合成氨煤、焦制气污水治理

针对以褐煤和焦为原料制气生产合成氨过程中工业污水治理难的问题，提出在原有污水处理设施基础上进行改造的方案，并增设了一段污水净化装置，对悬浮物的处理率达98．65％，处理后水中悬浮物平均浓度为15．89mg／L，实现了褐煤、焦制气污水的排放。     

粉煤灰的组分特征及其系统分类

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射及扫描电镜等手段,从岩石学角度对粉煤灰的组分特征进行了详细观察研究。结果表明:粉煤灰的组分可分为有机组分和无机组分两大类。有机组分包括煤粒和残炭2个亚组;而无机组分则可进一步分为玻璃微珠、磁铁微珠、不定形颗粒、碎屑石英和莫来石。在此基础上,首次提出了粉煤灰显微组分分类系统并对显微组分作了定量统计。      

再生有机膨润土环境修复材料的制备及其在城市污水处理中应用

采用改性剂对再生膨润土环境修复材料进行有机改性制备。研究了其对乌鲁木齐东郊污水处理厂城市污水的吸附作用和影响因素。结果表明：在浆液浓度30％．改性剂7mmol／100g。温度60℃，反应时间80min时，是有机改性的最优条件。该材料对城市污水COD表现出良好的吸附性能，在pH=6、吸附剂用量6g／L、温度25℃、振荡时间20min条件下，污水中COD去除率可达到80．08％。     

靛兰染色废水的电解处理工艺及设备

为了处理牛仔布用靛兰染料染色后产生的废水，采用DQS系列印染废水电解处理设备，经预曝气—电解—气浮—砂滤工艺对该废水进行了处理，结果表明：悬浮物、COD、BOD5及色度的去除率分别为82．8％、86．1％、86．1％及93．2％，所有污染物排放指标均可达到GB8978－88《污水综合排放标准》中一级标准。     

超滤膜联合高级氧化技术深度处理综合工业污水的研究

采用超滤膜联合高级氧化技术对混合工业园区污水中难降解有机污染物、色度、总大肠菌等进行深度处理。结果表明:运行8周后悬浮物、COD、氨氮、总磷和色度的平均去除率分别为92%、90%、70%,63%和90%,总大肠菌去除率达100%。最终出水水质均可达到城市回用水水质标准。     

城市污水厂污泥消化条件对沼气产量的影响

城市污水厂污泥是在处理城市污水时从污水中分离出来的固体物质的总称。它由有机组分与无机组分所组成,是一种含有大量水份,结构疏松的絮状或块粒状物质。一般,有机组分约占60～70％无机组分约占30～40％;还含有多种病原菌与寄生虫卵。目前,处理城市污水厂污泥较好的方法是厌氧消化。即,在缺氧的还原条件下,使其中的     

无机酸处理洗污水工艺的研究

介绍一种用无机酸处理碱洗污水的工艺过程，经小试，中试试验表明，该工艺处理后的污水含油和COD的脱除率均达95％以上。     

改性粉煤灰处理校园生活污水的研究

对粉煤灰进行了酸性改性和碱性改性试验，并用碱性改性粉煤灰对校园生活污水进行了室内小试和野外中试。结果表明：处理后污水中BOD5、COD、SS、NH4＋-N、TN、TP、总大肠菌群数的平均去除率分别为75．2％、68．2％、85．4％、74．3％、45．6％、53．3％、95．4％，pH值略有升高，出水能达到污水综合排放二级标准，可进行回用。     

太湖水体散射特性及其与悬浮物浓度关系模型

水体散射特性与水环境参数如悬浮颗粒及其浓度密切相关.利用Wetlabs公司研制的水体固有光学特性测量系统,于2006-10～2006-11对太湖水体的散射系数和后向散射系数进行了测量.在对水体散射特性分析的基础上,建立了太湖水体颗粒物后向散射系数的光谱模型.此外,利用后向散射率计算水体折射系数,根据折射系数的变化范围,将水中颗粒物的主导因子分为3种类型：①浮游植物主导;②无机颗粒物主导;③两者共同主导.在对散射系数与无机悬浮物、有机悬浮物、总悬浮物浓度相关性分析的基础上,针对颗粒物主导因子的不同,分别建立了散射系数与无机悬浮物浓度的乘幂关系模型.     

WH型高效悬浮物分离器处理石灰软化污水的效果

北钢动力厂石灰软化污水是由锅炉用水的石灰软化排污和高炉煤气洗涤水水质稳定的石灰软化排污所组成。污水发生量250t/h,这种污水浊度高(悬浮物含量为800～4500mg/L,有时高达15000mg/L)。且污染物具有颗粒细、粘性大、石灰质的特征。在一般处理情况下污水呈悬浊状态,很难通过自然沉降使出水悬浮物含量达标。过去一直是直排,不仅使总排口的污染物——悬浮物超标,而且亦污染了环境。     

污水处理厂沉淀池改进方案

根据某污水处理场沉淀池的COD和SS去除率较低的情况，文中着重探讨了问题的产生原因，并针对平流式沉淀池及斜管式沉淀池提出了相应的改进方案，实践证明改进后提高了COD和SS去除率30％，并明显降低了二级生物处理阶段的有机物负荷，节省了大量的暴气量通过改进达到了降低处理场其它环节的负荷和降低污水处理成本的目的。     

