黄孢原毛平革菌对碱性紫5BN的脱色降解研究

目的 建立黄孢原毛平革菌与10、50、100mg/L碱性紫5BN的共培养体系,研究菌种和培养条件对脱色降解效果的影响。方法 采用分光光度法测定培养液最大吸收波长处吸光度的改变,确定染料的脱色率及降解率。结果 (1)OGC101菌株的降解能力明显强于BKM-F-1767菌株,培养液最大吸收波长向短波方向移动,说明染料的N-去甲基化和降解中间物的形成;(2)琥珀酸钠缓冲液、04mM藜芦醇(VA)、浅层静置培养的参数组合较佳;(3)共培养30d后,各样品的脱色降解率为54％-98％;(4)染料浓度与脱色降解效应的相关性,因菌种而异。     

不同结构阳离子染料好氧生物脱色性能的研究

采用好氧驯化活性污泥对5种不同结构阳离子染料的生物脱色效果进行了动态观察,并在不同醋酸浓度下对脱色效果的影响进行了研究,结果表明,在好氧条件下,活性污泥对阳离子染料的脱色率较高,阳离子红GTL和阳离子艳蓝2RL(浓度为2 0mg L)的脱色率分别达93%和98% ;提高污泥浓度对染料脱色率的影响不明显;醋酸(2 0 0～12 0 0mg L)和染料(2 0～10 0mg L)浓度的改变对阳离子红2GL、阳离子红GTL、阳离子艳蓝2RL、碱性绿染料的脱色率影响不大,揭示这几种结构阳离子染料的生物脱色是吸附和后续生物降解共同作用的结果;而随醋酸浓度增加,阳离子红6B的脱色率增加,是与醋酸产生共代谢作用的结果。     

滑动弧等离子体处理三种染料废水的研究

偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ、吩嗪染料中性红和三苯甲烷染料碱性艳蓝BO是3种具有代表性的常用工业染料。通过气液两相滑动弧放电等离子体产处理这3种染料,对其脱色效果、反应动力学、降解效果及降解路径进行了分析。实验结果显示:当放电电压10 k V、频率50 Hz、载气(空气)流速0.8 m~3/h、液体流速60 m L/min、染料溶液体积500 m L、浓度200 mg/L,放电处理60 min时,滑动弧等离子体对染料溶液的具有较好的脱色效果,酸性橙II、中性红和碱性艳蓝BO的脱色率分别为84.1%、72.7%与89.7%。3种染料的脱色反应符合一级反应动力学规律,其中碱性艳蓝在前30 min的脱色速率最快,可达0.0631 min~(-1),远大于酸性橙II和中性红,而后30 min的反应速率均明显放慢,低于酸性橙II和中性红的同期脱色速率。滑动弧等离子体对3种染料的降解效果(COD去除率)不高,经过60 min的处理降解率分别仅为27.4%、37.3%和28.2%。最后,通过降解过程中的UV-Vis色谱变化对3种染料的降解路径作了初步推测,即等离子体先破坏染料的发色体系与共轭体系,随后发生开环反应,最后再降解为小分子结构。     

稻草基质中白腐菌降解三苯甲烷类染料机制探讨

通过研究稻草固体基质及其不同处理形式、木质素酶、木质纤维素共降解等对染料降解的影响,探讨了侧耳属白腐菌BP在稻草固体基质中对三苯甲烷类染料的降解及作用机制.结果表明,稻草固体基质中染料降解主要是以木质素酶系作用为基础的共降解过程.但对不同染料起降解作用的因素不同,其中溴酚蓝的降解主要依靠木质素酶系作用,孔雀绿的降解依靠以木质素酶系为基础的共降解作用,而结晶紫的降解则主要随木质纤维素的降解作用而共降解.     

