Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 ismore toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS (Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

水泥窑热工条件下十溴二苯醚的热分解规律

基于水泥窑热工条件参数,结合响应曲面设计基本原理,开展了十溴二苯醚(BDE-209)热分解规律及影响因素研究,并分析了BDE-209的脱溴路径。结果表明:烟气中多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)含量随着溴取代数降低而降低;不同PBDEs单体受不同因素影响明显,烟气中BDE-209浓度主要受样品中原始浓度和温度的影响,九溴二苯醚和八溴二苯醚浓度主要受温度和氧气交互作用的影响;结合文献研究与本实验结果推测BDE-209在水泥窑热工条件下的最主要的两条降解路径,生成九溴二苯醚的最主要路径是由BDE-209 脱去一个溴生成BDE-207;生成八溴二苯醚的最主要路径是由BDE-209 脱去一个溴生成BDE-206,再由BDE-206脱去一个溴再生成BDE-203。明确BDE-209的热分解规律及影响因素,能够为水泥窑热工条件下处置含PBDEs废物提供理论支撑。     

十溴二苯醚及其降解产物对浮游生物的毒性

十溴二苯醚(BDE-209)是我国环境中主要的多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)同系物.为研究BDE-209及其降解产物对水环境的影响,以初级消费者浮游动物大型蚤(Daphnia magna)和初级生产者浮游植物水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)为染毒对象,研究BDE-209及其降解不同阶段产物对浮游生物的毒性.结果表明,大型蚤方面,繁殖毒性大于生长毒性,48 h半数致死浓度(48h-LC50)大小为:还原降解中间产物(0.80 mg·L~(-1),高毒)BDE-209(8.74 mg·L~(-1),中毒)还原降解终产物(15.27 mg·L~(-1),低毒),还原-氧化降解终产物的死亡率与溶剂空白一致,表明其基本无毒.水华微囊藻方面,染毒物质的毒性大小顺序与大型蚤一致,1 mg·L~(-1)的BDE-209、还原中间产物、还原终产物及还原-氧化终产物对水华微囊藻的抑制率分别为15.7%、93.7%、6.6%和1.3%.BDE-209降解过程中易生成毒性较大的中间产物,彻底还原脱溴可降低其毒性,后续辅以氧化降解,可消除其环境毒性.     

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk of women from an e-waste recycling center in China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) can be transferred to infants through the ingestion of breast milk, resulting in potential health risk. In this study, PBDEs, hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers(OH-PBDEs) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl(CB-153)in human milk from women living adjacent to e-waste recycling sites of Wenling,China, were investigated. The median level of PBDEs in samples from residents living in the e-waste recycling environment 20 years(R_20group, 19.5 ng/g lipid weight(lw))was significantly higher than that for residents living in Wenling 3 years(R_3group,3.88 ng/g lw)(p 0.05), likely ascribable to specific exposure to PBDEs from e-waste recycling activities. In the R_20 group, most congeners(except for BDE-209) were correlated with each other(p 0.05). Moreover, CB-153 showed significant association with most PBDE congeners, rather than BDE-209. The relationship indicated that most BDE congeners other than BDE-209 shared common sources and/or pathways with CB-153, e.g., dietary ingestion. The correlations between BDE-209 and other congeners were different in the two groups, likely suggesting their different exposure sources and/or pathways for PBDEs.Although estimated dietary intake of PBDEs for infants via breast milk was lower than the minimum value affecting human health, the PBDE exposure of infants should be of great concern because of their potential effect on the development of neonates over long-term exposure. OH-PBDEs were not detected in the collected samples, which is in accordance with reports in published literature, likely indicating that they were not apt to be accumulated in human milk.     

上海市典型家庭室内空气中PCBs与PBDEs初步研究

于2008年12月─2009年3月用PUF被动采样器采集了上海市6个典型家庭室内的空气样本,利用GC-EI-MS和GC-NCI-MS法分别测定了样本中14种多氯联苯(PCBs)和7种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的质量浓度,采用GC-ECD法测定了ρ(BDE-209). 结果表明:ρ(PCBs)为313.84 ～ 753.79 pg/m3,平均值为442.09 pg/m3;ρ(PBDEs)为0.62 ～83.35 pg/m3,平均值为21.83 pg/m3;ρ(BDE-209)为114.9～ 221.19 pg/m3,平均值为185.58 pg/m3. 与文献报道相比,上海市家庭室内空气中ρ(PCBs)处于中等水平,ρ(PBDEs)略低,但ρ(BDE-209)明显高于其他地区. 儿童和成人对PCBs的日均暴露量达到1 980和4 772 pg/d,对PBDEs的日均暴露量达到930和2 241 pg/d. PCBs和PBDEs能够引起人体生物毒性效应,因此,作为在室内空气中普遍存在的有机污染物,其持续低剂量的暴露应引起重视.      

