基于工艺创新的钢铁工业发展研究

中国钢铁工业是目前内部矛盾十分突出的行业,面临着产能过剩、产品转型和产业升级等一系列复杂问题。本文从钢铁工业突出的流程化特点入手,在借鉴世界先进国家钢铁工业发展经验的基础上,依据可持续发展观,提出中国钢铁工业生产工艺的改进和创新思路,力争以此为突破口来推进钢铁工业改革,也为钢铁工业技术研发、资金投放和项目选择提供有益的参考。     

我国钢铁工业沿海布局趋势分析

通过对世界钢铁工业空间格局演化规律的分析,研究了我国钢铁工业向沿海布局的必然性,进而从产能转移、土地利用、海洋环境影响等方面分析了钢铁工业沿海布局过程中面临的问题,并针对这些问题提出我国钢铁产业沿海布局相应的对策建议。     

钢铁工业发展循环经济的效益分析

钢铁工业是国民经济的支柱,其资源消耗大、能耗高、原辅料成分多样、废弃物产生量大的特点决定了钢铁工业具有发展循环经济的潜力。从循环经济技术角度切入,介绍钢铁工业循环经济发展模式以及循环经济对钢铁工业发展的重要性,循环经济促使钢铁工业在快速发展的同时实现经济效益与环境效益的双赢。     

试论钢铁工业固体废物综合利用的现状和发展

随着近10年来我国钢铁工业迅猛发展,钢铁产能迅速增长,随之而来的环保问题受到越来越多人的关注和重视。钢铁行业具有其资源、能源密集,生产规模大,工序多、流程长等特点,其会产生大量固体废弃物,成为环境污染大户。随着国家环保政策、准入制度越来越严厉,钢铁工业可持续发展战略面临着严峻的挑战。对于钢铁固体废物的处理利用上,秉持"减量化、资源化、无害化"原则是根本的途径。本文从钢铁工业固体废物综合利用的背景入手,具体分析钢铁工业固体废物综合利用现状与发展,以期能够推动钢铁工业固体废物综合利用的发展。     

我国钢铁工业生态化发展模式研究

钢铁工业是国民经济发展的重要原材料基础产业,也是资源、能源密集型及污染排放的重点行业。20世纪以来,我国钢铁产量持续快速增长,产业发展受资源、环境污染的瓶颈约束日益明显。本文从钢铁工业发展与资源、环境的矛盾出发,倡导生态工业理念,分析了我国钢铁工业生产及污染特点,探索建立钢铁工业生态化发展模式,并提出保障措施,对实现钢铁工业生态化转型,促进钢铁工业可持续发展具有借鉴意义。     

钢铁生产废水处理与回用设计

钢铁生产工业是我国重工业的重要组成部分,随着我国产业经济的发展,钢铁工业发展到了空前的规模,钢铁产量居世界前列,钢铁质量也随着工业的不断发展而达到非常高的水平。但是由于钢铁工业本身的特点以及对于环境、资源保护意识的不到位,钢铁废水处理问题变的愈发严重,如何合理的处理好钢铁生产的废水,并合理利用水资源,是现阶段钢铁工业生产的重要工作。     

工业生态学理论在生态钢铁工业发展中的应用

根据生态工业理论和原则,指出了生态钢铁工业的基本内涵是资源、能源利用方式的转变,提出了生态钢铁工业发展的核心内容是物质、能量、水、技术、信息五大集成系统的构建。同时建立了生态钢铁工业产业链和社会功能链。济钢生态钢铁工业的实例说明,钢铁工业生态化发展是实现钢铁工业可持续发展的有效途径。     

烧结厂环保除尘技术的研究分析

钢铁工业在国民经济建设中发挥着重要的作用,能提高一切基础建设的机械工具,是当前工业建设必不可少的基础材料,而钢铁工业也是能源消耗和大气污染排放的主要来源。冶金行业领域中烧结厂又是污染最为严重的单位之一,产生的粉尘量大、污染排气严重、影响面广、治理难度大。因此,对于烧结厂除尘环保技术的研究与分析具有现实的意义。     

钢铁工业固体废弃物综合利用产业化发展路径探讨

阐述了我国钢铁工业固体废弃物的产生量、综合利用量及主要利用方式,在此基础上分析了我国钢铁工业固体废弃物综合利用存在的问题,并从管理机制、技术水平、发展模式等方面探讨了我国钢铁企业冶金固体废物综合利用的产业化发展路径,为我国大型钢铁企业及冶金固体废弃物产业发展提供参考。     

声音

当前,我国大气污染既有点源的局部污染,也有各行各业产生的大气污染物经过复合或者叠加而形成的区域污染,所以很有必要在立法目的中体现区域大气污染控制。——国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所副所长常纪文钢铁工业是少数几个可以带动工业生态园区建设的重化工业之一,要充分发挥钢铁工业材料制造功能、能源转换功能、社会废弃物消纳处理功能,以实现与社会的和谐发展。——中国钢铁工业协会发展与科技环保部副主任黄导     

基于情景分析的钢铁工业物质流与价值流协调性研究

本文基于情景分析理论和方法,建立了钢铁工业物质流与价值流协调度模型,对未来一段时期钢铁工业的协调发展状况进行研究.在维持现有发展模式的基准情景下,我国钢铁工业协调发展度将持续下降,2020年将下降到0.73.在环境恶化和经济效益相对脱钩的情景下,直到2020年我国钢铁工业协调发展度将维持在0.85的水平.而在经济与环境出现绝对脱钩的情景下,我国钢铁工业协调发展度将持续上升,2020年将达到0.95的高水平.因此,近期我国钢铁工业应遵循“基准相对脱钩绝对脱钩”的发展路径,降低总物质投入和污染物排放总量,提升经济产出效益,可持续发展才有可能实现.     

