再生，且使用寿命长，最佳洗脱液为０．１％的稀硝酸溶液，吸附剂使用２０次后，效果仍较好，二级吸附对泵的去除率高达９９．７５％，出水浓度为０．０２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，可以使含Ｈｇ＾２＋１０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ     

膨润土吸附剂对水中酚吸附性能研究

讨了用羟基铝、硫酸处理过的膨润土对水中酚的吸附性能．试验结果表明：酚径膨润土吸附剂吸附后，其去除率为７３．８８％，处理水再经活性炭吸附，酚去除率可达９９．８％、降至０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ以下．     

大气中苯乙烯的气相色谱法测定

采用活性炭管吸附大气中基苯乙烯，以二硫化碳洗脱，以溴水加成后，用气相色谱电子捕获器测定苯乙烯的二溴加成物。本方法适合于检测多种污染物共存的大气中痕量苯乙烯。其线性范围为０．０１５－０．７４ｎｇ，最低检出浓度为０．００１ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；重现性实验的变异系数为２．３％：当活性炭管吸附苯乙烯在２．９μｇ时，回收率为９０％，吸附苯乙烯０．２９μｇ时，回收率为７２％。     

不同类型土壤对SO42-吸附特性的研究

为了进一步探讨我国酸沉降对水陆生态环境的影响以及典型地区生态系统对酸沉降的缓冲能力和临界负荷值,笔者对赣、鄂、湘３省具有代表性的土壤的ＳＯ吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明,红壤,待别是江西省的红壤,吸附ＳＯ的能力最强,最大吸附量达１１．５２ｍｇ／ｇ士;其余依次为黄壤、棕红壤、黄褐壤和黄红壤,最大吸附量分别为１１．１４,８．８３,６．８６和６．５３ｍｇ／ｇ土;红色石灰壤对ＳＯ的吸附能力最弱,最大吸附量仅３．５５ｍｇ／ｇ土,只及红壤的３０．８％。可以预计,就地区而言,以红壤为主的江西省是我国对酿沉降最敏感的地区之一。     

一氧化碳基础吸附剂的筛选与优化

通过研究不同材质、不同前处理和不同粒度的活性炭成分子筛，在一定条件下对ＣＯ吸附量的差异，以及吸附碳性能，进行筛选和优化，得到对ＣＯ有较好附性能的基础吸附剂，并对其添加改性剂Ｂ进行改性，研究结果表明，改性后的活性炭（酸洗３２～３８日）吸附剂对ＣＯ的吸附量有显著提高，平衡吸附量为８４．０７ｍｇ／ｇ，提高率为７９．３％，可为研制新型防御ＣＯ滤毒剂提供依据。     

改性PAN基活性碳纤维的SO2吸附性能

为了探索提高聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）活性碳纤维（ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ）对ＳＯ２的吸附性能,采用加入不同的活性组分对自制的ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ进行改性;研究了ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ和经过不同改性后的ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ对ＳＯ２的吸附性能。取得性后活性碳纤维为改性前平衡吸附量４ ２倍以上;为活性炭的１０倍左右（ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ６２．９ｍｇ／ｇＡＣＦ,ＡＣＦ－ＰＡ（Ⅱ）１－４型１１３．６－１４３．７ｍｇ／ｇＡＣＦ,活性炭１４．９ｍｇ／ｇ     

颗粒活性炭对膜生物反应器脱氮性能的影响

为了考察投加颗粒活性炭(GAC)对膜生物反应器(MBR)运行过程和处理效果的影响,研究了MBR和GAC-MBR透膜压差、膜通量的变化情况和脱氮性能,并采用ASM1模型对2个反应器进行数学模拟.结果表明,MBR和GAC-MBR的运行周期分别为75,150h,说明GAC的加入能够显著减缓MBR膜污染的速度,延长MBR的运行周期.MBR和GAC-MBR氨氮浓度分别为0.5,6mg/L;硝氮浓度分别为4.5,2mg/L;总氮浓度分别为5,10mg/L,出水COD均低于20mg/L,出水能符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)》中的一级A标准.采用ASM1进行工艺数学模拟,模拟出水与实际测量值基本吻合,2个反应器中主要微生物为异养菌和氨氧化菌,异养菌在MBR和GAC-MBR中的质量分数分别为95.5%和97.7%;好氧氨氧化菌分别为4.4%和2.3%,说明投加颗粒活性炭能有效的缓解膜污染,并对污染物具有良好的处理效果.     

