中国太阳能光伏产业的发展现状及前景

太阳能作为世界各国21世纪重点发展的可再生清洁能源,其开发利用对我国具有非常重要的战略意义。而太阳能光伏发电作为太阳能开发利用的重点之一,其产业发展迅速,技术日益趋于成熟,具有可观的市场发展前景。本文主要阐述了太阳能光伏技术、国内外太阳能光伏产业的发展现状、国内光伏产业存在的问题等。最后,提出了几点关于国内光伏产业发展的建议并展望了其发展前景。     

太阳能高倍聚光光伏电——热联产复合系统的研究

本项论文以提高太阳能综合利用效率为目标,围绕高效太阳能光电-光热复合利用的理论建模问题,在太阳能高倍聚光光伏发电技术的基础上,发展高效太阳能光电-光热复合利用技术。在提高太阳能综合利用效率的同时,解决高倍聚光光伏发电中太阳能电池冷却这一瓶颈问题,为太阳能利用开辟了一条新的途径,具有广泛的应用前景和重要的社会意义。     

宝鸡市光伏产业发展前景分析

本文从太阳辐照量及温度两个影响太阳能光伏发电的主要自然因素分析了宝鸡市光伏发电的特点,宝鸡市全年太阳能辐照总强度在全国范围内处于中等偏下水平,综合考虑温度因素之后,宝鸡市比处于同等太阳辐照水平的其它大部分城市具有更高的光伏发电效率。研究了宝鸡市本地光伏市场情况、光伏产业基础及政府产业导向,得出应该在宝鸡市发展光伏核心技术、打造光伏产业关键设备及零部件制造基地的结论,以对接太阳能资源最为丰富的华北、西北及西南等地方的广阔市场。     

晋北大力发展光伏发电项目的必要性研究

我国经济社会高速发展的同时,加剧了我国能源供需的矛盾。由于太阳能光伏发电有着无污染、能源可再生的优点,因此应当大力推广发展。本文首先介绍了光伏发电的环保意义,然后结合晋北地区的实际情况,深入的分析了其大力发展光伏发电项目的必要性和具备的优势,最后阐述了晋北地区光伏发电的趋势。     

国内外光伏发电站环境影响评价方法简析

综述光伏发电技术现状,分析比较国内外光伏发电项目的环境影响和评价要求,简述我国的国家风光储输示范工程、敦煌10MAP太阳能光伏发电工程及保加利亚Betapark有限公司4MW光伏发电项目,对比远离城区的光伏电站、城市地区的光伏电站及光伏建筑一体化在施工期、运行期及服务期满后的评价因子,提出国内光伏发电环境影响评价的主要评价因子为生态、固废、噪声、电磁辐射等,为我国光伏电站设计、建设、运行管理及环境保护提供依据,完善国内光伏发电站环境影响评价。     

太阳能电池前景喜人

太阳能是人类取之不尽用之不竭的可再生能源,具有充分的清洁性、绝对的安全性、相对的广泛性、确实的长寿命和免维护性、资源的充足性及潜在的经济性等优点,在长期的能源战略中具有重要地位.我们对太阳能的利用大致可以分为光热转换和光电转换两种方式,其中,光电利用(光伏发电)是近些年来发展最快,也是最具经济潜力的能源开发领域,而太阳能电池是光伏发电系统中的关键部分.     

打造绿色企业 引领光伏清洁能源新风尚——记晶科能源控股有限公司

正晶科能源控股有限公司(以下简称"晶科能源")是一家太阳能光伏企业。公司为中国、美国、日本、德国、英国等地区的地面电站、商业以及民用客户提供太阳能产品、解决方案和技术服务,在全球拥有超过15000名员工、12个全球销售办公室和11个海外分公司。晶科能源的全球研发(RD)团队拥有超过250名光伏专家和研究人员,不断地研发高效的晶硅技术,以降低太阳能发电成本。2011年以来,晶科能源已注册共计121项专利,     

太阳能电池板的性能指标与设计原则

结合光伏建筑发电系统的研究及发展方向,研究光伏建筑发电系统中太阳能电池板的设计原则,以及优化设计的方法。     

太阳能热水器步入产业黄金期

在太阳能产业的发展中,太阳能热水器的热利用转换技术无疑最为成熟,其产业化进程较光伏电池、太阳能发电等产业领先一步.太阳能热水器的工作原理是,利用集热器吸收太阳光,将光能转化成热能,以太阳能代替电或者燃气提供能量,使水变热.目前,对太阳能的利用也主要是在太阳能热水器上,2006年中国太阳能热水器安装量和应用量占全世界五成多.     

