Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 1: Concentrations in alligators harvested for consumption during South Carolina public hunts

Environmental contamination resulting from the production or release of harmful chemicals can lead to negative consequences for wildlife and human health. Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) were historically produced as protective coatings for many household items and currently persist in the environment, wildlife, and humans. PFAAs have been linked to immune suppression, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity in wildlife and laboratory studies. This study examines the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, as an important indicator of ecosystem contamination and a potential pathway for PFAA exposure in humans. Alligator meat harvested in the 2015 South Carolina (SC) public hunt season and prepared for human consumption was collected and analyzed for PFAAs to determine meat concentrations and relationships with animal body size (total length), sex, and location of harvest. Of the 15 PFAAs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was found in all alligator meat samples and at the highest concentrations (median 6.73 ng/g). No relationship was found between PFAA concentrations and total length or sex. Concentrations of one or all compounds varied significantly across sampling locations, with alligators harvested in the Middle Coastal hunt unit having the highest PFOS concentrations (median 16.0 ng/g; p = 0.0001). Alligators harvested specifically from Berkley County, SC (located in the Middle Coastal hunt unit) had the highest PFOS concentrations and the greatest number of PFAAs detected (p < 0.0001). The site-specific nature of PFAA concentrations in alligator meat observed in this study suggests a source of PFAA contamination in Berkley County, SC.     

Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 2: Potential dietary exposure of South Carolina hunters from recreationally harvested alligator meat

Exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) has been linked to many harmful health effects including reproductive disorders, developmental delays, and altered liver and kidney function. Most human exposure to environmental contaminants, including PFAAs, occurs through consumption of contaminated food or drinking water. This study uses PFAA data from meat samples collected from recreationally harvested American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in South Carolina to assess potential dietary exposure of hunters and their families to PFAAs. Consumption patterns were investigated using intercept surveys of 23 hunters at a wild game meat processor. An exposure scenario using the average consumption frequency, portion size, and median perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentration in alligator meat from all hunt units found the daily dietary exposure to be 2.11 ng/kg body weight per day for an adult human. Dietary PFOS exposure scenarios based on location of harvest suggested the highest daily exposure occurs with alligator meat from the Middle Coastal hunt unit in South Carolina. Although no samples were found to exceed the recommended threshold for no consumption of PFOS found in Minnesota state guidelines, exposure to a mixture of PFAAs found in alligator meat and site-specific exposures based on harvest location should be considered in determining an appropriate guideline for vulnerable populations potentially exposed to PFAAs through consumption of wild alligator meat.     

Inhibition effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on progesterone production in mLTC-1

Perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are a class of fluorine substituted carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid and alcohol, structurally similar to their corresponding parent compounds. Previous study demonstrated the potential endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid, two dominant PFASs in animals and humans. We explored the relationship between eleven perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)with different carbon chain length and their ability to inhibit progesterone production in mouse Leydig tumor cells(m LTC-1). We found an obvious dose–response relationship between progesterone inhibition rate and PFAA exposure concentration in m LTC-1. The relative inhibition rate of progesterone by PFAAs was linearly related to the carbon chain length and molar refractivity of PFAAs. Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) decreased after PFAA exposure at the half-maximal inhibitory effect concentration(IC_(50)) of progesterone production in m LTC-1, while the reactive oxygen species(ROS) content increased significantly. These results imply that the inhibition effect of PFAAs on progesterone production might be due, in part, to ROS damage and the decrease in MMP in m LTC-1.     