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon using a three-dimensional reactor

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) saturated with phenol was experimentally investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor with titanium filter electrode arrays. The feasibility of the electrochemical regeneration has been assessed by monitoring the regeneration efficiency and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The influence of the applied current, the effluent flow rate, and the effluent path of the electrochemical cell have been systematically studied. Under the optimum conditions, the regeneration efficiency of GAC could reach 94% in 2 hr, and no significant declination was observed after five-time continuous adsorption-regeneration cycles. The adsorption of organic pollutants was almost completely mineralized due to electrochemical oxidation, indicating that this regeneration process is much more potentially cost-effective for application.     

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon using a three-dimensional reactor

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) saturated with phenol was experimentally investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor with titanium filter electrode arrays. The feasibility of the electrochemical regeneration has been assessed by monitoring the regeneration efficiency and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The influence of the applied current, the effluent flow rate, and the effluent path of the electrochemical cell have been systematically studied. Under the optimum conditions, the regeneration efficiency of GAC could reach 94% in 2 hr, and no significant declination was observed after five-time continuous adsorption-regeneration cycles. The adsorption of organic pollutants was almost completely mineralized due to electrochemical oxidation, indicating that this regeneration process is much more potentially cost-effective for application.     

活性炭负载纳米TiO_2电催化氧化处理染料废水

用溶胶凝胶—动态吸附法制备颗粒活性炭(GAC)负载纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)催化剂,以甲基橙的脱色率为考察指标,研究TiO2/GAC电催化反应体系对甲基橙染料废水的电催化氧化性能。实验结果表明,在甲基橙废水pH为4,TiO2/GAC催化剂用量为0.5g,Fe2+浓度为250mg/L,电解电压为16V时,电催化氧化30min的条件下,甲基橙脱色率达99.2%,COD去除率达93.1%。     

Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

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微波辐照再生载苯酚活性炭的实验研究

在无载气、无预处理条件下,将载苯酚的饱和活性炭放入微波炉中再生.通过改变微波辐照功率、辐照时间、能量密度、活性炭处理量和活性炭再生次数,研究微波再生活性炭的效果及影响因素.结果表明,活性炭再生率随微波辐照功率、辐照时间和能量密度的增加而逐渐提高,且高微波辐照功率更有利于活性炭再生和能量利用.10 g饱和活性炭在700 W微波辐照功率下再生5 min,再生率为74%,而在300 W微波辐照功率下再生45 min,再生率可达96%;此外,活性炭再生量越大,能量利用率也越高.研究还表明,微波辐照能实现活性炭的反复多次再生,再生炭的吸附性能可部分或完全恢复.微波再生载苯酚活性炭过程中,部分苯酚随水分蒸发,大部分苯酚经高温裂解为CO₂,少部分裂解为链状有机物或缩合为环状有机物.      

Degradation kinetics and mechanism of trace nitrobenzene by granular activated carbon enhanced microwave/hydrogen peroxide system

The kinetics of the degradation of trace nitrobenzene (NB) by a granular activated carbon (GAC) enhanced microwave (MW)/hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) system was studied. Effects of pH, NB initial concentration and tert-butyl alcohol on the removal efficiency were examined. It was found that the reaction rate fits well to first-order reaction kinetics in the MW/GAC/H₂O₂ process. Moreover, GAC greatly enhanced the degradation rate of NB in water. Under a given condition (MW power 300 W, H₂O₂ dosage 10 mg/L, pH 6.85 and temperature (60±5)℃), the degradation rate of NB was 0.05214 min^-1 when 4 g/L GAC was added. In general, alkaline pH was better for NB degradation; however, the optimum pH was 8.0 in the tested pH value range of 4.0-12.0. At H₂O₂ dosage of 10 mg/L and GAC dosage of 4 g/L, the removal of NB was decreased with increasing initial concentrations of NB, indicating that a low initial concentration was beneficial for the degradation of NB. These results indicated that the MW/GAC/H₂O₂ process was effective for trace NB degradation in water. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that a hydroxyl radical addition reaction and dehydrogenation reaction enhanced NB degradation.     