黄孢原平革菌对碱性紫5BN的脱色降解研究

建立黄孢原毛平革菌与１０、５０、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ碱性紫５ＢＮ的共培养体系，研究菌种和培养条件对脱色降解效果的影响。方法采用分光光度法测定培养液最大吸收波长处吸光度的改变，确定染料的脱色率及降解率。     

菌种品系及VA对黄孢原毛平革菌降解两种染料的影响

黄孢原毛平革菌的不同品系与染料亚甲基蓝的比布列希猩红的浅层静培养表明，对于亚甲基蓝而言，ME-446降解能力最强，OGC101和BKM-F-1767相似；以比布列希猩红为底物，则OGC101最好，ME-446其次，最后为BKM-F-1767。虽然外源藜芦醇（VA）的补充在培养初期有利于染料脱色降解率的提高；但一周后，与不添加VA的样品比较，脱色降解率接近或相等。这说明菌的品系存在降解能力的差异，完整菌体自身合成的VA足以维持降解培养体系的正常运作。     

黄孢原毛平革菌对6种染料的脱色降解

在黄孢原毛平革菌与6种染料的液体静培养体系中,不同浓度的染料均发生脱色降解。共培育30 d时,刚果红、直接冻黄G和活性翠蓝KN－G达到92%～99％的脱色率。10,50,100 mg/L活性翠蓝KN－G,50,100 mg/L金莲橙O与天青蓝A,100 mg/L活性艳蓝KN－R的降解率达70%以上;18个样品中60%的降解率超过50%。生物吸附和生物降解是2个重要过程。研究表明,黄孢原毛平革菌对各种染料类群具有广谱有效的脱色降解能力。      

黄孢原毛平革菌反复脱色模拟染料废水的试验研究

研究了白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌在35℃、150r／min条件下培养3d后，培养基类型、染料浓度以及反复脱色次数对其脱色的影响。玉米芯浸出液是首选的可替代营养源的物质，培养3d的黄孢原毛平革菌6h脱色率即达92％。黄孢原毛平革菌能够在短时间(6h)基本脱色较高浓度(40mg／L，60mg／L)的活性艳红K-2BP模拟染料废水，对于低浓度(10mg／L，20mg／L)脱色作用则比较缓慢，浓度超过150mg／L即显示出对菌的毒性作用。玉米芯浸出液培养3d的菌可以重复脱色模拟废水6次以上，每批脱色率均在82％以上，但菌球的沉降性能变差。     

真菌和细菌对染料的吸附脱色及再生能力的研究

进行了真菌和细菌共培养对染料的吸附脱色和吸附脱色能力再生的研究。结果表明，青霉菌G－1首先对偶氮染料S－119、蒽醌染料艳紫KN－B（C．I．Reactive violet 22）水溶液中染料进行快速吸附去除，菌丝对同种染料的吸附速度随菌丝培养液中葡萄糖浓度的增加而加快，吸附染料的G－1菌丝在与细菌的共培养中完成对染料的脱色降解，脱色速度受培养液中葡萄和氮源浓度影响较大，从吸附速率和完全脱色时间综合评价，以葡萄糖浓度为5g/L、酒石酸铵为20mmol/L的培养基中培养的菌丝对染料的吸附脱色效果最好，吸附在菌丝上的艳紫KN－B脱色后菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生，菌丝对100mg/L的艳紫KN－B染料水溶液可重复处理4次。青霉菌G－1对酸性染料废水处理3h，色度去除率为75．9％，吸附染料的菌丝在与细菌共培养中完成对染料的脱色，对试验所用染料废水，菌丝的处理能力获得1次再生。     

沼泽红假单胞菌H3对酸性红B2GL染料的厌氧脱色和降解作用

从印染厂污泥中分离到一株沼泽红假单胞菌（ＲｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓＨ３），在光照厌氧条件下该菌生长细胞可将１００ｍｇ／Ｌ酸性红Ｂ２ＧＬ染料去除到３０ｍｇ／Ｌ．完整细胞脱色的最适条件为ｐＨ７０，温度３０℃，细胞浓度２０—２５ｍｇ／ｍＬ（湿重）．低浓度的阳离子对脱色影响不大．在通Ａｒ气使严格厌氧和加有还原性辅酶Ｉ的条件下无细胞提取液的脱色活性最高，比活率为１５４×１０－２ｍｇ／（ｍｇ·ｈ）．根据降解产物的分析，推断了该菌对酸性红染料的降解代谢途径．     

Decolorization of dye solutions with Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud and the isolated bacteria

