江西省万载县野猫冲铜矿控矿构造特征及找矿意义

江西省万载县野猫冲铜矿床为中低温热液(成矿流体)沿构造破碎带蚀变-蚀变岩型铜矿床。在地表地质调查、钻孔岩芯考察及岩矿鉴定的基础上,对野猫冲铜矿控矿构造进行详细研究,表明北东东向大型叠瓦状推(滑)覆构造控制矿区内各地质单元的延深与展布,北东向韧性剪切变形带控制矿区铜金矿体的展布,矿体呈似层状赋存于韧性剪切断裂之间的次级层间破碎带和小断裂带内,带内发育较强的动热变质,硅化、绢云母化和绿泥石化发育。矿石以黄铜矿为主,贫硫,成矿流体具有多期次的活动、叠加改造的特点。上栗-潭埠-宜丰断裂带自西至东已发现20余处铜多金属矿床(点),显示该带具有巨大找矿潜力。     

广东潮安四望坪铜矿区断裂控矿特征

广东潮安四望坪铜矿以岩浆期后热液交代充填成矿为特征,在其三位一体(岩浆岩、断裂/层间滑动破碎带、围岩)的控矿组合中,以流纹斑岩、晶屑凝灰岩的层间滑动破碎带为最佳.本文从矿区资料的综合研究入手,深入剖析了岩浆岩、断裂、围岩圈闭条件与矿体规模、富集程度的关系;旨在通过对矿区地质环境与矿床成因的深入分析,建立火山期后热液矿床的断裂控矿模式,为粤东火山岩地区该类矿床的发现提供理论上的启示.     

内蒙甲─查银多金属矿区控矿构造

内蒙甲一查银多金属矿床是由燕山期构造岩浆作用形成的后火山热液脉状矿床。矿体的形态、产状、厚度、品位等完全受控于成矿期断裂的性质及其产状、规模。本文论述了矿区的控矿断裂特征，并指出在进一步找矿中应注意采用构造地球化学方法、追索和寻找活动时间较长、规模较大、成矿期为张剪性或压剪性的NWW、NNW向断裂。     

喀麦隆东部省贝克铜多金属矿区地质特征和成矿作用分析

本文以海外风勘选区评价项目为基础,结合该地区已探明的多处铜矿床特征,贝克矿区铜矿赋存于台缘中-基性安山岩-玄武岩杂岩体中,产于安山熔岩上部的构造裂隙带中,伴随着矿化作用,产生围岩蚀变,形成脉型铜矿(化)体。区内铜多金属矿为火山作用与后期热液作用叠加成矿,矿区内安山熔岩裂隙带为高渗透带,既可作流体物质运移的通道,又可成为良好的成矿场所,为寻找分布于火山口内、火山颈下的次火山岩体中块状硫化物型铜矿脉,次火山岩型铜矿床指明远景区。     

河南省嵩县东湾-蛮峪金矿床地质特征及找矿意义

本文通过对东湾金矿矿区的地质概况、矿床地质特征的分析研究,得出东湾金矿是岩浆热液形成的构造蚀变岩型金矿,成矿时代属燕山晚期,燕山期岩浆活动不仅提供强大的热动力条件,而且还从矿源层中携带大量的成矿物质,在构造有利部位,尤其是NNE向断裂构造部位沉淀富集成矿,总结出了找矿标志和预测了今后的找矿方向。     

云南维西大宝山铜矿~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学及成矿物质来源

云南大宝山铜矿是雪龙山成矿带规模较大的浅成中低温热液型铜矿床。文章通过对该矿区黄铜矿+石英+方解石+菱铁矿矿脉中白云母进行~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,获得白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar法年龄为26±2.5 Ma,代表大宝山铜矿的年龄;H、O同位素分析结果表明成矿流体是以大气降水为主并含有部分岩浆水的建造水;S同位素分析结果表明,主要金属矿物的δ34S值为-5.4‰~+1.3‰,表明成矿物质主要来源于深部岩浆;C同位素分析结果表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆—地幔,并受大气降水影响。根据围岩蚀变及围岩中Cu丰度等特征,推断大宝山铜矿成矿物质主要来源于深部岩浆,成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合物。     

江西会昌曲水坑锡矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

曲水坑锡矿床位于锡坑迳锡矿田东部,大地构造位置处于南岭东西向构造带东段与武夷山北北东向隆起带南段西坡复合部位,成矿地质条件优越。通过分析区域地质、矿区地质及矿床地质特征,认为曲水坑锡矿床属于岩浆期后高—中温热液交代充填型矿床,似斑状(黑云母)花岗岩形成之后,岩浆分异的含矿热液沿断层破碎带、裂隙等导矿构造运移并在有利部位富集成矿。系统总结了岩浆岩、构造、赋矿地层、赋矿围岩、围岩蚀变、地球化学、铁帽等找矿标志,并对矿体沿走向和倾向方向的延伸、厚度、品位变化特征及共(伴)生资源进行了分析,为该地区寻找同类型矿床提供参考。     

滇东北乐红铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿远景

乐红铅锌矿自20世纪50年代以来就有多家地勘单位先后进行过普查找矿,均以"层控"观点为指导没有进展而中途下马,90年代后期,云南第一地质大队以"构控"新思路开展新一轮找矿,获得突破性进展。在研究区域成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及控矿地质因素的基础上,认为矿床为受断裂构造控制的热液充填交代型铅锌(银)矿床,并根据控矿断裂特征及成矿地质条件,指出乐红矿区及外围具有形成大型矿床的找矿远景,应该加强该区的地质找矿工作。     

江西九瑞地区铜金成矿的时空结构及演化

九瑞铜金多金属矿区是长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分。近几年该区的深部铜金找矿工作取得重要进展,成矿研究从与斑岩有关的似层状矽卡岩型、斑岩型"三位一体"铜矿床模式进一步发展为铜钼叠合"多位一体"矿床模式。本区的成矿时空结构表现为:区域上受中石炭系黄龙组赋矿层位影响;垂深上存在多层分布结构,地表呈带状分带结构;成矿受"四带一面"制约。利用多种测年技术获得的九瑞矿集区内含矿岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄均介于140～146 Ma之间,成矿年龄在其稍后1～3 Ma。大规模成矿作用发生在中国东部由EW向构造向NE-NNE向构造彻底转换之际,形成于岩石圈大规模拆沉的构造背景。     

江西盛源火山盆地构造对铀成矿的控制

江西盛源火山盆地铀矿地质找矿工作以往更多关注早白垩世打鼓顶组和鹅湖岭组的含矿性以及早寒武世外管坑组矿源层等问题,忽视了构造对铀成矿的控制作用。文章在收集和整理前人研究成果的基础上,结合近些年来该区铀矿地质调查工作取得的最新成果,探讨构造对该区铀成矿的控制作用,并总结铀成矿规律。不同时期、级别、性质和序次的断裂组成控矿构造系统;萍乡—广丰深断裂带控制武功山—铅山铀成矿带呈近EW向展布,较大规模的"构造结"决定铀矿田的产出位置,低级别的EW向、NE向和NW向断裂控制铀矿体的定位。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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