天津节能会员组织参观交流——走进光伏世界

<正>本刊讯:日前,天津市能源管理培训学校、《资源节约与环保》杂志社组织天津节能学员、会员单位(市直机关、重点用能单位、设计院、企业)等节能战线上的工作者们,参观国际规模薄膜发电企业——汉能集团总部,现场体验光伏世界!学员们走进光伏世界科技体验馆,参观了国际领先水平的薄膜发电技术,其薄膜光伏技术优越的发电效率、柔韧的弯曲特性,以及质量轻、弱光性好、颜色可调、形状可塑等优势,广泛应用于太阳能汽车、飞机、航空、航天与广阔的民用市场的光伏应用。     

Assessing the uptake of small-scale photovoltaic electricity production in Argentina: the PERMER project

Supplying electricity to remote rural communities in lesser developed countries (LDCs) is key to improving livelihoods and reducing poverty. Decentralised renewable energy systems such as solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity have the potential to provide a viable and sustainable alternative to overcome the physical and economic barriers facing the expansion of low and medium tension grids. This paper critically assesses the impact of small-scale PV systems installed in homes, schools and public buildings over the last six years under the PERMER project—Renewable Energy Project for the Rural Electricity Market—co-funded by a range of public and private sources. The structure of financial subsidies has enabled these remote rural communities to receive an electricity supply that, in many cases, would otherwise not have been possible. Replacing traditional energy sources such as candles and kerosene lamps, the PV electricity systems are providing better quality light, reducing indoor air pollution levels, as well as a means to power communications technologies and extend hours for cultural and productive activities. There are, however, certain technical, organisational and intellectual barriers that remain to be overcome before the project can be considered to be operating optimally.     

Assessment of renewable energy potential and policy in Turkey – Toward the acquisition period in European Union

This paper aims to assess the renewable energy capacity of Turkey in order to consider main priorities in the energy policy of Turkey. In this paper, renewable energy potential and regulatory conditions are discussed in Turkey in comparison with European Union. The results of the study implemented within the framework of EnviroGRIDS project indicated a promising yet very susceptible future for the implementation of renewable energy power plants in Turkey. The forecasts have shown that the solar power potential utilization is becoming more significant after 2020. The projections for 2050 indicate that electricity consumption from small and medium renewable energy sources including solar and wind will constitute 15% of the total, whereas the solar thermal will constitute around 16%. Geothermal and other renewables will remain around 3%. According to the high demand scenario, in 2050 the share of hydropower in overall electricity generation will be 12%, followed by solar power at 7% and wind power at 3%. Additionally, renewable energy policy and regulations in Turkey and in EU are overviewed in this study. On the contrary to EU, the constant feed-in tariff amount does not consider capital investments of specific energy sources in Turkey that brings disadvantage to the implementation. However, new regulations published and currently applied should be accepted as milestones in acquisition period of Turkey in EU.     

