异质结型SnO2-TiO2纳米纤维光催化降解柴油机多环芳烃

采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了SnO_2-TiO_2纳米纤维,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)和紫外-可见光谱能谱仪(UV-Vis),表征了SnO_2-TiO_2纳米纤维相组成和微观形貌,评价了催化剂表面化学形态和吸光特性,研究了SnO_2含量、光源条件、温度和催化稳定性对降解萘污染物的影响规律.结果表明,催化剂Sn25对萘降解效率最高.在暗光、可见光和紫外光条件下,萘降解效率分别为13.8%、37%和98%.Sn25对萘降解稳定率(标准差率)为0.36%.利用催化剂Sn25对柴油机尾气中多环芳烃(PAHs)排放污染物光催化降解应用发现,Sn25对低苯环PAHs、中苯环PAHs和高苯环PAHs的平均催化降解效率分别为80.2%、75.4%和60.2%.表明SnO_2-TiO_2纳米纤维具有较强光催化降解多环芳烃污染物能力.     

MoS2/g-C3N4纳米纤维光催化降解柴油机苯系排放污染物

采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了MoS_2/g-C_3N_4纳米纤维,采用XRD、FTIR、XPS、UV-Vis和Raman等光谱分析技术表征了催化剂相组成和微观形貌,评价了催化剂表面化学形态和吸光特性,探讨了催化剂对甲苯的光催化降解机理,研究了MoS_2含量、光源条件、温度和催化稳定性对降解甲苯的影响规律.结果表明,在MoS_2/g-C_3N_4中掺杂适宜的MoS_2有助于提高催化剂活性,改善催化剂比表面积和孔容积.在可见光条件下,催化剂(10%MoS_2)对甲苯的降解率为90.24%.由汽车尾气中苯系污染物光催化降解应用可知,在柴油机转速为2000 r·min~(-1),油门开度(负荷)分别为25%、50%、75%和100%的条件下,10%MoS_2对苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的平均降解率分别为88.12%、90.03%、86.25%、87.12%、87.07%和87.23%,表明MoS_2/g-C_3N_4纳米纤维具有较强的光催化降解苯系物能力.     

纳米TiO2光催化降解海洋石油污染

以紫外灯为光源,考察了自制纳米TiO2在TiO2/H2O2光催化体系中降解海洋石油污染的效率.研究光催化降解催化剂用量、溶液pH值、污染物浓度以及催化时间等因素对光催化降解海洋石油污染的影响。结果表明,纳米TiO2/H2O2光催化体系能有效降解海洋石油污染,且比单独使用纳米TiO2光催化效果好,纳米TiO2光催化/H2O2体系中由于在紫外光的照射下H2O2分解为大量的.OH从而使得降解效率在短时间内大大提高。优化的光催化降解条件为:降解1 L油污染海水的催化剂用量为10 mg、油污染海水的初始浓度为120 mg/L、催化时间为30 min,当pH=6～7时,加入H2O2的体积(质量浓度为60%)为10 mL,油污染海水的降解率可达98.12%。     

Ce-TiO_2/ACF型催化剂低温降解柴油机醛酮的研究

介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备负载于活性炭纤维的Ce掺杂TiO2催化剂工艺流程;利用TiO2光催化和ACF吸附的协调技术,分析了表征参数、Ce掺杂量、煅烧条件、光照条件、负载次数和重复使用性等因素对降解醛酮污染物的影响。采用液相色谱技术,对生物柴油发动机尾气中的醛酮污染物进行了采样和分析。结果表明:Ce与TiO2的最佳物质的量比为0.25,最佳煅烧温度为400℃,煅烧时间为4.0 h,醛酮最大降解效率为90%,优化后的Ce-TiO2/ACF型催化剂光催化性能好,具有较强的低温降解生物柴油发动机尾气中醛酮污染物的能力。     