中国钢铁行业CO2减排技术及成本研究

钢铁行业是我国主要的能源消费及CO₂排放行业,推动钢铁行业低碳绿色发展已成为实现我国碳达峰、碳中和的重要环节。为此,研究围绕能源结构调整、工艺结构优化、节能减排技术推广和CCUS技术应用4方面,通过设置基础情景、稳定发展情景和强化减排情景3类情景,利用边际减排成本曲线对我国钢铁行业34项减排技术的减排成本和减排潜力进行分析。结果表明:在稳定发展情景下,我国钢铁行业平均减排成本为433元/tCO₂,所有技术的总减排成本为2100亿元,总减排潜力为4.9亿t。在各项减排技术中,废铁-电弧炉炼钢具有较高的减排经济效益,其以较低的单位减排成本贡献了钢铁行业近50%的碳减排量。未来,我国应加快推进长流程炼钢向短流程炼钢的发展,推动钢铁行业生产工艺的结构性调整。     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity,economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO2 emission sectors, China’s iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO2 emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO2 abatement,investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO2 emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO2 emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO2 abatement in China’s iron and steel industry, while achieving CO2 emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth.This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth.Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO2 abatement.     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity,economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

中国废钢铁产业的投资前景看好

国际金融危机给我国废钢铁市场带来影响,同时也为我国废钢铁产业的调整和发展带来新的机遇和挑战。针对我国废钢铁市场的需求空间、废钢铁加工处理技术和装备水平的提升以及废钢铁产业发展的投资环境等问题进行分析和阐述,为我国废钢铁产业投资市场的发展提供决策依据。     

河北某钢铁公司废水处理及回用可行性研究

水源短缺问题已经成为困扰河北某钢铁公司发展的主要因素,而废水的大量排放对环境造成污染,影响城市居民的饮水安全。通过澄清、过滤、除盐等处理工艺,将厂区排放的废水进行集中处理并回用于生产,即解决了水源短缺的问题,节约大量新水,又减轻了污水排放对环境的污染。该处理工程具有良好的经济效益和环境效益,是完全必要且可行的。     

中国钢铁行业二氧化碳排放达峰路径研究

钢铁行业是我国重要的CO₂排放源. 作为典型的资源能源密集型产业,钢铁行业加快绿色低碳转型、尽早实现碳达峰并有效降碳,既是行业自身高质量发展的内在需要,也是支撑落实国家碳达峰、碳中和目标的客观要求. 本文综合考虑经济社会发展、资源能源利用、工艺结构调整、低碳技术应用等因素影响,开展了基于情景分析的钢铁行业CO₂排放达峰路径研究,对不同情景下钢铁行业CO₂的排放趋势进行测算,识别钢铁行业CO₂减排的主要驱动因素,判断推动钢铁行业碳排放达峰的关键举措,为制定“双碳”目标背景下钢铁行业CO₂排放控制策略提供参考. 测算结果表明,我国钢铁行业CO₂总排放量有望在2020—2024年期间达到峰值;行业CO₂总排放量峰值为18.1×108~18.5×108 t,达峰后到2030年降幅将超过3×108 t. 研究显示,粗钢产量是决定我国钢铁行业碳排放能否快速达峰的关键,加大废钢资源利用、推进外购电力清洁化以及提高系统能效水平是2030年前钢铁行业实现碳排放达峰并有效降碳的重要途径. 到2030年,粗钢产量降低、加大废钢资源利用、推进外购电力清洁化、提高系统能效水平以及氢能炼钢和二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)等前沿技术对钢铁行业CO₂减排的贡献率分别为11%~52%、34%~52%、7%~20%、5%~13%和2%~3%.      

中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢研究

汽车行业在我国发展迅速,汽车行业的钢铁物质流代谢在整个国民经济的钢铁物质流代谢系统中的影响已不可忽视。研究中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢对再生资源利用产业、再制造行业的发展具有重要的意义。结合系统动力学方法及相关经验模型对中国汽车行业钢铁物质流代谢进行研究。首先通过Gompertz模型研究了世界主要国家汽车千人保有量与时间的关系,以此为参照设定中国汽车千人保有量随时间变化的相关参数。其次利用中国汽车行业钢铁物质流循环代谢的系统动力学模型,对系统关键流量、存量的动态变化过程进行考察分析,通过设定不同情景、不同寿命分布,研究中国汽车报废量、钢板和零件耗钢量随时间变化的规律,并探讨了零件再制造、汽车轻型化等问题。选取汽车千人保有量为260辆/千人的中等情景进行分析,考察时间为2011-2050年,结果表明报废汽车年折钢量与汽车行业钢材年消耗量比值不断上升,最终可达到1.2;再制造行业潜力巨大,零件再制造数量将近8亿件;延长汽车4 a寿命,可减少近一半的汽车报废量;通过轻型化,钢材年消耗量可减少18%,减少近650万t,累计减少1亿多吨钢材,节省大量资源,经济和环境效益显著。