Renewable energy resources and technologies in Nigeria: present situation, future prospects and policy framework

Nigeria is endowed with abundant energy resources, both conventional and renewable, whichprovide her with immense capacity to develop an effective national energy plan. However, introduction of renewable energyresources into the nation's energy mix have implications on itsenergy budget. The national energy supply system has been projected intothe future using MARKAL, a large scale linear optimization model.However, this model may not be absolutely representative of the highlynon-linear future of renewable energy. Results of the model reveal that under onlya least cost constraint, only large hydro power technology is the prominentcommercial renewable energy technology in the electricity supply mix of thecountry. Despite the immense solar energy potentials available, solar electricity generation is attractive only under severeCO2 emissions mitigation of the nation's energy supply system. Similarly, the penetration of small-scale hydro power technology in theelectricity supply mix is favoured only under CO₂ emissionsconstraints. Due to economy of scale, large hydropower technology takes the lion share of all the commercial renewableenergy resources share for electricity generation under any CO₂emissions constraint. These analyses reveal that some barriers exist to thedevelopment and penetration of renewable energy resources electricity production in Nigeria's energy supplysystem. Barriers and possible strategies to overcome them arediscussed. Intensive efforts and realistic approachtowards energy supply system in the country will have to be adopted inorder to adequately exploit renewable energy resources and technologiesfor economic growth and development.     

我国取消电价补贴的经济影响——基于电价管制及完全竞争市场的分析

通过构建电力部门细分的CGE模型,分别在电价管制和完全竞争市场背景下,评估了取消电价交叉补贴和可再生能源电价补贴,以及引入碳税政策并将碳税收入转移支付给风电及光伏行业的经济影响.研究发现:取消电价交叉补贴对GDP有负面影响,而取消可再生能源电价补贴后GDP有所提升;相比完全竞争市场,电价管制市场背景下取消电价交叉补贴对GDP的负面冲击强度增加了0.003%,而取消可再生能源电价补贴对GDP的促进作用幅度则相对减小0.056%;同时取消两种补贴时,在电价管制市场背景下GDP相比基准情景下降了0.022%,而在完全竞争市场背景下GDP则增加了0.038%.电价管制市场背景下取消电价补贴对电力结构及能源结构影响较小;而在完全竞争市场背景下取消电价补贴将刺激传统电力消费并导致碳排放有所增加.引入碳税政策并将碳税收入转移支付给风电及光伏行业可以有效控制碳排放并促进电力结构和能源结构改善,但会对行业总产出和GDP产生更大的负面冲击.我国未来应适度放开电价管制,并采取诸如适时征收碳税并将其收入转移支付给风电和光伏行业的支持性政策,推动我国能源结构优化和节能减排目标的实现.     

光伏行业生命周期碳排放清单分析

本研究建立了光伏行业生命周期碳排放清单,并在处置阶段对不同处置情景的碳排放进行比较.通过现场、资料调研和工艺研发应用的方式,获得光伏行业生产、使用、处置阶段及三个情景的资源、能源的输入/输出和污染物排放数据.结果表明：光伏行业碳排放集中在生产阶段,其中又以高纯多晶硅生产过程的碳排放最高;使用阶段碳排放较小,仅为生产阶段的3%;电耗是最主要的碳排放因素,占生产和使用阶段碳排放的64.98%.处置阶段的3种情景的碳排放由大到小依次是填埋 > 拆解 > 热解,除了填埋略微增加碳排放外,拆解和热解都能显著降低行业碳排放,可分别降低6.03%和33.59%.研究显示采用热解回收技术的光伏组件生命周期单位发电量碳排放强度,不仅低于同类研究,还远低于我国当前电力结构的碳排放水平,发展光伏行业可实现环境与能源双赢.     

基于太阳能驱动的有机废气冷凝和吸附回收系统的经济评价

介绍了基于太阳能光伏发电-蓄电池直流供电、集成冷凝法和吸附法的有机废气回收系统。对整个系统进行经济评价,得出该回收系统在其寿命周期内可节约23.07万元左右的电费,但其静态投资回收期为6.1年,大于常规的交流电驱动的油气回收系统的回收期,这是因为太阳能光伏发电系统的造价偏高。如果量产后,预期装置的回收期降为3.01年,小于常规的回收系统。     

