生活垃圾填埋场陈垃圾基本特性及再利用

填埋场已填埋陈垃圾具有丰富的资源 ,我国填埋量已达几千万吨。通过对上海老港生活垃圾填埋场 6年填埋龄和 1 0年填埋龄陈垃圾基本特性的测试研究 ,揭示出填埋 6年以上的陈垃圾已具有相当稳定的性状 ,原始垃圾特征已完全消失 ,开挖后没有异味 ,在组成上除部分大颗粒无机物和大块难降解有机物外 ,其余部分已腐化为类土壤物质 ,可以开采再利用。陈垃圾中类土壤部分在物理化学性质、水力学和微生物学性质上均表现出在自然条件下难以形成的、极为优良的基质特征 ,可用作污染物生物处理基质或作物培育基质。     

生活垃圾填埋场垃圾腐殖质组成和变化规律的表征

通过分析上海老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋垃圾的腐殖质组成和光密度,考察了填埋垃圾的腐殖质组成和光学特性随填埋龄的变化规律.研究结果表明,填埋龄在1～14 a间的填埋垃圾中腐殖质组分的有机碳绝对含量的波动幅度很大,而腐殖质组分相对含量具有比较明显的变化规律,其中腐殖质总可提取率和wHA/wFA比值分别随填埋龄增加呈线性下降和上升的趋势.另一方面,填埋垃圾腐殖质光学特性研究表明,填埋垃圾可提取腐殖质和富里酸组分的E4/E6比值随填埋龄变化无明显关系,而胡敏酸的E4/E6比值则随填埋龄的增加呈线性下降趋势.因此,填埋垃圾腐殖质的总可提取率、wHA/wFA比值以及胡敏酸组分的E4/E6比值可有效地表征填埋垃圾和填埋场的稳定化进程.     

大型垃圾填埋场表面沉降研究

研究了在上海市老港垃圾填埋场１７号填埋单元建造的２０００ｍ＾２小型卫生填埋场及表面沉降规律，结果表明，表面沉降与拉圾的压实程度有关，在填埋过程中，垃圾被充分压实后，学降就相对较小，在所监测的２．５年时间内，最大螺旋沉降大于１ｍ是垃圾填埋初始高度（４ｍ）的２５％，根据垃圾表面沉降的预测结果，讨论了老港垃圾填埋场的利用途径和可能性。     

大型填埋场垃圾降解规律研究

在上海市老港垃圾填埋场建造了一座面积为3000m^2，高度为4m，内填生活垃圾10800t的小型卫生填埋场。对该卫生填埋场进行了40个月的监测，分析了垃圾中的总糖、总炭、挥发性物质和有机碳、生物可降解物含量（BDM）、粗纤维含量与填埋时间的关系。同时，也对1991年至1994每年4月份的填埋单元垃圾组成了分析。通过数学聚合，预测了填埋单元封场后的若干年内垃圾组成，对填埋场稳定化程度和垃圾矿化程度进行了判断。结果表明，该场的稳定化时间大约为22－23年，届时，该场的垃圾基本上达到无害化和稳定化，绝大部分可降解的有机物得到充分降解。     

陈垃圾沉降分析方法及工程应用

已填垃圾的沉降分析是正确评估填埋场服务年限和合理确定填埋厚度的重要依据,根据陈垃圾的形成机制、沉降模型、计算方法以及及有关参数,并结合工程实例对填埋过程中的垃圾沉降发展过程进行了研究,确定了陈垃圾土的沉降特性。     

我国垃圾填埋气体利用的主要障碍与对策

近年来,我国城市生活垃圾填埋气体产量增加,但大多数垃圾填埋场技术水平较低,大量气体处于无组织排放状态,造成比较严重的环境危害。上海、北京、重庆、岳阳等城市都发生过填埋气体爆炸事故。因此,对现有垃圾堆放场和新建填埋场气体进行收集利用是必要的。     

生活垃圾填埋场封场后土地利用

以上海老港生活垃圾填埋场封场后土地利用为例,不同封场时间的填埋场(单元),其土地利用的用途不同;填埋场土地用于种植植物,不仅具有很好的环境效益和经济效益,还具有很好的社会效益。     

长春市简易垃圾填埋场中垃圾特性研究

从长春市一个封场垃圾填埋场中系统采集了不同填埋年龄(8~12年和25~30年)和不同位置(上层和下层)的垃圾样品,并对其基本特性进行了分析。结果发现,填埋垃圾总体呈弱碱性,含水率随填埋时间的增加而减小,上层垃圾含水率低于下层垃圾;从垃圾组成、有机质和生物可降解物(BDM)来看,8~12年的填埋垃圾仍处于不稳定状态,而25~30年的垃圾基本达到稳定化,但上层和下层垃圾的降解程度无明显区别。这表明传统填埋场中垃圾稳定化至少需要几十年的时间。因此开发能够加速垃圾稳定性填埋场的生物反应器修复技术具有重要意义,填埋垃圾的特性分析则为工程设计提供了必要的基础数据。     

城市垃圾填埋场安全稳定性分析

垃圾填埋场是一类特殊工程，其安全稳定性一直是研究的热点和难点。本文借鉴成熟的工程力学思想，将分析山谷型垃圾填埋体的安全稳定性转化为分析垃圾坝稳定性。利用已知的稳定填埋场边坡有关性状，反算出垃圾土可能最小综合内摩擦角，利用这个参数来计算填埋体在三种典型状态下对垃圾坝产生的最大作用力，从而来判断垃圾坝的稳定性。探索了一套分析山谷型填埋场填埋体稳定性的方法并提出了两个公式，对于该类型垃圾填埋场建设具有指导作用。     