两种造纸废水的生化前预处理实验研究

造纸废水可生化性差,处理困难,对其进行生化前预处理具有重要意义。采用无机高分子混凝剂和有机混凝剂联合处理,有助于提高混凝效果。实验研究了两种造纸废水混凝处理的影响因素和处理效果,在实验室条件下进行了单因素实验分析,确定了最佳投药量,得到的结果分别是:卫生纸车间废水为聚合氯化铝(PAC)75 mg/L,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)0.075 mg/L;板纸车间废水为聚合氯化铝(PAC)350 mg/L,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)0.125 mg/L。在此工况下,卫生纸车间废水COD的去除率达到了62.12%,色度去除率达到92.12%,SS去除率达到了95.36%;板纸车间废水COD的去除率达到了44.03%,最佳色度去除率达到90.25%,SS去除率达到93.18%。提高了废水的可生化性,为后续生物处理创造了条件。     

煤灰预处理-好氧生物技术处理有机废水的研究

介绍了煤灰预处理-好氧生物技术对有机废水的处理研究。结果表明,当有机废水中COD_Cr为1162mg/L,SS为382mg/L时,该技术对有机废水COD_Cr的去除率达96.9%,悬浮物的去除率达91.5%,处理废水的运行费用为0.22元/t。      

Evaluation of the effectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for different media

Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)),ammonia (NH4-N),nitrite,nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater.The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2·day),0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2·day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2·day)) and removal effciencies (65%–93%,57%–85% and 78% for COD,NH4-N and TSS,respectively),higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel.The applied loads of COD,ammonia,nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coefficients for Filtralite.Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater,nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2·day).There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter.     

Evaluation of the e ectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for di erent media

Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)), ammonia (NH4-N), nitrite, nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater. The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2 day), 0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2 day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2 day)) and removal e ciencies (65%–93%, 57%–85% and 78% for COD, NH4-N and TSS, respectively), higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel. The applied loads of COD, ammonia, nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coe cients for Filtralite. Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater, nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2 day). There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter.     

Monitoring of non-point source pollutants load from a mixed forest land use

The aim of this study was to determine the unit load of NPS (non-point source) pollutants including organic variables such as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand),COD (chemical oxygen demand) and DOC (dissolved organic carbon),nitrogen and phosphorus constituents,and suspended solids (SS) and their event mean concentration (EMC) of runoff flows from a water-shed of mixed forest land use by intensive field experiments.Field monitoring for continuous measurements of rainfall,flow,and water quality was conducted over 12 storm events during 2008–2009 using automated and manual sampling methods.The EMCs of individual runoff event were estimated for each water quality constituent based on the flow rate and concentration data of runoff discharge.The average EMCs of BOD,COD,DOC,SS,TN (total nitrogen),NH 4+ -N,NO 3- -N,TP (total phosphorus),PO 43- -P from the mixed forest land were 1.794,3.498,1.462,10.269,0.862,0.044,0.634,0.034,and 0.005 mg/L,respectively.The annual unit loads of BOD,COD,DOC,SS,TN,NH 4+ -N,NO 3- -N,TP and PO 43--P were estimated as 66.9,133.2,55.5,429.8,36.5,1.6,26.9,1.3 and 0.1 kg/(ha·yr),respectively.In addition,affecting parameters on the EMCs were investigated by statistic analysis of the field data.As a result,significant correlations with precipitation,rainfall intensity,and total runoff flows were found in most constituents.     

活性污泥法处理甲苯废气吸收液的研究

以甲苯废气吸收液为研究对象,利用活性污泥法降解吸收液中的污染物,研究了吸收液与生活污水混合比,重点分析了反应体系降解中污染物COD、SS、SCOP和甲苯的浓度变化。实验结果表明,当吸收液与生活污水体积比为5:95,曝气量5L/min,连续曝气4h的条件下,COD、SS、SCOP和甲苯的去除率达到77.18%、94.59%、100%和89.47%,甲苯的好氧降解符合准一级动力学方程。     

某海洋油田采油废水混凝实验研究

无机铝盐混凝剂处理采油废水的实验表明,PAC在最佳投药量即750mg／L时,COD、BODs、KS和总P的去除率分别为64％、52．8％、91．5％和78．3％。Al2（SO4）3和PAM的投药量为750mg／L和1mg／L时,COD、BOD5、SS和总P的去除率分别为61．5％、40．9％、91．4％和75．3％。出水BODs／COD由0．32提高至0．42,可生化性明显提高。     

北京西郊城市污水人工快滤处理与利用系统

以人工土壤作为惨滤介质处理城市污水在北京西部进行了两年中试工程运行试验研究结果表明,人工快滤处理系统对城市污水具有较高的去除率,其对 COD,BOD₅,SS,TN和 P的年平均去除率分别为 90.2％,96.4％,95.1％,32.3％和 30.2％;处理出水中 COD,BOD₅,和SS的年平均浓度分别为 39.8,3.80和 11.1mg/L;人工快滤床的年平均渗滤速率、水力负荷率和有机负荷分别为0.339cm/min, 208m/a和14.9kgBOD₅/（m2·a）;用处理出水灌溉蔬菜和水稻不会引起硝酸盐和重金属的明显积累．     

ABR处理乳品废水的研究

在中温条件下采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理乳品废水厌氧产氢发酵后的出水,研究了反应器的启动情况,考察了pH和HRT对运行效果的影响,并对有无添加填料的两种ABR的性能进行了比较。结果表明:采用固定HRT并逐步增大进水浓度的启动方式,反应器能在88 d内完成启动。在pH为7～8,HRT为24～48 h时,ABR对COD和SS均有较好的去除效果。当进水COD为3 000 mg/L、SS为200mg/L左右、容积负荷1.5～3 kg COD/(m.3d)时,COD去除率达95%以上,SS去除率在84%以上。在ABR中加入聚乙烯多孔小球填料,可使反应器有更强的抗冲击负荷能力。