A 50 MW concentrating solar power plant for Jordan

The potential of concentrating solar power plant (CSPP) technology in Jordan is assessed and the next steps for development of the first CSPP in the country are presented. For this purpose, a prototype of a 50 MW CSPP for electricity generation in Jordan is proposed and analysis of its economic feasibility has been performed. Moreover, a calculation model – using the concept design of the proposed CSPP, and the solar irradiation data – was developed to estimate the energy yield of the plant. Based on the analyzed solar irradiation data, it was found that Jordan has an outstanding potential for CSPP, especially in the southern locations of the country such as Quweira. At the same time Jordan's energy master plan is seeking for independent energy supply and for an increasing share of renewable energies. Furthermore, Jordan's demand curve over a day closely matches the electricity production of the proposed plant. Combination of these factors creates a very favorable situation. Therefore, establishment of the proposed 50 MW CSPP is highly recommended not only in Jordan, but also in many other countries, which have similar political and economical conditions such as those countries located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.     

上海市电力CO_2排放特征及减排途径分析

电力作为一种二次能源,不同发电方式和发电技术的电力CO2排放系数差别很大。研究发现,上海市2009年电力消费侧的CO2排放高于电力生产侧1 551万t,即上海市净调入电力的CO2排放为1 551万t,可见外来电CO2排放的正确测算对全市及各终端消费部门的CO2排放有重要影响。从排放系数来看,消费侧的CO2排放系数只有生产侧排放系数的81%,得益于外来电中可再生能源比例高于本地电力。2009年由于外来电的引入,上海市电力消费避免了178万t的CO2排放。就火力发电而言,上海市单位发电能耗和CO2排放略低于华东电网平均值,远高于世界先进水平,还有很大下降空间。基于以上研究,从提高火力发电的能效、发展可再生能源、发展分布式供能和其他新能源技术、建设智能电网等方面提出上海市减缓电力CO2排放的途径。     

中国电力行业二氧化碳排放达峰路径研究

电力行业是我国最大的碳排放部门,碳排放量占全国碳排放总量的40%以上;同时,电力将是未来10年能源增长的主体,而这些新增用电与国计民生直接相关,属于刚性需求,是支撑我国经济转型升级和未来居民生活水平提高的重要保障. 电力行业未来新增需求压力巨大,其碳排放峰值及达峰速度将直接决定2030年前全国碳排放达峰目标能否实现. 统筹考虑社会经济发展、各部门用电需求、电源结构调整、发电标准煤耗变化等因素,采用基于情景分析的方法,开展电力行业碳排放趋势预测,识别碳减排的主要驱动因素,提出推动碳排放达峰的关键举措,为制定碳达峰目标背景下的电力行业碳排放控制路径提供参考. 结果表明:①通过积极措施,电力行业碳排放能够在2030年左右达峰,在不考虑热电联产供热碳排放时,于2028—2031年达峰,峰值为43.2×108~44.9×108 t,较2020年增加3.2×108~4.9×108 t;考虑热电联产供热碳排放,则达峰时间为2031—2033年,峰值为50.7×108~53.0×108 t,较2020年增加4.9×108~7.2×108 t. ②在电源结构不变的情况下,如到2030年降低2%左右的电力需求,达峰时间将提前4年左右. ③提速风光新能源发展是实现2030年前碳达峰的必然选择,到2030年,提高风光发电、核电、水电、生物质、气电发电装机容量及发电量、节能降耗措施等各项措施的减排贡献率分别为55.3%、10.6%、9.2%、7.6%、5.7%、11.5%. 研究显示,未来我国电力行业碳减排工作重点要聚焦于优化电源结构、推动形成绿色生产生活方式、提升用电效率、降低煤电机组能耗水平等方面.      

光伏发电和燃煤发电的生命周期评价比较研究

文章运用生命周期评价（life cycle assessment,LCA）的分类、特征化、量化处理的方法,对多晶硅太阳能光伏发电和燃煤发电的全过程进行环境影响评价.通过收集两者的资源消耗量和污染物排放量,建立两者全生命周期资源消耗及污染物排放清单,得到相应的资源消耗系数和环境影响潜值.综合多晶硅太阳能光伏发电和燃煤发电全生命周期评价结果,从资源消耗和环境影响的角度来看,与传统燃煤发电相比,多晶硅太阳能光伏发电具有明显的优势.