酞菁-二氧化钛光催化剂的制备及其光催化降解效果

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备酞菁-TiO2光催化剂,并分别掺杂铁、铜、钴、镍元素。酞菁作为光敏化剂,提高TiO2在可见光下对有机染料的降解效果。采用SEM对催化剂进行表征,研究在可见光下酞菁-TiO2光催化剂对5种有机染料(甲基橙、甲基红、甲酚紫、亚甲基蓝和孔雀石绿)的降解效果,结果表明,酞菁铁-TiO2,酞菁钴-TiO2,酞菁铜-TiO2,酞菁镍-TiO2均能有效降解这几种有机染料,光催化反应300 min后降解率达92%。比较4种催化剂对甲基橙的降解率,酞菁钴-TiO2催化剂降解效果最明显,以下是酞菁铁、酞菁镍和酞菁铜-TiO2催化剂。     

改性TiO2的制备、表征及光解水制氢性能研究

以陶粒为载体,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备B、Ni共掺杂陶粒负载纳米TiO2光催化剂。利用XRD,TG-DTA,FT-IR等手段对其组成、结构等进行分析和表征。以250 W紫外灯为光源,三乙胺为目标污染物和电子给体,考察了B-Ni2O3-TiO2/陶粒合成体降解污染物耦合光解水制氢的光催化性能;结果表明：所制得的B-Ni2O3-TiO2/陶粒催化剂具有较高的产氢效率,并探讨了焙烧温度、三乙胺溶液初始浓度等对催化剂光催化活性的影响。     

UV185+254nm辐照下MnOx-TiO2分解甲醛与臭氧的机理

为提高185nm真空紫外光下甲醛与副产物臭氧的分解效率,以MnOx-TiO2复合催化剂取代TiO2光催化剂,发现甲醛与臭氧的转化率分别从44.7%和38.7%提高到77.5%和96.8%.研究比较了真空紫外光下和暗态下(加臭氧)甲醛与臭氧在MnOx-TiO2催化剂上的分解性能,及UV254nm下光催化分解甲醛的效率.结果表明,真空紫外光下气相活性氧物种的氧化与MnOx表面的臭氧催化氧化过程是甲醛分解的主要途径,而MnOx-TiO2上光催化氧化甲醛效率很低;副产物臭氧主要于MnOx表面活性位上由热催化分解.用真空紫外光辐照MnOx-TiO2催化剂,可提高MnOx催化分解臭氧的稳定性.     

纳米TiO2对气相中甲醛光催化降解的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂金属离子的纳米TiO₂光催化剂,运用透射电镜和X射线衍射手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并将制备的光催化剂负载于不锈钢丝网、玻璃弹簧和泡沫镍板3种不同载体上,以室内空气典型污染物甲醛气体为模型反应物,研究了3种不同改性纳米TiO₂光催化剂对甲醛气体的光催化作用,3种光催化反应器的催化效率以及环境因素对光催化效率的影响,同时考察了催化剂的失活特征.结果表明:该负载型纳米TiO₂光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,其中掺镧1.5%(质量分数)的TiO₂对甲醛的降解率最高,60 min达到91.5%,大于掺铁和掺银;泡沫镍板作为负载载体的光催化效率大于玻璃弹簧和不锈钢丝网;循环风量和不同波长紫外光对该光催化反应影响不大,反应中催化剂存在失活现象,但在清洁后能够恢复.      

纳米Au/TiO2薄膜真空紫外光催化降解甲醛

为提高真空紫外光催化对甲醛的去除率并降低副产物O3的浓度,采用低温吸附法在TiO2薄膜上负载纳米Au.研究比较了UV254nm光催化(TiO2/UV)、真空紫外光降解(VUV)、真空紫外光催化(TiO2/VUV)等3种方法对低浓度甲醛的降解效果.结果表明,TiO2/VUV对甲醛的去除率显著高于VUV和TiO2/UV.TiO2表面负载纳米Au粒子能促进光生电子和空穴的分离.因此,在真空紫外光催化降解过程中, Au/TiO2不仅提高甲醛的降解率,还显著分解副产物臭氧,使尾气臭氧浓度降低32%.而且Au/TiO2薄膜在真空紫外光催化过程中具有很好的稳定性.     