多溴联苯醚在桂花鱼体内的分布

使用 GC-MS-NCI检测方法对持久性有机污染物多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的同系物BDE28,47,66,85,99,100,138,153,154,183,209 在桂花鱼体内的含量及分布进行了研究．结果表明,Σ₁₀ PBDEs（不包括BDE209）在肾脏中含量最高,肌肉中含量最低,其干重平均值分别为5.71 ng·g^-1 和0.95 ng·g^-1．Σ₁₀ PBDEs在肾脏、鱼鳔、肝脏、鱼鳃、生殖腺、鱼皮、肠胃和肌肉中的干重含量分别为3.04～12.8、0.81～6.90、1.28～8.87、0.09～6.36、1.05～5.73、0.022～5.06、0.69～5.98和0.14～2.61 ng·g^-1．Σ₁₀ PBDEs在各组织和器官的含量顺序为: 肾脏、鱼鳔、肝脏> 鱼鳃、生殖腺> 肠胃、肌肉、鱼皮．桂花鱼体所含低溴取代 PBDEs 以 BDE47 为主要同系物,所占丰度为35.7%～65.6%．十溴取代物 BDE209 在所有样品中检出率为 45.2%,其中在肾脏和生殖腺中含量较高．研究表明,PBDEs 由摄食、呼吸2种主要途径进入桂花鱼体内,易富集在肝脏、鱼鳔、鱼鳃等脂肪含量较高的组织和器官中．     

有机氯农药在东方白鹳组织里的浓度

对越冬迁徙期间中途停留在天津北大港的野生鸟类-东方白鹳（Ciconia boyciana）体内肌肉、肝脏、心脏、胃和脾中∑OCPs浓度进行了检测.各组织中检出的∑OCPs平均浓度（浓度范围,以脂重计）在心脏中最高,为955.30ng/g（88.65～4102.577ng/g）,次之为肝脏,平均浓度为465.55ng/g（37.96～1476.17ng/g）,再次之为胃、脾和肌肉,浓度分别为251.64ng/g（102.88～354.61ng/g）、176.5ng/g（158.72～194.50ng/g）和143.96ng/g（10.90～800.51ng/g）.在肝脏和心脏中∑DDTs和浓度高于∑HCHs,在其它组织中则相反.与其它研究相比,本研究所检测鸟体内有机氯浓度较低,表明这批东方白鹳并尚未受到环境中OCPs的严重污染.     

全球主要森林系统中植被汞分布特征及其影响因素

基于过去20a全球森林植被中汞循环过程的相关研究,本文通过荟萃分析法阐明全球主要森林类型中植被汞分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明,汞在植被中浓度排序特征(以中值计)依次为凋落物(38.9ng/g )>叶片(24.1ng/g)>树根(18.5ng/g)>树皮(13.2ng/g)>树枝(12.0ng/g)>树干(3.1ng/g).其中,凋落物与叶片汞浓度具有极显著相关性(rho=0.747,P<0.01,rho spearman相关系数,且与样本数量N有关,下同);叶片与树干具有显著相关性 (rho=0.265,P<0.05);而其余组织间无相关性(P>0.05).上述的相关性主要受控于植被叶片吸收大气零价汞,从叶片由上而下传输到树木木质部的过程.其次,常绿阔叶林的叶片汞浓度(中值:56.0ng/g,下同)高于针叶林(25.5ng/g)、阔叶落叶林(23.0ng/g)和红树林(18.6ng/g).这是由于在气孔导度、气孔数量、叶面积与叶寿命等因素综合影响下,常绿阔叶林叶片汞富集的能力最强.地区间植被汞浓度差异明显(如叶片汞浓度变化区间:0.90~225ng/g),其最主要原因是地区间植被类型与大气汞浓度差异引起的.本研究为进一步量化全球森林植被汞储库与认识全球森林系统汞循环提供了重要的基础数据与基本认识.     

洱海表层沉积物与鱼体中四溴双酚A的环境暴露水平

应用UPLC-MS-MS,对洱海表层沉积物和5种鱼类(白鲢、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、白条鱼和太湖短吻银鱼)样品中TBBPA(四溴双酚A)的质量分数进行了测定. 结果表明,洱海表层沉积物中w(TBBPA) (以干质量计,下同)为21.06~52.72ng/g,平均值为37.72ng/g,呈西部、南部和北部湖区明显高于中部和东部湖区的分布特征,其分布受所处区域的经济发展水平和生活生产状态等影响. 白鲢、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、白条鱼和太湖短吻银鱼肌肉中w(TBBPA)平均值分别为13.53、8.20、8.86、7.55和10.87ng/g,w(TBBPA)与鱼的体长度特征无关,可能与鱼类的食性、所处营养级有关. 在鱼体的内脏器官中,肾脏中w(TBBPA)最高,平均值为7.64ng/g;其次为鳃和肝脏,分别为7.07和5.68ng/g;卵巢和精巢中没有检测到TBBPA的存在. 与国内其他地区相比,洱海表层沉积物中w(TBBPA)呈较低水平,鱼体中w(TBBPA)为中等水平.      

