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在污水土地处理系统的模型反应器中进行流态试验,使用停留时间分布(RTD)分析理论,探索反应器不同构造的水流流态。试验表明,升流式和降流式的反应器流态均接近推流;无因次平均停留时间分别为0.974和0.845。由于在整个水平过水断面上承托层的布水作用及集水层的集水作用,系统采用不同管网布设程度的布水和集水方式对流态的影响不大,体积效率均在90%以上。填料层高度对流态有一定影响,当高度为40 cm时流态最接近推流,水流的轴向扩散系数最小,其值为0.027,属于低扩散程度。 相似文献
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潜流人工湿地基质结构与水力特性相关性研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
利用数值模拟方法结合实验手段,研究基质结构与系统水力特性的相关性,数值模拟结果表明,填料渗透系数对人工湿地水力效率影响很大,单层结构人工湿地系统中,填料渗透系数越大,流场分布越不均匀;由上到下填料渗透系数逐渐增加的分层填充方式能有效避免短流及死区的发生,提高系统水力效率.根据数值模拟结果构建两个人工湿地对比小试实验系统,并开展示踪实验对模拟结果进行验证,示踪实验结果表明,分层填充结构水力特性显著优于单层结构潜流人工湿地,二者有效体积比分别为0.87和0.49.可见,数值模拟方法能够有效应用于潜流人工湿地基质结构参数优化方面. 相似文献
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采用清水渗透、污水渗透、静态吸附、动态穿透和给水度等试验,确定了重庆地区高速公路服务区污水生态土壤处理系统中基质配比、水力负荷和湿干比.结果表明,根据选材容易、水力负荷大、除污能力强等原则,推荐重庆地区高速公路服务区污水生态土壤系统中处理层的配比基质为30.67%紫色土、61.33%河沙和8.00%煤渣混合基质,承托层为0.20 m厚的卵石与0.10 m厚的碎石.生态土壤处理系统总高度1.6 m,其中1.00、1.20、1.40、1.60 m处的水力负荷分别为0.344、 0.322、0.307、 0.298 m·d-1.处理层的淹水时间1 d、落干时间1.5 d,即湿干比为1∶1.5. 相似文献
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为了研究植物根系对不同基质结构潜流人工湿地水力特性的影响,根据填料渗透系数,分别设置单层及多层基质结构潜流人工湿地小试实验系统,以美人蕉作为湿地植物,在植物栽种前与成熟后对两系统分别开展示踪试验研究.实验结果表明,美人蕉根系对于单层结构人工湿地水力特性有较明显的改善作用,有效体积从0.49提高到了0.53,短路值由0.60降低到0.41,水力效率提高最大由43%提高到59%.比较而言,植物根系对多层结构湿地有效体积和短路值有轻微负面影响,而对水力效率则有明显的改善作用(由64%提高到83%).此外,植物成熟后,两人工湿地系统中示踪剂回收率均有所下降,其中,单层结构湿地降低较显著,回收率由72%降到62%.可见,植物根系对系统水力特性有较大影响,应在人工湿地设计过程中给予考虑. 相似文献
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垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞及其运行效果影响研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在净化猪场沼液中开展了垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞过程及其运行效能变化的研究.结果表明,人工湿地堵塞的主要成因是由于填料层中不可滤过性物质的积累所致.不可滤过性物质是由有机物和无机物组成,且大部分不可滤过性物质的粒径均超过5.00 μm.填料层的孔隙率和水力传导系数均随系统运行时间的延长而减小,而填料层中被截留物质的含量则随系统运行时间的延长而增大,其空间变化特征均受到了系统中水力流态的影响;当系统HLR为0.02m3/(m2·d)时,VSSF在运行1380d后对猪场沼液的净化开始恶化,系统对COD、TSS、TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别降至37.31%、57.82%、20.80%、32.13%和51.18%. 相似文献
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我国河流污染严重,城市黑臭水体的比率日益增加。人工湿地作为一种高效低耗能的绿色处理技术,已被广泛应用于污染河水的治理。通过对比分析分层装填复合填料的多介质层波形潜流人工湿地和单一砾石填料的普通人工湿地处理重污染河水的效果,研究了特种基质填料强化脱氮除磷作用以及不同水力负荷条件的影响。试验结果表明:在水力负荷为0.2 m~3/(m~2·d)时,普通湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到55.95%、77.85%、39.80%和54.94%;多介质层湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到58.52%、75.99%、67.08%和57.31%。在水力负荷为0.5 m~3/(m~2·d)时,普通湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到68.46%、90.73%、42.13%和53.70%;多介质层湿地对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到69.61%、89.94%、77.58%和68.63%,其脱氮效果明显好于普通湿地。以复合填料包分层装填的波形潜流人工湿地系统具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,有很好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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研究了不同粒径的陶粒曝气生物滤池对污染河水的净化效果,考察了气水比、水力停留时间及填料高度对COD和总氮去除效果的影响。结果表明:水力停留时间为4 h时,改变气水比对总氮去除效果影响较大,最佳气水比为2∶1,COD和总氮的去除率分别为92%和74%;气水比为2∶1时,改变水力停留时间对COD去除率影响不明显,水力停留时间为1.6 h时,COD和总氮去除率分别为95%和80%;在气水比为2∶1,水力停留时间为1.6 h条件下运行,小粒径曝气生物滤池在填料高度为45 cm处可完成对氮的去除,而大粒径陶填料高度为60 cm完成对氮的去除。 相似文献