典型电器工业区河涌沉积物中的多溴联苯醚空间和垂直分布

对珠江三角洲佛山市顺德区容桂镇电器工业区河涌沉积物多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的含量进行了空间和垂直分布研究.选择该镇中心城区内河涌作为研究河道,根据河涌水流情况选取8个采样点采集沉积物样品.所有样品中均检出PBDEs.各监测点的PBDEs总含量变化范围为62～349 ng.g-1(平均为178 ng.g-1),各采样点的浓度差异较大.其中,十溴联苯醚含量为56～337 ng.g-1(平均为171 ng.g-1),占PBDEs总含量的90%～99%(平均95%).所检测到的部分同系物(如BDE-196、197和203)可能是BDE-209的降解产物.PBDEs的垂直分布模式显示,0～10 cm层面样品的PBDEs浓度为147 ng.g-1,30～40 cm层面样品的PBDEs浓度为260 ng.g-1,PBDEs在沉积物中的丰度随垂直深度的增加而增加.12种同系物在采自各个深度层样品中的比例基本相同,由十溴工业品来源的BDE-209、208、207和206占总PBDEs的94%,而五溴和八溴所占比例较低.由此可见,该地区普遍存在PBDEs污染,其中十溴联苯醚是最主要污染物,这可能与十溴工业品是电器工业主要使用的阻燃材料相关.     

多溴联苯醚在桂花鱼体内的分布

使用 GC-MS-NCI检测方法对持久性有机污染物多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的同系物BDE28,47,66,85,99,100,138,153,154,183,209 在桂花鱼体内的含量及分布进行了研究．结果表明,Σ₁₀ PBDEs（不包括BDE209）在肾脏中含量最高,肌肉中含量最低,其干重平均值分别为5.71 ng·g^-1 和0.95 ng·g^-1．Σ₁₀ PBDEs在肾脏、鱼鳔、肝脏、鱼鳃、生殖腺、鱼皮、肠胃和肌肉中的干重含量分别为3.04～12.8、0.81～6.90、1.28～8.87、0.09～6.36、1.05～5.73、0.022～5.06、0.69～5.98和0.14～2.61 ng·g^-1．Σ₁₀ PBDEs在各组织和器官的含量顺序为: 肾脏、鱼鳔、肝脏> 鱼鳃、生殖腺> 肠胃、肌肉、鱼皮．桂花鱼体所含低溴取代 PBDEs 以 BDE47 为主要同系物,所占丰度为35.7%～65.6%．十溴取代物 BDE209 在所有样品中检出率为 45.2%,其中在肾脏和生殖腺中含量较高．研究表明,PBDEs 由摄食、呼吸2种主要途径进入桂花鱼体内,易富集在肝脏、鱼鳔、鱼鳃等脂肪含量较高的组织和器官中．     

苏州工业园区室内外颗粒物中多溴联苯醚污染特征及人体暴露水平

利用大流量主动采样技术在苏州市工业园区工厂车间、办公室、住宅区和风景区,采集PM₁₀样品,GC-MS测定PM₁₀中8种PBDEs的含量.室内PM₁₀中PBDEs总浓度范围为9.22~64.15 pg·m^-3（均值为20.93 pg·m^-3）,室外样品中PBDEs总浓度范围为1.06~8.44 pg·m^-3（均值为5.11 pg·m^-3）,室内含量显著高于室外含量.PM₁₀中∑₈PBDEs平均浓度从高到低顺序依次为工业车间、办公室、住宅区和室外大气,与其他地区室内外颗粒物含量相比,苏州室内外大气颗粒物中PBDEs都处于较低水平.室内外大气中BDE-209是最主要化合物（平均占总PBDEs的63%）,其次为BDE-99和BDE-47.车间员工、办公室员工和儿童的PBDEs日呼吸摄入剂量分别为3.75、2.78和2.60 pg·（kg·d）^-1,这表明苏州居民呼吸暴露PBDEs的潜在健康危害并不明显.     