有机氯农药和多溴联苯醚在白洋淀鸭子组织中分布特征研究

利用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)方法定量分析了白洋淀鸭子肌肉、肝脏、脑组织中HCHs、DDTs和PBDEs的分布特征.结果表明,3种组织中HCHs和DDTs的含量范围分别为0.9～5.0 ng/g(以湿重计,下同)和0.3～2.8 ng/g,而PBDEs的含量范围是0.03～0.65 ng/g.统计分析鸭子不同组织中持久性卤代烃的含量差异,结果显示,DDTs和PBDEs的含量水平有较大差异(p0.05);而HCHs在3种组织中的含量差异不明显(p0.05).肝脏中DDTs和PBDEs的平均含量较高,分别为2.3和0.37 ng/g.在HCHs和DDTs同系物(代谢物)组成中,β-HCH在肝脏和脑组织中占主要地位,p,p′-DDE是DDTs的主要代谢产物;在PBDEs同系物中,BDE47和BDE99是鸭子组织中主要的组成部分.鸭子不同组织中HCHs、DDTs和PBDEs的组成模式反映了白洋淀仍然受到历史残留的有机氯农药污染;同时,来自白洋淀上游的工业污染很可能输入新型持久性有机污染物(PBDEs).     

氯咪巴唑在鱼体的富集和代谢动力学

选取中国南方地区典型生物尼罗罗非鱼作为受试生物,将其置于氯咪巴唑含量为2.00ng/mL的水体中暴露7d,考察氯咪巴唑在罗非鱼体内不同部位（鳃、肝脏、胆汁和血浆）的吸收和清除动力学过程,比较了氯咪巴唑在鱼体内不同部位的吸收和清除动力学速率.罗非鱼暴露于氯咪巴唑水溶液3d后,鱼体鳃、肝脏、胆汁和血浆中的氯咪巴唑达到最高浓度,分别为2.91ng/g,33.7ng/g,4.84ng/mL和2.58ng/mL;结束暴露3d后,氯咪巴唑在鳃、胆汁和血浆中的稳定浓度低于方法检测限,在肝脏中的稳定浓度为1.28ng/g.鱼体鳃、肝脏、胆汁和血浆中氯咪巴唑的吸收动力学常数k_u分别为0.069,0.813,0.286和0.136h^-1;清除动力学常数k_e分别为0.033,0.029,0.082和0.060h^-1;半衰期t_1/2分别为21.1,23.9,8.51和11.6h.氯咪巴唑在罗非鱼体内的吸收/清除动力学过程均符合伪一级动力学方程,方程的相关系数r²范围为0.75~0.98.氯咪巴唑在鱼体鳃、肝脏、胆汁和血浆中的稳态生物富集系数对数值logBCF_ss分别为0.50,1.56,0.72和0.45,低于氯咪巴唑在野生罗非鱼体内的富集系数.     

Distribution of persistent organochlorine pesticides in tissue/organ of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from Guanting Reservoir, China

The concentration of organochlorine pesticides（OCPs） in tissues and organs of silver carp（Hypophthalmichthys mofitrix） from Guanting Reservoir were investigated to evaluate the pollution potential and distribution of OCPs. A total of 16 OCPs were measured and the concentrations were in the range of 1.61-69.01 ng/g wet weight（ww） for total OCPs, 0.16- 0.75 ng/g ww for HCB. 0.75 -26.80 ng/g ww for SHCH（sum of α-,β-, γ- and δ-HCH） and 0.68-35.94 ng/g ww for SDDT（ sum of p, p＇-DDE, p, p＇-DDD, o, p＇-DDT and p, p＇- DDT）. The mean concentrations of total OCPs, HCB, ∑HCH, and ∑DDT were 18.04, 0.96, 7.14 and 9.28 ng/g ww, respectively. Among the organochlorine pesticides, β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE were the most dominant compounds in tissue and organ with the average concentrations of 4.42 and 8.14 ng/g, respectively. The results obtained in this study show that the levels of 16 OCP residues found in silver carps are low and pose no threat to human health and wildlife fed upon them on the basis of existing related quality guidelines. However, recent input of lindane and DDT might still exist in the area investigated and further investigation should be carried on.     