垃圾填埋场填埋作业和渗滤液处理设计

介绍东海县生活垃圾填埋场概况、填埋作业及渗滤液处理设计。设计中,根据填埋场有限的库容及国内一些垃圾填埋场填埋作业的不足,因地制宜,优化了填埋覆盖方式,提高填埋场利用率。渗滤液处理采用MBR+NF+RO组合工艺,技术先进、出水水质稳定。     

Excavation and characterization of refuse in closed landfill

Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized as organic matter in refuse degrades and soluble inorganic substances dissolve during their longterm stabilization process.In this paper,this process is also referred to as mineralization process and the resultant stabilized refuse referred to as aged refuse.Aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and huge quantity of microorganisms with strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewater such as leachate.In this study,aged refuse excavated from 2 to 10 years old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill is characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,biodegradable matter.The approaches for redevelopment of both land and aged refuse in the stabilized landfills are proposed.     

Leachate treatment using a demonstration aged refuse biofilter

Approximately 7000 m3 of aged refuse (AR) with a placement of over eight years was excavated from Shanghai Refuse Landfill, the largest landfill in China, and used for the construction of a two-stage bioreactor (AR biofilter) media for the biological treatment of 100 m3 of refuse landfill leachate. It was found that over 64% of COD, 96.9%–99.8% of NH4 +-N, and 95.8%–99.8% of BOD5 could be removed by the AR biofilter, when the leachate with initial COD, BOD5, and NH4 +-N concentrations were 986–4128 mg/L, 264–959 mg/L, and 538–1583 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding concentrations in the e uent were reduced to below 300–400 mg/L, 2–12 mg/L, and 10–20 mg/L, respectively. The e uent was clear and pale yellow with suspended solid below 150 mg/L and color below 150 Pt/Co degree. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen removal was only 49%–63%, indicating a relative poor denitrification capacity of AR biofilter. The e uent pH was neutral and the population of Escherichia coli was less than 10??1 CFU/mL. Hence, it was considered that the demonstration project can work well for the e ective treatment of leachate.     

不同填埋龄垃圾生物反应器反硝化性能研究

在渗滤液回灌基础上,结合垃圾堆体本身为厌氧环境的特性,开发出的生物反应器垃圾堆体渗滤液原位脱氮技术已成为目前的研究热点。文章以从杭州市固体废弃物处理有限公司天子岭填埋场采集的不同填埋龄垃圾为试材,利用系列自制生活垃圾生物反应器模拟装置,通过回灌硝酸盐溶液,探讨了不同填埋龄垃圾在碳源充足情况下的反硝化性能特征。结果表明当垃圾堆体自身降解的有机物量充足时,1~12 a垃圾的反硝化性能均较强,且差异不大;所有反应器在最初的1 h内硝酸盐去除率最高,达70%~92%。这说明开发生物反应器垃圾堆体渗滤液原位脱氮技术具有一定的现实可行性。     

Absorption of phosphorus from wastewater by aged refuse excavated from municipal solid waste landfill

Municipal solid waste(refuse) landfill stabilizes as the refuse degrades. After years of biodegradation, the refuse in the landfill ecomes stabilized and aged, which may vary with the local climate, humidity, and composition of refuse placed. In this work, it is found hat the refuse with an age of over 8 years at Shanghai Refuse Landfill has been significantly stabilized and sufficiently aged and is thus uitable for excavation. The 8-year old aged refuse is mechanically screened, and the fine fractions of refuse(aged refuse) with a diameter ess than 2 cm are then used as a biological absorbent for removal of both inorganic and organic phosphorus in livestock wastewater and repared aqueous solution. It is proved that the aged refuse is very effective for the quantitative removal of both types of phosphorus. The bsorption mechanism is proposed. It is considered that phosphorus is firstly absorbed onto the surface of the aged refuse and then used s a substrate for the growth of microorganisms which ultimately leave the aged refuse as sludge.     

Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

非正规填埋场矿化垃圾理化性质与资源化利用研究

为探索非正规垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾资源化利用问题,以广东省东莞市常平镇桥沥垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾为例,多点采集样品经人工分拣和不同粒径段筛分后,对其物理组成和化学性质进行了分析.结果表明:矿化垃圾中腐殖土主要在40mm粒径段以下,占47.3%,塑料、织物及木竹等可燃轻质垃圾主要在大于80mm粒径段,占40.1%;工程筛分粒径可选40mm,筛上物主要为可燃物,筛下物主要为腐殖土;按照有机肥堆肥腐熟标准,筛下物腐殖土基本可达到腐熟,营养物质含量达到《城市生活垃圾农用标准》(GB8172-1987)要求,但部分重金属含量超标;矿化垃圾经筛分后的轻质垃圾,热值约为6000kJ/kg,可直接进行焚烧处理,将其制备成垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)后,热值可达10000~24000kJ/kg.     

南宁城市生活垃圾处理的二次污染防治

南宁市主要以堆肥和填埋方式处理生活垃圾，由于二次污染而对外界环境造成影响，应尺快实现堆肥，焚烧，填埋有机融合的“三合一”生活垃圾综合处理工程，逐步实现生活垃圾处理无害化，减变化，资源化的目标。     

Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate

A field-scale aged refuse(AR) biofilter constructed in Shanghai Refuse Landfill,containing about 7000 m3 aged refuse inside,was evaluated for its performance in the treatment of landfill leachate. This AR biofilter can be divided into three stages and can manage 50 m3 landfill leachate per day. The physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of AR were analyzed for evaluating the AR biofilter as leachate treatment host. The results revealed that over 87.8%-96.2% of COD and 96.9%-99.4% of ammonia nitrog...