Application of Ruditapes Philippinarum conglutination mud (RPM) for decolorizing synthetic dye solutions was studied. RPM showed good activity for decolorization of Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, and Ink Blue. The amount of the RPM had great effect on the decoloration rate of the dye solutions. However, the decoloration rate did not continue to increase when the amount of mud exceeded the optimum dose. The temperature of the dye solution had a remarkable effect on the decolorization rate of Ink Blue solution, but had little effect on the other three dye solutions. The initial pH of the dye solutions evidently affected the decolorization rate of Malachite Green solution, but had less effect on the other three. The decolorization rate of the dye solutions increased significantly with treatment time within 8 hr, but tended to be steady after 8 hr for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green solutions, and after 12 hr for Ink Blue solution. The decolorization efficiencies for the four dye solutions under the optimum conditions were all above 90%. Seventeen strains screened from RPM showed flocculation ability for kaolin clay suspension. Out of them, the flocculation rate of strain ZHT3-9 and strain ZHT4-13 were up to 88.14% and 86.01%, respectively. ZHT3-9 was studied, and its decolorization rate for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, and Malachite Green reached 90.02%, 89.21%, and 80.29%, respectively. By morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain ZHT3-9 was identified as Arthrobacter sp.     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas otitidis WL-13 and its capacity to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes

Pseudomonas otitidis WL-13, which has a high capacity to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes, was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant of a dyeing industry. This strain exhibited a remarkable color-removal capability when tested against several triphenylmethane dyes under both shaking and static conditions at high concentrations of dyes. More than 95% of Malachite Green and Brilliant Green was removed within 12 h at 500 μmol/L dye concentration under shaking conditions. Cry...     

水泥负载TiO2光催化降解染料水溶液的研究

研究了以ＴｉＯ２为催化剂，且将ＴｉＯ２涂布在模拟工业水处理浅池的水泥质池底表面，以直管高压汞灯为光源，对有机染料酸性玫瑰红Ｂ和晒化绿Ｂ进行光催化降解的可行性。结果表明，在实验条件下，本系统对以上染料有显著的光降解作用，浓度为２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的上述二种染料溶液，经３０ｍｉｎ光照，其降解率分别达８８．２％，此外，还探讨了染料浓度，染料体积、染料溶液ＰＨ值等因素对光降解的影响。     

Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

附着态TiO_2光降解可溶性染料的研究

研究了以黄砂为载体、TiO2为催化剂，在铁离子存在的条件下．以直管高压汞灯为光源．用模拟工业浅池的光反应器，对有机染料酸性玫瑰红B和晒化绿B进行光催化降解的可行性。结果表明，在实验条件下，本系统对以上染料有显著的光降解作用。浓度为25mg／L．的上述2种染料溶液，经30min光照，其降解率分别达92．4％和91．3％。此外，还探讨了铁离子浓度、染料浓度、染料体积、染料溶液pH值等因素对光降解的影响。     

Comparison of decolorization of reactive microorganisms isolated from various sources

Azo dyes are among the oldest man-made chemicals and they are still widely used in the textile, printing and the food industries.About 10% - 15% of the total dyes used in the industry is released into the environment during the manufacturing and usage. Some dyes and some of their N-substituted aromatic bio-transformation products are toxic and/or carcinogenic and therefore these dyes are considered to beenvironmental pollutants and health hazards. These azo dyes are degraded by physico-chemical and biological methods. Of these, biological methods are considered to be the most economical and efficient. In this work, attempts were made to degrade these dyes aerobically. Theorganisms which were efficient in degrading the following azo dyes-Red RB, Remazol Red, Remazol Blue, Remazol Violet, Remazol Yellow,Golden Yellow, Remazol Orange, Remazol Black- were isolated from three different sources viz., wastewater treatment plant, paper milleffluent treatment plant and tannery was tewater treatment plant. The efficiency of azo dye degradation by mixed cultures from each source wasanalyzed. It was found that mixed cultures from tannery treatment plant worked efficiently in decolorizing Remazol Red, Remazol Orange,Remazol Blue and Remazol Violet, while mixed cultures from the paper mill effluent worked efficiently in decolorizing Red RB, Golden Yellow and Remazol Yellow. The mixed cultures from wastewater treatment plant efficiently decolorized Remazol Black.     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-I,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei．该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg／L的培养基,最大脱色率为99％,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h．克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5％（体积分数）,培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源（NH4）2S04浓度不低于0．1％,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0．5％．对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色．此外,该菌株对另外9种染料（50mg／L）的脱色率在62％～96％之间．其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90％以上,对三苯甲烷染料（酸性媒介漂蓝B）的脱色率达到了93％．表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能．