首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
介绍了"中国海岸带灾害地质查询及风险评价系统"开发研制的GIS平台,VB为二次开发工具,利用OLE技术集成开发.系统实现了对中国海岸带灾害地质的可视化查询、空间分析和综合评价,并为实施海岸带灾害地质综合管理和决策提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

2.
空间多准则决策及其在资源环境领域中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
空间多准则决策是基于地理信息系统(GIS)和多准则决策分析(MCDA)发展起来的,是当前决策领域研究的热点,在实际生活案例中应用广泛.分析了国内外多准则决策分析到空间多准则决策分析的发展,研究了空间多准则决策分析的理论框架;重点论述了空间多准则决策在资源环境领域土地适宜性评价、设施选址问题、资源评价与管理和防灾四个方面的应用;探讨了空间多准则决策分析目前仍存在的问题及其在资源环境领域未来的发展方向,指出空间多准则决策分析需要进一步研究适用于资源环境领域的空间多准则决策方法,并在实践中不断完善,同时结合遥感等新技术,为空间多准则决策提供辅助作用.  相似文献   

3.
基于GIS技术的台风风暴潮灾害风险评估——以台州市为例   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
郜志超  于淼  丁照东 《海洋环境科学》2012,31(3):439-442,447
分析了台州市台风风暴潮灾害特征,根据台州市沿海区域的地理、水文、社会经济等特点,在台风风暴潮数值模型模拟基础上,实现了基于格网和GIS技术的台风风暴潮灾害风险评价。通过构建台风风暴潮灾害风险评价模型,对台州市区沿海地区的台风风暴潮灾害危险度、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力进行了分析,在GIS平台上进行淹没分析、叠置分析、以及格网拟合计算,最后绘制出了台州市台风风暴潮灾害高分辨率风险区划图,以期为我国风暴潮防灾减灾工作提供科学参考。  相似文献   

4.
基于ArcObjects的区域环境污染源分析评价系统   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
ComGIS在当今组件式软件技术潮流中应运而生,应用模型以及模型实现技术的研究是当前GIS领域深入研究的热点,基于COM和ArcObjects的区域环境污染源分析评价系统体现了GIS建模技术在地学领域的具体应用.文章探讨了COM和ComGIS 的基本原理以及基于ArcObjects组件库的二次开发技术方法,在分析环境污...  相似文献   

5.
地理信息系统(GIS)是一种基于计算机硬软件技术、结合应用系统工程和信息科学理论的空间数据管理分析系统.它诞生于60年代,现已趋成熟.近10年计算机技术及相关信息技术(如遥感技术、大地定位技术)高速发展,极大推动了地理信息技术的进步.该系统与目前正广泛应用的管理信息系统(MIS)的主要区别在于GIS将研究对象的信息域扩展到空间域,不仅考虑客体的内在属性特征,还考虑它们在自然界的空间分布特征.因此,在地理信息系统环境下可以实现客体的三维空间模拟分析,并采用图形图象显示技术将分析过程及结果动态地投影于二维平面,从更深的层次上揭示事物的内在实质,在很大程度上深化了人类对客观事物的认识,这也是GIS近年来为国民经济诸多领域所广泛引用的根本  相似文献   

6.
分析了国内外各种自然灾害评估系统的研究现状以及赤潮灾害风险评估的研究成果,赤潮灾害风险评估的指标体系、评估模型已经初步建立,并获得了较好的可行性和正确性,建成了赤潮管理信息系统.在此基础上提出了建立赤潮灾害风险评估系统的初步设想.系统建成后,基于GIS的空间分析功能,结合赤潮灾害风险评估数据库,可以快速、实用、准确地提...  相似文献   

7.
造纸企业的生态危害问题是环保工作的热点,生态风险评价成为辅助决策过程的重要工具之一。本文应用GIS技术与层次分析法,以江苏省为研究区,对生态风险进行了定量综合评价和空间格局分析。结果为反映生态风险状况,优化防御措施以及进行预警决策提供了依据。  相似文献   

8.
应用景观生态学思想,依据层次分析模式建立了公路生态环境风险评价体系,在专家思想库的基础之上,为突出各评价指标的空间属性,规定其权重值由评价指标影响空间范围的大小来确定.其中环境因子的影响范围,即所占面积,利用GIS对相关图件解读获得,灾害因子影响路段的长度则在施工设计和路线勘测阶段实测而得.使用该评价体系对315国道新疆依吞布拉克且末段的生态环境风险性进行评价,结果表明,该路域生态环境风险指数ERA介于1.55~3.23之间.由于ERA包含的生态环境脆弱性指数∑xiwi和灾害系数∑yiwj存在空间异质性,故据其最终对路域内的8个景观生态单元,用4个风险级别进行了评价,较真实地反映了该路段生态环境风险特征.  相似文献   

9.
以河北省唐山市滦县为例,基于乡镇气象资料历史序列的构建,利用AHP决策分析法和加权综合评价法,结合GIS空间分析技术,对滦县干旱灾害风险进行评估与区划。结果表明,旱灾高风险区多发生在东部古马镇、雷庄镇、响嘡镇、油榨镇等;轻度旱灾风险区一般发生在西部及西北部的山丘地区,如杨柳庄镇、九百户等乡镇。通过实际历史数据验证,滦县干旱灾害风险评估模型比较客观,能够全面反映出滦县的干旱灾害风险水平。对不同的风险区域采取针对性的防治措施,能够最大限度地减少干旱灾害带来的损失。  相似文献   

10.
基于GIS的营口港总体规划生态环境影响分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
规划环境影响评价是目前战略环境评价(SEA)研究中最活跃的领域.港口总体规划属于交通运输规划的范畴,涉及多种生态环境要素,对其实施后的生态环境效应进行分析和评价具有重要的现实意义.以营口港总体规划对大气和水环境影响及其对近海海域生态敏感区的影响为例,采用遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)相结合的技术,建立与评价相关的基于GIS的基础数据平台,运用GIS的空间分析功能对港区规划的生态环境影响进行分析和评估.实例研究表明,营口港规划实施将对陆域生态环境产生一定影响,对于海域生态敏感区的影响则较小.   相似文献   

11.
Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.  相似文献   

12.
The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).  相似文献   

13.
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

14.
Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.  相似文献   

15.
Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.  相似文献   

16.
The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.  相似文献   

17.
The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County < Yunan County <Yun'an County < Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.  相似文献   

18.
Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.  相似文献   

19.
The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.  相似文献   

20.
以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号