废气和环境空气中糠醛监测分析方法的研究

糠醛在常温下经 2 ,4-二硝基苯肼的酸性饱和溶液吸收后 ,衍生形成糠醛腙 ,经二硫化碳萃取后 ,通过 SE-3 0色谱柱分离 ,以氢火焰离子化检测器检测。实验证明方法准确可靠 ,适用于废气和环境空气中糠醛的监测     

糠醛衍生化-气相色谱(NPD)法测定水中水合肼

通过研究影响水样中水合肼的糠醛衍生化物的衍生化、萃取,及气相色谱的分离和氮磷检测器(NPD)的测定条件,建立了糠醛衍生化-气相色谱(NPD)法测定水中水合肼的新分析方法。实验结果表明,用糠醛衍生化、乙酸乙酯萃取肼的糠醛衍生化物,气相色谱-NPD检测器测定肼的糠醛衍生化物,水合肼糠醛衍生化物的萃取率为89.3%~93.4%,在0~200 μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.014 μg/L,加标回收率为81.7%~99.4%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~6.3%。方法特异性好、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,实用,适于水中水合肼的监测。     

GC/MS测定环境空气中的糠醛

本文采用活性炭管对糠醛厂厂界空气中糠醛进行吸附,选用适当的有机溶剂进行解吸,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)方法对空气中糠醛进行定性、定量分析。此方法适用于环境空气中糠醛的测定。     

糠醛生产废水的治理

针对糠醛生产废水特点,提出了采用回收醋酸钠方法对糠醛工艺废水进行治理的方案,并进行效益分析.结果表明,该治理工艺流程容易控制,操作方便、运行平稳,可实现糠醛生产工艺废水零排放.具有良好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,适用于糠醛废水治理.     

糠醛渣二次提取糠醛的经济及环境意义

通过研究与试验,对湿糠醛渣以压滤的方法,取其渣液并进行提纯,可获得糠醛产品。此法具有较明显的经济效益,并可减轻糠醛渣在堆放过程中带来的环境污染,其在清洁生产和循环经济方面有看积极意义。     

综合治理糠醛废水的研究

糠醛塔底废水含1—2.5％的乙酸,将该废水通过90—120对膜组装的400×1600mm电渗析分离,可回收浓度为18—20％的乙酸,再经萃取、精馏得工业一级乙酸。治理后的外排水含酸量小于0.02％,可安全排放或回用。治理糠醛废水回收乙酸的电渗析-萃取-精馏工艺已实现了工业化。     

糠醛制造业清洁生产工艺与装备的现状分析和展望

糠醛制造业属重污染行业,随着国民经济和社会的发展,糠醛制造行业面临的资源和环境压力也越来越大。尽快出台糠醛制造业清洁生产标准,势在必行。本文重点阐述了目前中国糠醛制造业生产工艺与装备的现状,并加以具体地分析。同时,从清洁生产的角度针对糠醛制造业清洁生产标准中生产工艺与装备要求方面的制订提出合理化建议。从而,促进糠醛制造行业持续、稳定、健康的发展,推进糠醛生产行业的环境污染防治工作。     

糠醛废水处理工程试验研究

本主要介绍了糠醛废水的产生、规模危害及主要治理方法，着重阐述应用UASB加生物接触氧化法处理糠醛废水的成功经验。     

吉林省糠醛工业发展现状与地方环境标准的比对分析

糠醛工业属重污染行业。本文结合吉林省糠醛工业实际生产状况和污染防治的发展趋势,针对糠醛工业粉尘、甲醇、丙酮、气态糠醛及臭气浓度排放量的实测数据进行了系统的比对分析,并为吉林省《糠醛工业污染物控制要求》中"大气污染物排放要求"的进一步完善、升级提出了合理化建议。     

含钛高炉渣光催化降解糠醛废水

利用含钛高炉渣作为光催化材料光催化降解糠醛废水,采用静态试验的方法研究了粉末含钛高炉渣光催化降解糠醛废水的部分影响因素。在糠醛废水溶液浓度一定的条件下,存在一个最佳投放量为0.7g,降解率为63%,并且催化剂粒径越小催化效果越好,粒径为2μm时,降解率为36%。废水温度30℃时,处理效率最高,达到22%。在酸性条件下,催化剂催化效果稳定。因此含钛高炉渣作为光催化材料对糠醛废水有降解作用。     