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An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle (IODVC) for wastewater treatment 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The oxidation ditch process is economic and efficient for wastewater treatment, but its application is limited in case where land is costly due to its large land area required. An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle(IODVC) system was developed to treat domestic and industrial wastewater aiming to save land area. The new system consists of a single-channel divided into two ditches(the top one and the bottom one by a plate), a brush,and an innovative integral clarifier. Different from the horizontal circle of the conventional oxidation ditch, the flow of IODVC system recycles from the top zone to the bottom zone in the vertical circle as the brush is running, and then the IODVC saved land area required by about 50% compared with a conventional oxidation ditch with an intrachannel clarifier. The innovative integral clarifier is effective for separation of liquid and solids, and is preferably positioned at the opposite end of the brush in the ditch. It does not affect the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mixed liquor in the ditch, and the sludge can automatically return to the down ditch without any pump. In this study, experiments of domestic and dye wastewater treatment were carried out in bench scale and in full scale, respectively. Results clearly showed that the IODVC efficiently removed pollutants in the wastewaters, i.e., the average of COD removals for domestic and dye wastewater treatment were 95 % and 90%, respectively, and that the IODVC process may provide a cost effective way for full scale dye wastewater treatment. 相似文献
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Tanveer Saee Abdullah Al-Muyee Rumana Afrin Habibur Rahman Guangzhi Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):726-736
This article reports pollutant removal performances of baffled subsurface flow, and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetland units, when arranged in series for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Bangladesh. The wetland units (of the hybrid system) included organic, inorganic media, and were planted with nineteen types of macrophytes. The wetland train was operated under hydraulic loading fluctuation and seasonal variation. The performance analyses (across the wetland units) illustrated simultaneous denitrification and organics removal rates in the first stage vertical flow wetland, due to organic carbon leaching from the employed organic media. Higher mean organics removal rates (656.0 g COD](m2.day)) did not completely inhibit nitrification in the first stage vertical flow system; such pattern could be linked to effective utilization of the trapped oxygen, as the flow was directed throughout the media by the baffle walls. Second stage horizontal flow wetland showed enhanced biodegradable organics removal, which depleted organic carbon availability for denitrification. The final stage integrated wetland system allowed further nitrogen removal from wastewater, via nutrient uptake by plant roots (along with nitrification), and generation of organic carbon (by the dead macrophytes) to support denitrification. The system achieved higher E. coli mortality through protozoa predation, E. coli oxidation, and destruction by UV radiation. In general, enhanced pollutant removal efflciencies as demonstrated by the structurally modified hybrid wetland system signify the necessity of such modification, when operated under adverse conditions such as: substantial input organics loading, hydraulic loading fluctuation, and seasonal variation. 相似文献