基于毒理基因组学的PBDE-209和镉联合毒性效应研究

多污染物引发的联合毒性是环境污染物风险评价中的重要问题之一,然而此类研究相对不足.多溴联苯醚和重金属镉可在多种环境介质中共存,虽对其各自单独暴露所产生的毒性已有相对明确的认识,但对二者联合毒性效应及其分子机制的探索仍十分有限.生物信息学的发展为污染物的健康效应研究提供了一种新的思路.为此,本研究基于比较毒理基因组学数据库(CTD)分析了十溴联苯醚和镉在单独或共同暴露下所影响的基因和相关疾病,推测两种污染物对胎儿红系造血过程产生的潜在影响,并进一步整合外源红系细胞基因表达数据库中的基因芯片确证二者共同影响的基因集合.同时,通过对这些基因集合进行生物学过程和信号通路富集分析,筛选出潜在的靶基因JAK3和AKT2,并在无显著细胞毒性的暴露条件下,通过体外细胞实验验证了十溴联苯醚和镉对这两个靶基因表达的干扰.本研究结果可为预防多溴联苯醚和重金属的联合暴露风险提供一定的科学依据,同时,CTD数据库和外源特定疾病发生发展相关基因表达数据库联合使用,并结合传统毒理学研究手段的评价模式,可为污染物的共同暴露与特定疾病的相关性及分子机理的探索在研究思路和技术手段上提供参考.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) in blood from children (age 9–12) in Taizhou, China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants have attracted much attention in recent years. Exposure to PBDEs could induce a high health risk for children. The aim of this study was to investigate the PBDEs exposure of children (9–12 years) from Taizhou, China. Fifty-eight blood samples were collected in one school in a mountainous area in Taizhou. The concentrations of Σ9PBDEs (sum of BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, -197 and -209) ranged from 2.66 to 33.9 ng/g lipid wet (lw) with a median of 7.22 ng/g lw. These concentrations were lower than those of children in USA, but close to European and Asian general population levels. The results showed that children in Taizhou countryside were at a low level of PBDEs exposure. The predominant congener was BDE-209, followed by BDE-28, -47, -197 and -153. High abundance of BDE-209 was consistent with the pollution background of PBDEs in China characterized by high brominated congeners as main pollutants.     

杭州市公共场所内空气中PBDEs污染特征及暴露

为评估杭州市典型室内公共场所空气中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的污染现状,2016年5~8月和9~12月期间,采用空气被动采样技术（PUF-PAS）在17家室内公共场所总计采集54个空气样品,经样品预处理和GC-ECD分析后,结果表明,5类环境空气样品中∑₁₄PBDEs浓度均值大小依次为网咖（2470.43pg/m³）>建材市场（1119.87pg/m³）>电子市场（660.84pg/m³）>商场（478.37pg/m³）>图书城（182.18pg/m³）.最主要的特征单体均为BDE-209,占总量的36.79%~56.21%,BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-153、BDE-183也是PBDEs在空气中较主要的同系物,其最高浓度分别占7.77%,7.56%,6.32%和7.73%.评估PBDEs人群暴露水平的结果表明,网咖内暴露水平最高,图书城则为最低,其浓度分别为570.10和44.79pg/（kg×d）.室内空气中,对人群PBDEs总摄入量贡献最高的特征单体是BDE-209,平均水平为18.44~323.70pg/（kg×d）,最低的则为BDE-183,平均水平为1.75~20.05pg/（kg×d）,目前杭州市各典型室内公共场所PBDEs人群暴露水平相比美国环境保护署（EPA）提出的参考剂量较低.     

生产源区人血中多溴联苯醚水平与甲状腺激素相关性研究

采用气相色谱/负化学电离源-质谱法对莱州湾南岸地区十溴联苯醚生产源区36位居民血清中的5种多溴联苯醚浓度进行了检测,同时测定了样品中的甲状腺激素水平.血清中Σ5PBDEs（BDE-28、-47、-153、-183、-209）的质量浓度范围（以脂重计算,下同）为130.3～4 478.4 ng.g-1,平均值为529.9 ng.g-1.5种同族体中,BDE-209对Σ5PBDEs的平均贡献率达到了69.8%.在与甲状腺激素水平的相关性研究中,计算了两者的Spearman秩相关系数,结果显示BDE-28、-47、-153、-183与TSH水平呈高度负相关,BDE-183与fT4水平呈现显著性负相关,而BDE-28、-47与T3,BDE-28、-153、-183与fT3之间均呈现显著性正相关.本研究中,生产源区人体血清中PBDEs水平处于较高的暴露水平,主要同类物为BDE-209,人体对PBDEs的暴露会影响上述4种甲状腺激素的水平,PBDEs对人体的影响不容忽视,有关PBDEs暴露水平与甲状腺激素水平之间的相关性,应进一步深入研究.     

Mechanism of Deca-BDE-induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells: Role of death-receptor pathway and reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a prevalent polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener known to have neurotoxicity. Effects of BDE-209 on Neuro-2a cells were performed in the present study and the possible apoptotic pathway was discussed. Results indicated that BDE-209 induced Neuro-2a cell apoptosis, increased the protein expression of Fas and Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) and activated the caspase-8 and -3 activities in a concentration-dependent manner, inferring the death-receptor pathway was involved in the apoptotic process. Meanwhile, BDE-209 exposure increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreased the cellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) which led to cytochrome C released to the cytoplasm. The intracellular caspase-9 was elevated simultaneously, which caused downstream caspase cascade and triggered cell apoptosis. Moreover, BDE-209 exposure increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in a concentration-dependent manner and the addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), known as ROS scavengers, obviously reduced the apoptotic rate and a positive relationship was observed between the degree of apoptosis blocking and the loss of MMP and ROS production. We thus concluded that BDE-209 induced Neuro-2a cell apoptosis via the combination of the death-receptor signaling pathway and the mitochondrial signaling pathway. The elevated ROS production was considered to magnify the intracellular apoptosis signal and played a crucial role in apoptosis of Neuro-2a cells induced by BDE-209.     