粒状活性炭处理水样并采用紫外分光光度法快速测定水中的硝酸盐氮

介绍一种通过用粒状活性炭处理水样并采用紫外分光光度法快速测定水中硝酸盐氮的方法,用粒状活性炭处理水样以消除干扰,使水中硝酸盐氮得到了快速而又准确的测定。     

The time of appearance and disappearance of fetal DNA from the maternal circulation

A single copy Y-chromosome DNA sequence was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the peripheral blood of 30 women who had achieved a pregnancy through an in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme. The time of conception was known precisely and was confirmed by serial ultrasound scans. Conceptions were dated as the number of weeks after fertilization plus 2, to give a time equivalent to the obstetric menstrual dating of the pregnancy (LMP). Y-chromosome-specific DNA was detected in all pregnancies with a male fetus (18/30). The earliest detection was at 4 weeks and 5 days, and the latest at 7 weeks and 1 day. Y-chromosome-specific sequences were no longer detected in any of the male pregnancies 8 weeks after delivery. No Y-chromosome sequences were detected in any of the pregnancies where only female babies were delivered. This demonstrates that fetal DNA appears in the maternal circulation early in the first trimester, that it can be identified in all pregnancies tested by 7 weeks, that it continues to be present throughout pregnancy, and that it has been cleared from the maternal circulation 2 months after parturition. Early non-invasive prenatal diagnosis for aneuploidies and inherited disorders will be possible in all pregnancies if fetal cells can be isolated free from maternal contamination (or identified accurately in the presence of maternal cells) without problems of contamination from previous pregnancies.     

滴滴涕在我国典型POPs污染场地中的空间分布研究

在多年生产滴滴涕(DDT)的企业厂区内及周围布设采样点,采取不同深度的土壤进行分析,研究了POPs污染场地中DDT的空间分布规律.结果表明,生产厂区污染严重,在土壤表层,生产车间周围DDT的含量高达104mg·kg-1以上,离车间边界300m远处仍能检测到DDT,污染扩散范围与风向呈现一定相关性;在土壤深层,浓度随深度增加迅速降低,含量梯度变化最大为0.2～3m,3m以下土壤中浓度较小,10m深处浓度最高不超过8.89mg·kg-1.DDT的降解产物DDD和DDE在各个采样点均能检出,其降解率与含水率没有相关性.不同类型土壤中DDT的降解率存在很大差异,降解程度为粉砂(或粉土)＞黏土(或粉质黏土)＞杂填土.深层土壤中降解为DDD较为明显.(DDD DDE)/DDT比值显示,土壤中DDT为新输入的.     

低温下玉米秸秆与牛粪混合厌氧发酵产气特性研究

通过静态试验,探究在15℃的低温条件下,经过预处理的玉米秸秆和牛粪,在不同混合配比下厌氧发酵的产气特性。试验结果表明:将牛粪与秸秆按1∶1配比的产气效果最好,相对于配比为2∶1、3∶1的累积产气量分别高出52.66%和73.60%。随着发酵过程进行,COD波动很大。发酵过程中碳源主要由玉米秸秆提供,秸秆所占比例越大,COD降解率越高。日产气量达到高峰的时间稍滞后于VFA,秸秆比例越大的组别,VFA整体处于越高水平。而辅酶F420与产气量之间关系不显著。发酵初期CMC酶活力变化显著,且以玉米秸杆与牛粪配比为1∶1为配比的一组CMC酶活力高于其余2组,最高值达到了15.042 U/g。     

草丁膦人工抗原的合成与免疫效价的测定

用戊二醛作为交联剂合成草丁磷-卵清蛋白(oviparous,OVA)人工抗原,通过紫外吸收、31P核磁扫描的方法检测和鉴定草丁磷人工抗原,并用此合成抗原免疫小鼠,检测抗体的生成。结果表明,人工抗原紫外吸收光谱与OVA、草丁磷光谱相比发生了改变,人工抗原、草丁磷31P核磁光谱位移大致相同,通过计算人工抗原中草丁磷与卵清蛋白的偶联比是36.7∶1。免疫小鼠数周后在其血清中检测出抗体(其血清的效价为1∶320000)。草丁磷人工抗原合成及对小鼠的免疫成功,为制备草丁磷单克隆抗体打下了基础。     

