承德市PM2.5中碳质组分的季节分布特征及来源解析

为研究承德市PM_2.5中碳质组分的季节变化及污染来源,于2019年1、4、7和10月采集大气PM_2.5样品,测定碳质组分浓度.通过有机碳（OC）与元素碳（EC）比值、总碳质气溶胶（TCA）及二次有机碳（SOC）的估算,分析碳质组分的变化特征;结合后向轨迹和主成分分析（PCA）方法,分析污染来源.结果表明,采样期间PM_2.5、OC和EC的平均质量浓度分别为（31.26±21.39）、（13.27±8.68）和（2.80±1.95）μg ·m^-3.PM_2.5的季节变化趋势为：冬季[（47.68±30.37）μg ·m^-3]>秋季[（28.72±17.12）μg ·m^-3]>春季[（26.59±15.32）μg ·m^-3]>夏季[（23.17±8.38）μg ·m^-3],与总碳（TC）、OC和EC季节变化趋势一致,冬季（R²=0.85）的OC与EC来源较一致;OC/EC值得出4个季节均受到交通和燃煤源排放的影响,且冬季受烟煤排放影响显著.TCA的平均浓度为（21.38±13.68）μg ·m^-3,占PM_2.5比例达68.39%,二次转化率（SOC/OC）为：春季（54.09%）>秋季（37.64%）>夏季（32.91%）>冬季（25.43%）.后向轨迹模拟结果表明,春季和夏季气团携带的污染物浓度相对较低,秋季污染物的传输通道为西南方向,冬季为西北方向,主成分分析（PCA）表明,承德市PM_2.5削减的关键是控制机动车尾气、燃煤和生物质燃烧源的排放.     

南京市黑碳气溶胶时间演变特征及其主要影响因素

为了研究南京市黑碳（black carbon,BC）气溶胶的时间演变特征及其主要影响因素,使用多波长Aethalometer（AE-33）每个季节选取典型月份观测了BC质量浓度,结合大气污染物数据、气象要素和边界层探测数据,分析了BC的季节变化、日变化、周末效应和来源特征.结果表明,南京的BC浓度具有明显的季节变化,春季[（3351±919）ng·m^-3] > 冬季[（3234±2102）ng·m^-3] > 秋季[（3064±967）ng·m^-3] > 夏季[（2632±1705）ng·m^-3].4个季节BC日变化均为双峰型分布,峰值分别位于06：00~08：00和21：00~23：00.BC不同季节的早晚高峰分布特征不同.早高峰春季BC浓度最高,晚高峰冬季浓度最高.冬季早高峰出现时间要比其他季节滞后2 h,而夏季晚高峰时间反而比其他季节提前2 h.风速对BC日变化季节分布差异的影响远大于相对湿度（relative humidity,RH）.逆温层结对大气污染物浓度的影响机制比较复杂,在不同季节中逆温的高度、厚度和逆温强度对污染物的影响机制不同.BC不同季节的周末效应不同,风速对BC周末效应的影响较小,逆温层结差异是造成BC周末效应的主要原因.南京地区液体燃料燃烧对BC的贡献较大,固体燃烧对BC贡献较小.     

兰州市PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征和来源解析

为了明确兰州市PM_2.5中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染特征和来源,采集了兰州市4个季节的PM_2.5样品,运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对PAHs的浓度进行了分析,利用正定矩因子分解法（PMF）、聚类分析和潜在源因子分析法（PSCF）对PAHs的来源进行解析.结果表明,兰州市PM_2.5中ρ（PAHs）均值为：冬季［（118±16.2） ng·m^-3］>秋季［（50.8±21.6） ng·m^-3］>春季［（22.2±8.87） ng·m^-3］>夏季［（4.65±1.32） ng·m^-3］.相关性分析表明,兰州市PM_2.5和TPAHs均与温度呈现极显著的负相关性,与气压呈现极显著的正相关性,与风向、风速和相对湿度的相关性较差.各环PAHs在4个季节的占比相似,其中4环和5环的PAHs占比为最大,其次为6环和2~3环.兰州市PM_2.5中PAHs的主要来源在春夏季为工业排放和生物质及天然气燃烧,秋季工业排放占主导地位,冬季主要为燃煤排放,交通排放在4个季节的贡献比较稳定.聚类分析和PSCF计算结果表明,来自蒙古国、新疆东北部和青海等地的气流对兰州市环境空气质量有重要的影响.     

