清洁生产产生经济效益

清洁生产产生经济效益ＣＬＥＡＮＥＲＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭＡＫＥＳＭＯＮＥＹ￥／／ＧＯＩＮＧＧＲＥＥＮＹＩＥＬＤＳＰＲＯＦＩＴＳＦＯＲＢＵＳＩＮＥＳＳＩＮＴＨＥＵＮＩＴＥＤＳＴＡＴＥＳＳＵＳＡＮＰＯＬＬＡＣＫｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｏｎｔｈｅｍｏｎｅｙｔｈａｔＳ...     

ARC/INFO软件在矿区土地复垦中的应用

矿区土地复垦是一项极其综合的系统工程，其整个过程涉及最大量的空间数据与空间信息，利用具有强大的空间分析和数据处理功能的地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）对其进行处理必然会提高土地复垦的效率和科学化水平并促进矿区土地复垦技术的发展。本文结合ＧＩＳ软件ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ，论述了其在矿区土地复垦中的应用。     

经济手段对环境保护的作用

经济手段对环境保护的作用王奇,李庆伦（沈阳市环境保护投资公司沈阳１１０００３）（东北大学表面所）ＩＭＰＲＯＶＩＮＧＴＨＥＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＥＦＦＣＴＯＦＷＡＳＴＥＷＡＴＥＲＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＬＥＡＤＡＮＤＡＣＩＤＢＹＳＣＩＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＭＡＮＡＧＥ...     

荧光法测定水中微量油有关萃取条件的讨论

荧光法测定水中微量油有关萃取条件的讨论张丹丹（南通市环境科学研究所）ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＥＸＴＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＭＥＡＳＵＲＩＮＧＭＩＮＯＲＯＩＬＩＮＴＨＥＷＡＴＲＥＢＹＦＬＵＯＲＥＳＥＮＣＥＭＥＴＨＯＤ￥ＺｈａｎｇＤａ...     

一种新型海上溢油凝油剂的研制

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环境容量区域划分中的地理信息系统技术探讨

本文以环境容量的区域分析为目的，介绍了利用工作站ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ与ＰＣＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ进行图形数据的输入，图形数据和属性数据的处理，结果图形的生成与输出等技术细节，希望提高环境工作者对地理信息系统的理解，更性更好地完成环境容量的区域划分研究工作。     

THE CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

ＴＨＥＣＥＮＴＲＥＦＯＲＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＴＨＥＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹＯＦＨＯＮＧＫＯＮＧ￥／／ＯＢＪＥＣＴＩＶＥＳＯｖｅｒｔｈｅｙｅａｒｓ，ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍ...     

THE CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

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丹麦Haldor Topsoe A／S环保技术简介

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2003年生效的公约、规则及其修正案

生效日期或实施期限 公约、规则及其修正案2 0 0 3/0 1/0 1ＳＯＬＡＳ 2 0 0 1年 6月修正案 (ＭＳＣ 117(74 ) )ＳＯＬＡＳ第ＶＩＩ章 -危险货物的运载修正案修正了第ＶＩＩ/14 2条关于ＩＮＦ货物的定义 ,以便与ＩＭＤＧ规则第 30套修正案中新增加的货品明细协调一致。《ＩＮＦ规则》修正案 (ＭＳＣ 118(74 ) )该修正案也是为与ＩＭＤＧ规则第 30套修正案协调一致。《1994年国际高速船安全规则》修正案 (ＭＳＣ 119(74 ) )该修正案使 1994ＨＳＣ规则中对航行设备的规定与 2 0 0 0ＨＳＣ规则中的要求一致 ,特别是有关自动识别系统 (ＡＩＳ)…     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

ＲｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｆｒｏｍｓｅｗａｇｅｓｌｕｄｇｅｂｙｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｉｎｇｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＷｕＱｉｔａｎｇ，ＮｙｉｒａｎｄｅｇｅＰａｓｃａｓｉｅ，ＭｏＣｅｈｕｉＦ...