垂直防渗帷幕渗漏条件下示踪剂迁移模拟

为研究抽水-示踪联合检测垂直柔性污染阻隔屏障（VFBS）渗漏的可行性、灵敏度和影响因素,构建了相应的概念模型.利用等效渗透系数（EHC）方法耦合井筒-含水层水流运动,在此基础上利用多物理场仿真数值模型模拟了人工水力诱导下示踪剂通过VFBS缺陷的穿透过程和规律.结果表明：在抽水诱导下,VFBS两侧形成人为的水力压差加速了示踪剂穿过漏洞的速度.但整体上,穿过漏洞的示踪剂仍然是极少部分,大部分示踪剂围绕注入井分布.在典型条件下（漏洞深度2.2m、大小0.5m、注入浓度1000μg/L和流速1L/h）,示踪剂在对侧监测井中于第4d检出,第5d达到峰值.漏洞越深,峰值浓度越低,检出时间越长.深度增至4m以上时,示踪剂无法在对侧检出.以典型条件中4m漏洞深度为例,漏洞水平位置的偏移也会降低峰值浓度,偏移4m时,示踪剂无法在对侧检出;投加浓度越大,峰值浓度越大,但峰值时间不变,浓度小于2000μg/L时,示踪剂无法检出;漏洞尺寸越大,峰值浓度越大,均在第6d达到峰值浓度,但均不能检出,预测漏洞边长至少为1.07m时,示踪剂方可在对侧检出.总体上,按照对示踪剂穿透过程影响大小排序：水平偏移距离 > 漏洞深度 > 漏洞大小 > 投加浓度.     

水中丁基黄原酸的测定

利用萃取比色法测定水中丁基黄原酸的方法,本方法的检出限为0.004mg/L、测定上限为120ug,实际水样的测定相对标准偏差均小于6.85%。利用不同方法对样品进行分析测试,无明显差异。实验表明:本方法具有相关好、线性范围宽,准确等特点。     

Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of radial-ray reduction malformations

Radial-ray reduction malformations (RRRMs) may occur isolated or in association with other anomalies. The data of seven fetuses born with RRRMs were collected. Six fetuses had associated lethal abnormalities of the central nervous system, urogenital system, and/or heart, detected by ultrasound. In five cases, it was possible to establish the precise diagnosis, enabling an informed prognosis and subsequent genetic counselling. The diagnoses were: Edwards syndrome (n=3), VACTERL association (n=1), and Poland-Moebius-like complex (n= 1). In two cases, a complete diagnosis was not possible because of inadequate evaluation of these fetuses before and/or after birth. A proposal is given for the diagnostic approach for infants with RRRMs detected in the antenatal period by means of ultrasonography.     

关于高氯废水COD分析的多种方法的比对

本实验采用氯气校正法和低浓度重铬酸钾氧化法来分别测定高氯废水的COD值,两种方法主要针对氯离子浓度小于8000mg／l,COD值小于110mg／l的水样进行分析。试验结果表明：采用氯气校正法虽然可行,但是实验装置复杂,可控性差,数据结果精密度差,准确度不高;采用低浓度重铬酸钾氧化法进行高氯废水的coD测定,结果较为准确,且操作同国家标准法（GB11914—89）基本一致,操作过程简单可行,实用价值高。     

Fetal presentation of morquio disease type A

A fetus with mucopolysaccharidosis type IV A (Morquio type A) is described. The family had one affected child exhibiting symptoms of classical Morquio A disease, and late in the subsequent pregnancy prenatal diagnosis was requested. At 23 weeks' gestation, moderate ascites was detected by detailed ultrasound scan and keratan sulphate was found in the amniotic fluid. The pregnancy was terminated by prostaglandin induction and the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type IV A was confirmed by demonstration of a deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphate (GalNac-6-S) sulphatase in cultured amniotic cells and in post-mortem fibroblast cultures. The activities of β-galactosidase and arylsulphatase A were normal, ruling out Morquio disease type B and multiple sulphatase deficiency. These results indicate that mucopolysaccharidosis IV A (a disease that predominantly affects the skeletal system) may produce ascites in the fetus to such an extent that it can be detected by ultrasound.