西安市PM2.5中碳质气溶胶污染特征

利用热光分析法探究了西安市2017年353个PM_2.5样品中的元素碳（EC）、有机碳（OC）、甲醇可萃取有机碳（MSOC）以及热-光分析法得到的7个碳组分（OC1~4、EC1~3）的质量浓度、季节变化趋势以及来源.结果表明,西安市2017年OC、EC以及MSOC的平均质量浓度分别为（17.56±11.83）、（4.08±2.95）和（11.10±6.77）μg·m^-3.OC质量浓度的季节性趋势为冬季 > 春季 > 夏季 > 秋季;EC为冬季 > 春季≈秋季 > 夏季.MSOC/OC比值年平均值为0.64±0.20,冬季最高,夏季最低.春季OC和EC相关性较好（r²=0.76）,而在冬季的相关性较差（r²=0.43）,说明碳气溶胶的来源不同.采用EC示踪法对二次气溶胶的含量进行估算,SOC的平均含量分别占到了春、夏、秋、冬四季OC质量浓度的51.9%、38.4%、37.3%、44.0%.采用主成分分析法得出西安市的碳质气溶胶主要来源于燃煤和机动车排放.     

张掖市城区大气细颗粒物PM2.5的化学组成及来源解析

为研究张掖市城区大气细颗粒物（PM_2.5）的污染特征和来源,于2020年9月至2021年7月在张掖市城区的河西学院和湿地博物馆2个采样点进行了PM_2.5样品采集,对PM_2.5浓度、化学组成（水溶性无机离子、碳质组分和元素）和来源进行分析.结果表明,河西学院和湿地博物馆两个采样点的年均ρ（PM_2.5）分别为（73.7±31.8）μg·m^-3和（68.1±33.3）μg·m^-3,季节浓度均值均呈现春季>冬季>秋季>夏季的变化.河西学院采样点的二次水溶性无机离子（SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺）年均值高于湿地博物馆.河西学院采样点的ρ（OC）和ρ（EC）分别为（9.6±5.7）μg·m^-3和（2.9±1.6）μg·m^-3,湿地博物馆采样点的年均ρ（OC）和ρ（EC）分别为（9.2±5.8）μg·m^-3和（2.5±1.3）μg·m^-3,河西学院的含碳组分在各季节均高于湿地博物馆.河西学院和湿地博物馆两个采样点的年均二次有机碳（SOC）在OC中的质量分数分别为49.4%和43.7%,表明张掖市存在较为严重的二次污染.河西学院和湿地博物馆两个采样点的元素浓度年均值分别为（6.0±3.5）μg·m^-3和（5.8±3.9）μg·m^-3,受到人为源的影响,Zn、Ca、Al和Fe等元素浓度水平相对较高.正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）结果表明,张掖城区PM_2.5的主要贡献源为二次气溶胶（28.0%）、交通源（25.8%）、扬尘源（15.2%）、燃煤源（14.0%）、生物质燃烧和垃圾焚烧源（12.5%）和工艺过程源（4.5%）.     