城市水环境PFAAs前驱体污染特征及健康风险

为揭示城市水环境中前驱体对全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）输入特征、分布格局及健康风险的影响,对南京城市污水处理厂出水、河流、湖泊、长江饮用水源地等水体进行了考察.利用HPLC-MS/MS及总可氧化前驱体法（TOP Assay）分析了17种PFAAs与其总可氧化前驱体的污染特征,并通过推演耐受剂量评估了饮水途径的健康风险商（HQ）.结果表明,污水处理厂出水中PFAAs浓度90.6~278ng/L,主要单体PFBS、PFHxA、PFOA占总浓度的63%;总可氧化前驱体浓度239~839pmol/L,PFBA前驱体含量最高.城市地表水中PFAAs浓度61.8~157ng/L,总可氧化前驱体浓度195~572pmol/L,PFBA、PFPeA、PFHxA 3种全氟羧酸的前驱体含量最高,城市河流流经人口密集区后,PFAAs赋存浓度有所上升,但总可氧化前驱体浓度下降.饮用水源地中PFAAs浓度50.9~54.6ng/L,总可氧化前驱体浓度273~372pmol/L,以PFBA、PFPeA和PFHxA 3种全氟羧酸的前驱体为主.相对高风险来源于PFOS的免疫毒性（HQ=0.024）以及PFOA的发育毒性（HQ=0.0073）和生殖毒性（HQ=0.0039）,可氧化前驱体转化可能将二者潜在风险提高23%和40%.水环境中广泛赋存的前驱体可能增加PFAAs的环境暴露及健康风险.     

北京市场淡水鱼中七氯和环氧七氯含量及分布

测定了北京市场上4种淡水鱼(草鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼和鳙鱼)的不同器官或组织(鱼脑、鱼泡、肝脏和肌肉)中w(七氯)和w(环氧七氯),分析了其分布特征及人体暴露健康风险. 结果表明:①w(七氯)平均值为(0.09±0.14) ng/g,范围为nd～0.82　ng/g;w(环氧七氯)平均值为(0.02±0.02) ng/g,范围为nd～0.14　ng/g,比国内外相关文献的研究结果的量级低. ②不同鱼种间w(七氯)和w(环氧七氯)均无显著差异;不同器官或组织间,鱼泡中w(七氯)显著高于鱼脑、肝脏和肌肉,w(环氧七氯)在四者间无显著差异. ③经对数变换,w(七氯)和w(环氧七氯)与脂含量有一定的相关性. ④鱼体中w(七氯)远低于联合国粮食与农业组织、世界卫生组织(1993)规定的浓度要求,食用时存在较小的健康风险.      

Upper Yellow River air concentrations of organochlorine pesticides estimated from tree bark, and their relationship with socioeconomic indices

Organochlorine pesticide(OCP) concentrations in tree bark from the upper Yellow River region were determined. Total OCP concentrations ranged from 2.7 to 82 ng/g dw, with a mean of 20 ng/g dw. Concentrations of total(Σ) DDTs(0.49–37 ng/g dw), HCHs(0.55–4.5 ng/g dw), and HCB(0.1–1.0 ng/g dw) were much higher than the other OCPs and accounted for 89% of the ΣOCP concentrations. p,p′-DDT was the dominant member of the DDT pesticide group and-HCH was the dominant HCH isomer. The p,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDE and-HCH/-HCH ratios suggested that there were recent DDT and-HCH releases. OCP concentrations in the air were estimated from the tree bark, and the estimated median ΣDDTs, ΣHCHs, and HCB concentrations in the air were 0.09, 0.14, and 0.024 pg/m3, respectively. The relationship between total OCP concentrations and socioeconomic and natural environment indices were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis, and a regression equation including all these factors was obtained. Population density and tertiary industry were the two dominant factors that appeared to affect OCP concentrations in the upper Yellow River region.     