B／Y^3＋共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂的制备及其降解甲醛的光催化性能评价

为了提高室内环境空气质量,本论文开展了光催化剂制备的研究。本论文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备B／Y^3＋共掺杂TiO2复合光催化材料,以甲醛为降解物质,在紫外和可见光下分别研究了复合催化剂的光催化活性,对不同掺杂对光催化活性的影响、光催化剂的稳定性进行了分析。B／Y^3＋共掺杂TiO2复合光催化材料大大提高了催化剂的活性,对甲醛降解有较高的效率。     

Effect of Ce doping of TiO2 support on NH3-SCR activity over V2O5-WO3/CeO2-TiO2 catalyst

CeO2–TiO2composite supports with different Ce/Ti molar ratios were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method, and V2O5–WO3/CeO2–TiO2catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction（SCR） of NOx with NH3 were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were characterized by means of BET, XRD, UV–Vis,Raman and XPS techniques. The results showed that the catalytic activity of V2O5–WO3/TiO2 was greatly enhanced by Ce doping（molar ratio of Ce/Ti = 1/10） in the TiO2 support.The catalysts that were predominantly anatase TiO2 showed better catalytic performance than the catalysts that were predominantly fluorite CeO2. The Ce additive could enhance the surface adsorbed oxygen and accelerate the SCR reaction. The effects of O2 concentration, ratio of NH3/NO, space velocity and SO2 on the catalytic activity were also investigated. The presence of oxygen played an important role in NO reduction. The optimal ratio of NH3/NO was 1/1 and the catalyst had good resistance to SO2 poisoning.     

柴油/甲醇组合燃烧尾气中甲醛的检测

利用气相色谱分析技术检测了柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)尾气中的非常规排放物--甲醛.通过对不同采样方法和采样条件的比较,设计了采样系统,确定了用吸收液吸收的方法采集尾气中的甲醛.利用尾气中的甲醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)酸性饱和溶液反应生成甲醛腙的特性,通过检测甲醛腙的浓度来检测尾气中的甲醛含量.应用本方法检测一台采用DMCC燃烧模式的发动机尾气,结果表明,该方法可准确测量其尾气中的甲醛浓度.检测数据显示,当发动机运行DMCC燃烧模式时,相同转速下同一负荷时喷醇量越大,尾气中甲醛浓度越多;在相同的甲醇对柴油的替代率条件下,负荷越低尾气中甲醛浓度越高.     

Bi2O3-TiO2复合光催化剂协同处理铬-邻苯二甲酸酯复合污染

以硝酸铋和钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用水热法制备了Bi_2O_3-TiO_2复合半导体材料,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UVVis)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对复合材料的结构进行了表征.同时,考察了Bi_2O_3-TiO_2复合材料对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和难降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)复合污染的处理性能,并探讨了复合催化剂协同处理复合污染的作用机制.结果表明:该复合催化剂在可见光下能同时降低重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和有机物DBP的浓度,抑制电子和空穴复合,表现出比对单一Cr(Ⅵ)及DBP污染物更高的处理效率.当Bi_2O_3含量为4%时,复合催化剂表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

Synthesis of novel CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties

To utilize visible light more effectively in photocatalytic reactions, a fly ash cenosphere （FAC）-supported CeO2-BiV04 （CeO2-BiVO4/FAC） composite photocatalyst was prepared by modified metalorganic decomposition and impregnation methods. The physical and photophysical properties of the composite have been characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The XRD patterns exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks of both BiVO4 and Ce02 crystalline phases. The XPS results showed that Ce was present as both Ce4＋ and Ce3＋ oxidation states in Ce02 and dispersed on the surface of BiV04 to constitute a p-n heterojunction composite. The absorption threshold of the CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite shifted to a longer wavelength in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum compared to the pure Ce02 and pure BiV04. The composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for Methylene Blue （MB） degradation under visible light irradiation. It was found that the 7.5 wt.% CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity for MB dye wastewater treatment.     

Photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene on soil surfaces in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO2 under UV-light

The effect of nanometer anatase TiO₂ was investigated on the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene on soil surfaces under a variety of conditions. After being spiked with phenanthrene, soil samples loaded with different amounts of TiO₂ (0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 4 wt.%) were exposed to UV-light irradiation for 25 hr. The results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. TiO₂ significantly accelerated the degradation of phenanthrene with the half-life reduced from 45.90 to 31.36 hr for TiO₂ loading of 0 wt.% and 4 wt.%, respectively. In addition, the effects of H₂O₂, light intensity and humic acid on the degradation of phenanthrene were investigated. The degradation of phenanthrene increased with the concentration of H₂O₂, light intensity and the concentration of humic acids. It has been demonstrated that the photocatalytic method in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO₂ was a very promising technology for the treatments of soil polluted with organic substances in the future.     