减排背景下成都大气PM2.5碳质组分特征

近年来,国务院颁布的《大气污染防治行动计划》和《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》对我国空气质量的全面改善起到了重要作用,然而,当前鲜有对四川盆地两大政策实施效果进行评估以及对政策实施后PM_2.5化学组分新特征的针对性研究.2017年和2020年分别是两大污染减排政策实施效果评估的关键时期,为对两时期成都市大气PM_2.5及其中碳质组分特征进行全面了解,分别于2016年10月至2017年7月和2020年12月在成都市区进行了PM_2.5的连续采样,并对其中有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）进行了分析.结果表明：①2016~2017年成都市ρ（PM_2.5）平均值为（114.0±76.4）μg·m^-3,最高值出现在冬季,可达（193.3±98.5）μg·m^-3,是浓度最低季节春季［（73.8±32.3）μg·m^-3］的2.6倍,而这种严重的冬季污染在2020年出现了明显改善,对应的ρ（PM_2.5）为（96.0±39.3）μg·m^-3,降幅达50.3%.②2016~2017年ρ（OC）和ρ（EC）的平均值分别为（21.1±16.4）μg·m^-3和（1.9±1.3）μg·m^-3,分别占PM_2.5的质量分数为18.5%和1.7%;ρ（OC）季节变化特征为：冬季［（40.6±21.5）μg·m^-3］>秋季［（17.0±7.0）μg·m^-3］>夏季［（14.4±3.9）μg·m^-3］>春季［（12.6±6.0）μg·m^-3］,而各季节ρ（EC）水平接近（1.3~2.4 μg·m^-3）;二次有机碳（SOC）是OC的重要组成,可占OC的质量分数为44.5%.相比2016年冬季,2020年冬季ρ（OC）降至（19.2±9.1）μg·m^-3,降幅达52.7%,EC则升高了26.1%.③随污染加重,各碳质组分及其贡献变化趋势各异,相比2016年冬季,2020年冬季OC随污染加重贡献更加趋于稳定,而SOC占比升高更为明显,二次有机组分贡献不容忽视.④各季节气团来向和污染物潜在源区均呈现出了明显差异;与2016年冬季相比,虽然2020年冬季主要气团来向未发生明显变化,但各轨迹对应的污染物浓度均出现了大幅降低,且污染物潜在源区向东部区域扩展明显.     

2017年秋季长春市PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染来源及健康风险评价

本研究采集了长春市2017年秋季大气中的PM_2.5样品共30个,采用气相色谱质谱仪（GC-MS）分析了样品中17种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）的浓度和组成特征,运用比值法和主成分分析法确定PAHs的污染来源,并通过计算苯并（a）芘等效致癌浓度和终身致癌超额危险度进行健康风险评估.结果表明,长春市秋季PM_2.5平均质量浓度为（50.84±12.23）μg·m^-3,有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）含量分别为（17.07±5.64）μg·m^-3和（1.33±0.75）μg·m^-3,占PM_2.5总量的37%;PAHs总浓度为（15.69±5.93）ng·m^-3,以中高环数的PAHs为主,占总PAHs的84.26%;长春市秋季大气中PAHs主要来源于机动车尾气排放（44.48%） > 煤燃烧（29.16%） > 生物质燃烧（26.36%）,本地交通（汽油车）排放是主要污染源;苯并（a）芘等效致癌平均浓度在1.55~5.38 ng·m^-3之间,总致癌等效平均浓度为（6.44±1.53）ng·m^-3,总体处于轻微污染水平;通过呼吸摄入PAHs对成年女性健康危害最大,其次是成年男性和儿童,但所有人群的终身致癌风险值均未超过1×10^-6,其健康风险处于可接受水平.     

北京南部城区PM2.5中碳质组分特征

为了解《大气污染防治行动计划》实施后北京市大气PM_2.5中碳质组分特征,于2017年12月至2018年12月在北京污染较重的南部城区进行了PM_2.5连续采样,对其中的有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）进行了全面研究.结果表明,北京大气PM_2.5、OC和EC浓度变化范围分别为4.2~366.3、0.9~74.5和0.0~5.5 μg ·m^-3,平均浓度分别为（77.1±52.1）、（11.2±7.8）和（1.2±0.8）μg ·m^-3,碳质组分（OC和EC）整体占PM_2.5的16.1%.OC质量浓度季节特征表现为：冬季[（13.8±8.7）μg ·m^-3] > 春季[（12.7±9.6）μg ·m^-3] > 秋季[（11.8±6.2）μg ·m^-3] > 夏季[（6.5±2.1）μg ·m^-3],EC四季质量浓度水平均较低,范围为0.8~1.5 μg ·m^-3.二次有机碳（SOC）年均质量浓度为（5.4±5.8）μg ·m^-3,四季贡献比例范围为45.7%~52.3%,年均贡献为48.2%,凸显了二次形成的重要贡献.随污染加重,尽管OC和EC贡献比例均降低,但浓度水平却成倍升高,OC和EC浓度在严重污染天分别是空气质量为优天的6.3和3.2倍.与非供暖时段相比,供暖时段PM_2.5、OC和SOC浓度分别增加了14.4%、47.9%和72.1%,体现了OC对供暖季PM_2.5污染的重要贡献.PSCF分析表明,位于北京西南的山西省和河南省部分区域是PM_2.5和OC的主要潜在源区,且PM_2.5潜在源区更为集中;EC的PSCF高值（>0.7）区域较少,主要位于北京南部,如山东省和河南省部分地区,且北京市及周边地区贡献明显.     