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in matched human serum, urine, hair and nail

The purpose of this study was to determine perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) in human serum, urine, hair and nail from general populations, and to investigate the possibility for human urine, hair and nail used as the biomonitoring sample for PFASs exposure. We detected the concentrations of PFHx A, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUn DA, PFDo A, PFHx S and PFOS in 39 matched human serum, urine, hair and nail samples from Shenzhen in China. The detection frequency and the median level of PFOS were all higher than that of the other PFASs in four matrices. The median concentration of PFOS in serum, urine, hair, and nail were 9.24 ng/mL, 13.96 ng/L, 0.58 ng/g and 0.63 ng/g, respectively. The results of spearman correlation test indicated that nail was an ideal matrix for biomonitoring PFOS rather than human urine and hair in general populations for the non-invasive sampling.     

Levels, distributions, and sources of legacy and novel per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the topsoil of Tianjin, China

Soil is a major sink for per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), wherein PFAS may be transferred through the food chain to predators at upper trophic levels, which poses a threat to human health. Herein, the concentrations and distributions of legacy and novel PFAS in topsoil samples from different functional areas in Tianjin were comprehensively investigated. Seventeen PFAS congeners were identified, with concentrations ranging from 0.21 ng/g to 5.35 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 1.25 ng/g. The main PFAS in the topsoil was perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA; <MDL–1.95 ng/g, mean 0.11 ng/g), as an emerging substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), was also detected in the topsoil. It showed slightly higher concentrations than PFOS (<MDL–1.62 ng/g, mean 0.10 ng/g), indicating it has gradually replaced legacy PFOS in this area. Based on the positive-definite matrix factor (PMF) receptor model, the major PFAS sources was dominated by textile treatment, metal electroplating plants, and some potential precursors of PFAS with longer chains (>C8) were the major sources (43.4%), followed by food packaging as well as coating materials (25.5%). In addition, Spearman correlation analysis and the structural equation model showed that population density significantly impacted the PFAS distribution in the topsoil of Tianjin.     

黄河源区鄂陵湖中多环芳烃的百年沉积记录

为研究黄河源区多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染历史,于2016年7月在鄂陵湖中采集了沉积物柱芯,采用²¹⁰Pb定年,利用气相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱仪（GC-MS/MS）分析了16种PAHs,运用有序聚类分析对PAHs的垂向分布进行分带,并采取主成分分析及多元线性回归定量分析了PAHs的来源.结果表明,鄂陵湖沉积柱的沉积速率为0.176cm/a,慢于青藏高原多数湖泊.总PAHs的含量为11.3~54.7ng/g,平均值为29.2ng/g,与其他高原和偏远地区湖泊沉积物相比,处于较低水平,可被视为PAHs的全球沉积物背景值.PAHs的垂向变化分为1948年以前、1948~1976和1976~2016年3个时间段,5~6环PAHs在1948~2016年间呈上升趋势,与青海省人口及大型牲畜数量显著相关,反映了鄂陵湖地区近70a来的人类活动以农牧业为主.PAHs来源分为本地源（23%）以及长距离迁移与本地混合源（77%）.本地源的垂向变化与5~6环PAHs一致,代表了青藏高原地区以牛粪饼为主要燃料的生物质燃烧源.     