溴酸根在颗粒活性炭上的还原

小试研究了溶液中溴酸根在颗粒活性炭上还原与溴离子生成的过程,考察pH、离子强度、温度和初始浓度对该过程的影响.结果表明,活性炭对溴酸根的去除性能与表面碱性官能团有一定相关性.其它阴离子对吸附/还原过程有阻碍作用,实验中影响顺序为ＮＯ^-₃>SO^２－₄ > Cl^-.溴酸根的吸附与溴离子的生成可分别用拟二级速率方程和粒子内扩散模型进行模拟,绝大部分相关系数在0.97以上.低pH和低离子强度有利于溴酸根的吸附与还原.15～42℃范围内吸附与还原速率随温度提高先降低后升高.实验中活性炭对溴酸根的最大吸附容量可达到769.23 μmol/g（98.4 mg/g）,但反应较慢且易受干扰.推测活性炭表面微孔部分对溴酸根的吸附也受到溴离子释放的阻碍.     

Removal of airborne microorganisms emitted from a wastewater treatment oxidation ditch by adsorption on activated carbon

Bioaerosol emissions from wastewater and wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. Most previous work has focused on the evaluation of their biological risks. In this study, however, the adsorption method was applied to reduce airborne microorganisms generated from a pilot scale wastewater treatment facility with oxidation ditch. Results showed adsorption on granule activated carbon (GAC) was an e cient method for the purification of airborne microorganisms. The GAC itself had a maximum adsorption capacity of 2217 CFU/g for airborne bacteria and 225 CFU/g for fungi with a flow rate of 1.50 m3/hr. Over 85% of airborne bacteria and fungi emitted from the oxidation ditch were adsorbed within 80 hr of continuous operation mode. Most of them had a particle size of 0.65–4.7 m. Those airborne microorganisms with small particle size were apt to be adsorbed. The SEM/EDAX, BET and Boehm’s titration methods were applied to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of the GAC. Relationships between GAC surface characteristics and its adsorption performance demonstrated that porous structure, large surface area, and hydrophobicity rendered GAC an e ective absorber of airborne microorganisms. Two regenerate methods, ultraviolet irradiation and high pressure vapor, were compared for the regeneration of used activated carbon. High pressure vapor was an e ective technique as it totally destroyed the microorganisms adhered to the activated carbon. Microscopic observation was also carried out to investigate original and used adsorbents.     

Adsorption kinetics of the herbicide safeners, benoxacor and furilazole, to activated carbon and agricultural soils

Chloroacetamide herbicides, namely acetochlor and metolachlor, are common herbicides used on corn and soybean fields. Dichloroacetamide safeners, namely benoxacor and furilazole, are commonly used in formulations containing chloroacetamide herbicides. Extensive reports on adsorption of chloroacetamide herbicides are available, yet little information exists regarding adsorption potential of co-applied safeners. Herein, the adsorption and desorption characteristics of selected herbicide safeners to granular activated carbon (GAC) and in agricultural soils are reported. Further, soil column studies were performed to understand the leaching behaviour of the herbicide Dual II Magnum. Equilibrium sorption experiments of safeners to three agricultural soils and one GAC showed that adsorption was best fitted by the Freundlich isotherm. The Freundlich adsorption constant, K_f, for benoxacor and furilazole sorption onto three agricultural soils ranged from 0.1 to 0.27 and 0.1 to 0.13 (mg/g) × (mg/L)?(1/n), respectively. The K_f for benoxacor and furilazole to GAC was 6.4 and 3.4 (mg/g) × (mg/L)?(1/n), respectively, suggesting more favorable sorption of benoxacor to GAC than furilazole to GAC. The sorption to soils was reversible as almost 40%–90% of both safeners was desorbed from three soils. These results were validated in four replicated soil column studies, where S-metolachlor was shown to leach similarly to the safener benoxacor, originating from the herbicide formulation. The leaching of S-metolachlor and benoxacor was influenced by soil texture. Cumulatively, these results show that safeners will move through the environment to surface waters similarly to the active ingredients in herbicides, but may be removed during drinking water treatment via GAC.