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本研究采用两段上向流曝气生物滤池(TUBAF)处理城市生活污水,以两段上向流曝气生物滤池的有机物去除动力学为研究对象。其中TUBAF C段采用半软性填料,根据进出TUBAF C段反应器流量和有机物浓度的变化,建立了本段有机物降解的模型,并求得了动力学参数;TUBAF N段采用酶促好氧填料,通过对TUBAFN不同的水力负荷q和滤池过滤层深度H有机物浓度的变化,对TUBAF N有机物的降解模式进行了建模,并确定了动力学参数,为进一步深化对曝气生物滤池处理机理的认识提供参考。 相似文献
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工程旨在探讨生态复合塘作为污水处理工艺,以实现城乡污水处理的多元化与可持续性目标。文章以蓟县毛家峪长寿度假村为例,结合混凝沉淀池、污泥浓缩池、快速渗滤湿地、潜流湿地和表面流湿地等技术,从工艺设计及其关键设计参数出发,在防治系统堵塞、冰冻、油渍及渗漏的基础上,创造性地将人工湿地同绿化带相结合,解决了生态塘占地面积大的问题。工程的预期结果:该技术工艺设计可使出水达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB8978-2002)一类A级水平、农田灌溉和城乡杂用水的用水标准,各类污染物去除率分别为SS(mg/L)87.5%~96.7%,BOD5(mg/L)93.3%,COD(mg/L)61.5%~84.8%,TP(mg/L)50%~91.7%,NH3-N(mg/L)最高达87.5%。该设计实现了污水处理与绿化、节地的有机统一,可根据实际情况在机关、企事业单位和住宅小区推广应用。 相似文献
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Hongtao Pang Hanchang Shi Huiming Shi 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(4):470-476
A pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch using bubble diffuser and baffle as aerator was operated in a wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP) to investigate its flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance. Compared with the conventional oxidation
ditch process, effective depth and oxygen utilization efficiency of this new process was improved by underwater aeration.
Furthermore, it had a reversed velocity distribution, which decreased from the bottom to the top on vertical section. Velocity
measurement showed that a velocity over 0.2 m/s at the bottom was sufficient to prevent sludge settlement during long term
operation. Application of these concepts would save land area and energy consumption by about 25%–50% and 55%, respectively.
In this new system, organic biodegradation and nitrification could be well achieved. Denitrification could occur steadily
in the straight part by adjusting the airflow rate. An average TN removal rate of 63% was achieved with dissolved oxygen (DO)
concentrations between 0.6 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L. The main pollutants in the effluent could meet the strictest discharge standard
(COD<50 mg/L, NH4
+−N < 5 mg/L, and TN < 15 mg/L) in China now. 相似文献
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This paper uses a prediction model of groundwater pollution based on the experiments in the laboratory and in field .The model, which was tested and calibrated by the field observated data ,satisfactorily simulated the field conditions in land treatment system of wastewater . Particularly , the model can provide the reliable pollution prediction of heavy metals , organisms and nitrogen . The model was used to predict the groundwater pollution caused by the land treatment system in the region of North China . The calibration of the model showed that correlation coefficients between the tested and predictive data of Cr6+. As3+, organism and NH4+ could reach 0.990, which proved that the model possessed the realistic instructive significance for design and use of wastewater land treatment systems . 相似文献
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在二级生物处理工艺确定后,深度处理工艺的选择是保证整个工程出水水质的关键。过滤是污水深度处理工艺中最重要的工序,用以去除原水经沉淀后的残留絮体和杂质,具体依据出水效果、处理效率、投资成本和占地等各方面,确定采用深床过滤工艺。从整体优化的角度出发,结合设计规模,进水水质特征和出水水质要求以及当地的实际条件和要求,选择切实可行且经济合理的深度处理工艺方案,是实现整个长沙市敢胜垸污水处理厂最佳工艺方案的保障。 相似文献