黄海近岸表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs与酞酸酯的地理分布

依据第二次全国海洋污染基线调查数据,考察黄海近岸表层沉积物中PAEs、DDTs和PCBs污染物的地理分布、组成特征,并基于相应的沉积物质量警戒水平,进行初步的生态风险评价.结果表明,黄海近岸海区PAEs的高值站点集中在大连湾(1389.8 ng/g)和旅顺(1928.0 ng/g)周边海域,已超出相应的警戒水平,各海区主要组分为二丁基和2-乙基己基酞酸酯.黄海近岸海区只有大连湾出口海域沉积物中PCBs浓度(24.2 ng/g)稍高于ERL警戒水平(22.7ng/g);而超过ERL警戒水平(1.58ng/g)的DDTs较高浓度站点则主要位于大连湾(6.3～7.6 ng/g)、烟台-威海近岸(4.5～10.3 ng/g)、胶州湾(5.5～21.2 ng/g)和海州湾(27.4～62.9 ng/g)近海区域,其中海州湾一站点沉积物浓度甚至超过ERM警戒水平(46.1 ng/g).DDTs组成分析显示,p,p′-DDT的代谢产物主要是p,p′-DDD;在大连湾、威海、胶州湾和海州湾近岸海区以及山东半岛东部外海仍存在有DDT的输入,其来源可能是工业三氯杀螨醇和/或工业DDT产品.这些海区表层沉积物存在一定的生态风险,尤其是海州湾的个别站点,潜在生态风险更高.     

福建武夷山北段土壤中有机氯农药的残留及空间分布

于2009年3月采集福建武夷山北段106个表层土壤样品,并用气相色谱(GC-ECD)内标法分析其有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量,探讨了研究区土壤中OCPs的残留水平、空间分布及来源.结果表明,该区土壤中HCHs及DDTs的异构体或衍生物的检出率在82.1%~100%之间,土壤中HCHs、DDTs的检出率高达100%.HCHs和DDTs含量范围(平均值)分别为1.05~25.07ng/g(3.98ng/g),0.01~107.99ng/g(7.48ng/g).通过与南极、西藏地区等地区土壤含量比较,该地区土壤中OCPs含量属于低污染区.不同土地利用类型中,土壤中总OCPs含量排序为:水田>蔬菜地>林地.来源分析表明该地区HCHs污染主要来源于历史使用,而DDTs近年来仍有输入,这可能与DDT的替代品-三氯杀螨醇的使用有关.     

洪湖湿地水鸟肝脏中有机氯农药的分布

对我国中部地区洪湖湿地6种水鸟肝脏中20种有机氯农药进行了测量.发现DDTs是最主要的OCPs,约占总OCPs的38.3%~93.0%,其平均含量范围为2.74~121.72ng/g 湿重.HCHs和DDTs的富集形态说明洪湖湿地这些有机氯农药主要来源于历史残留.不同水鸟肝脏中∑OCPs含量差异显著(P<0.01),表现为白鹭和池鹭体内OCPs含量(37.91~137.22ng/g 湿重)要远高于其他水鸟(5.00~21.49ng/g 湿重),这种差异的产生主要与其饮食习性有关.大多数水鸟HCHs性别间基本无差异;但白鹭、池鹭雄性水鸟中总OCPs平均含量(白鹭: 136.90ng/g 湿重; 池鹭: 52.41ng/g 湿重)高于雌性水鸟(白鹭: 126.60ng/g 湿重; 池鹭: 49.78ng/g 湿重).与已有研究相比,洪湖湿地水鸟体内OCPs含量处于较低水平.风险评价结果表明研究区水鸟肝脏中OCPs含量不会对该地区水鸟种群产生不利效应.     

钢铁工业区附近农田蔬菜PAHs的浓度水平及分布

分析了钢铁工业区附近农田蔬菜的PAHs污染状况,发现8种蔬菜可食用部分的15种PAHs总浓度为227.1～1?533.2 ng/g,平均为759.1 ng/g,8种可疑致癌多环芳烃(BaA、Chr、BbF、BkF、BaP、DahA、BghiP、IcdP)的总浓度为7.1～231.2 ng/g,平均达70.6 ng/g.蔬菜可食用部分PAHs的含量为叶菜类>果菜类>肉质根茎类.果菜类和根茎类蔬菜可食用部分的PAHs大多富集在果（根）皮上,皮中PAHs浓度约为肉中的3倍.植物积累PAHs的能力与其脂肪含量呈正相关,脂肪含量对叶片吸收亲脂性高的化合物影响较大,而对根部吸收的影响则相反.脂肪含量相近时,表面粗糙或具有细密绒毛的叶片富集PAHs的能力较强,须根系根吸收PAHs的能力比直根系根强.