巯基改性高岭土负载CeO2-CdS光催化降解结晶紫

为获得高效催化活性的光催化材料,实现偶氮类染料的高效降解,试验以巯基乙酸钠作为硫源和高岭土改性剂合成了巯基高岭土/CeO₂-CdS催化剂,并以降解结晶紫为模板反应,优化确定了巯基高岭土/CeO₂-CdS催化剂的制备条件.采用XRD（X射线衍射）、SEM（扫描电子显微镜）、TEM（透射电子显微镜）、FTIR（傅里叶红外光谱）和UV-Vis（紫外-可见光漫反射光谱）对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:①催化剂是由巯基高岭土、立方相结构的CdS和萤石结构的CeO₂组成;②CdS和CeO₂的负载破坏了巯基高岭土的层状结构;③最优催化剂和巯基高岭土/CeO₂的可见光的响应范围分别为550和450 nm;④当CeO₂:CdS（摩尔比,下同）为4:6,巯基高岭土:CeO₂-CdS（质量比,下同）为1:3时,催化剂具有最优的光催化活性;⑤在50 mL结晶紫浓度为10 mg/L的溶液中,添加0.1 g最优催化剂后,采用350 W氙灯对其光照150 min时,结晶紫的降解率为95.1%;⑥最优催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能,重复使用5次时,对结晶紫的降解率为90.4%.研究显示,结晶紫降解的最终产物为CO₂和H₂O,催化剂对结晶紫的降解机理是以羟基自由基氧化为主和超氧基氧化为辅的共存氧化机理.      

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of fish scale loaded TiO2 composites under solar light irradiation

Fish scale (FS) loaded TiO₂ composites were investigated as photocatalysts in degradation of Methyl Orange under solar light irradiation. Composites were prepared through sol-gel method by varying mass ratio of TiO₂/FS at 90:10, 70:30 and 50:50, respectively. The catalysts prepared in this study were characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR and nitrogen sorption. The effects of solar irradiation, mass ratio of TiO₂/FS composites, irradiation time and catalyst loadings were studied. Synergistic effect was found in TiO₂/FS of 90:10 composite which performed higher photocatalytic degradation than synthesized TiO₂ under solar light irradiation. However, further increasing fish scale content in the composites reduced the photocatalytic activity drastically. Under solar light irradiation, all the catalysts in this study exhibited photocatalytic activity, except TiO₂/FS of 50:50 composite that only acted as a weak biosorbent without performing any photocatalytic property. Photocatalytic degradation increased with increasing catalyst loading and irradiation time but decreased with increased of initial dye concentration.     

SiO2纳米颗粒内嵌强化介孔TiO2单晶光催化降解盐酸四环素

吸附性能和光生载流子的分离效率是决定光催化降解抗生素的主要因素.为提高介孔TiO_2单晶(MSCs)的吸附性能和光生载流子的分离效率,在MSCs内部构建SiO_2纳米颗粒吸附结构.同时,利用表面光电压谱、氮气等温吸附-脱附、X射线衍射等研究其结构特性.最后,以盐酸四环素为抗生素代表,通过控制SiO_2纳米颗粒比表面积,考察SiO_2对复合材料吸附及光催化性能的影响.结果表明,SiO_2纳米颗粒与TiO_2单晶复合显著提高了材料的吸附性能,表面保护蚀刻进一步提升了材料的比表面积.实验条件下,高比表面积SiO_2-TiO_2单晶复合材料(KSiO_2@TiO_2)对盐酸四环素的平衡吸附量、降解效率、降解速率常数和矿化率分别达到了0.96 mg·g-1、90.2%、0.0079 min-1、54.4%,分别是MSCs的4.4、1.5、2.6和3.1倍.副产物分析表明,SiO_2复合介孔单晶材料更易将盐酸四环素降解为小分子物质.