生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶分布及职业暴露风险评估

为探究生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶分布以及场区员工的职业暴露风险,在西安市某垃圾填埋场的6个功能区测定和分析了细菌气溶胶浓度、粒径分布和细菌活性,并运用风险商法评估场区员工的职业暴露风险.结果表明,生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶浓度最高和最低值分别为渗滤液收集区（（5381±3875）CFU·m^-3）和生活办公区（（1227±204）CFU·m^-3）,不同季节细菌气溶胶浓度变化为：夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季.各采样点位于0.65~1.1 μm的细菌气溶胶浓度最低,小粒径细菌气溶胶比重由春季到冬季逐渐增大,各采样点细菌气溶胶的平均中值粒径均小于5.0 μm.流式细胞术分析结果显示,冬季不同采样点细菌气溶胶中活菌占比为74%~83%.细菌气溶胶职业暴露风险商均小于1,不同季节的暴露风险大小为夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季,成年男性的职业暴露风险大于成年女性.     

贵阳市花溪城区大气PM2.5中碳质气溶胶的变化特征及来源解析

碳质气溶胶作为大气气溶胶的重要组成部分,对大气环境质量、人类健康及全球气候变化有着重要的影响.为探究贵阳市花溪城区大气细颗粒物（PM_2.5）中碳质气溶胶的变化特征及来源,于2020年不同季节开展大气PM_2.5原位观测研究,利用热/光学碳分析仪（DRI Model 2015）测定大气PM_2.5的碳质组分.结果表明,观测期间大气ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ[总碳质气溶胶（TCA）]、ρ[有机碳（OC）]、ρ[二次有机碳（SOC）]和ρ[元素碳（EC）]的平均值分别为：（39.7±22.3）、（14.1±7.2）、（7.6±3.9）、（4.4±2.6）和（2.0±1.0）μg·m^-3,OC/EC的平均值为（3.9±0.8）.ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（TCA）、ρ（OC）、ρ（SOC）和ρ（EC）呈现冬季最高[（52.6±28.6）、（17.0±9.6）、（9.1±5.2）、（6.1±3.9）和（2.4±1.2）μg·m^-3],夏季最低[（25.1±7.1）、（11.6±3.6）、（6.3±1.9）、（3.7±1.2）和（1.6±0.6）μg·m^-3]的季节变化特征.OC/EC季节变化呈现：夏季（4.2±0.8）>冬季（3.8±0.9）>秋季（3.8±0.5）>春季（3.7±0.9）,表明花溪城区各季节均存在SOC生成.SOC与OC呈现显著相关（R²=0.9）,且随着大气氧化性增强,SOC浓度呈增加趋势.OC与EC各季节均呈现较好相关性,其中秋季最高（R²=0.9）,其他3个季节偏低（R²为0.74~0.75）,表明二者具有共同来源.通过OC/EC值范围初步判断碳质气溶胶来源于机动车尾气排放、燃煤排放和生物质燃烧排放.为了进一步定量解析主要排放源对碳质气溶胶的贡献,利用PMF模型对碳质气溶胶来源解析,结果表明贵阳市花溪城区碳质气溶胶主要来源为燃煤源（29.3%）、机动车排放源（21.5%）和生物质燃烧源（49.2%）.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.