典型污水处理厂中多溴联苯醚的分布特征、迁移及负荷研究

本研究通过对典型污水处理厂各构筑物进行采样分析,研究多溴联苯醚在污水处理厂中的分布、迁移和转化.结果表明,在污水处理厂所有污泥样品中都有PBDEs检出,PBDEs浓度范围在4226.76~9204.14 ng·g-1之间.其中,BDE-209是主导同系物,所占平均比例为83.16%(范围为75.75%~89.48%).该污水处理厂的进水样品中溶解态PBDEs总浓度为183.11 ng·L-1,而出水样品中溶解态PBDEs浓度则降至7.07 ng·L-1,PBDEs的去除率达到96%以上.所有污水样品中BDE-209都是最主要的同系物,所占比例在75.75%~85.68%之间,BDE-99和BDE-47是仅次于BDE-209的另外2种主要同系物.通过对污水处理流程中PBDEs的溶解态和颗粒态分配系数的研究得出,溶解性颗粒物对疏水性有机物在整个污水处理流程中的迁移、转化有重要的影响.该污水厂的日均PBDEs负荷量为21311.2 mg·d-1,污水经初沉池和二沉池处理之后分别有58.07%和39.91%的PBDEs被去除,即一共有97.98%的PBDEs被去除了,最后在出水中只剩2.02%的PBDEs.该污水厂通过出水的日均排放PBDEs的量为430.8 mg,通过脱水污泥日均排放PBDEs的量高达20880.4 mg.土壤在污泥农用之后PBDEs浓度年增加量为25.4μg·kg-1,污泥农用需要百年以上才能达到欧盟的规定限值.     

中国8个城市大气多溴联苯醚的污染特征及人体暴露水平

利用大流量采样器采集了我国东西部地区8个城市的大气气相和颗粒相样品,分析了样品中8种多溴联苯醚.结果表明,气相中以BDE-28(三溴组分)浓度最高[(6.25±4.95)pg·m~(-3)]不同于以往研究中BDE-99和-47为气相中优势同系物单体;颗粒相中则以BDE-209浓度最高[(25.4±124)pg·m~(-3)].北京和广州这两个大型城市的大气PBDEs浓度较高,尤其是广州的颗粒相BDE-209浓度,比其他城市的浓度高两个数量级.与早期的观测结果相比,我国城市大气PBDEs浓度呈普遍的下降趋势.同时,对比发现气相浓度下降较慢,颗粒相浓度下降较快,结合相关性分析结果,这一现象可能与工业五溴和八溴联苯醚的停产禁用高溴组分的光降解及城市大气颗粒物浓度的降低有关.城市婴幼儿的吸入暴露量约为成人的2~3倍,反映出城市大气PBDEs对城镇居民尤其是婴幼儿的潜在健康危害仍不容忽略.     

办公楼聚集区空气中PBDEs谱分布与污染特征

为评估办公楼密集区大气中PBDEs污染程度、同类物分布特征及其健康风险,采集了典型科研园区室外空气样品(颗粒物+气态),利用GC-MS对PBDEs质量浓度进行测定.结果表明,PBDEs在气态、PM_(2. 5)和PM_(10)中质量浓度分别为2. 3～78. 6、14. 4～335. 3和11. 6～431. 7 pg·m~(-3),平均值为21. 7、96. 9和149. 3 pg·m~(-3),BDE-209是颗粒态PBDEs中质量浓度最高的同系物,占PBDEs总量的50%.颗粒物中PBDEs质量浓度均表现为秋季冬季夏季春季,冬季变化显著,夏季相对稳定.三溴联苯醚主要存在于气态中,随溴原子的增加,颗粒态PBDEs单体的含量比重增大.来源分析说明BDE-209的降解是空气中其他PBDEs组分的重要来源.暴露风险分析显示儿童和成人对PBDEs的呼吸摄入量分别为18. 6 pg·(kg·d)~(-1)和7. 1 pg·(kg·d)~(-1),远小于相关研究中推荐的最低观察不良反应水平1 mg·(kg·d)~(-1); BDE-209对成人和儿童的致癌风险值分别为3. 7×10-9和2. 3×10-9,远小于致癌风险限值10-6,表明该区域大气中PBDEs无健康危害.     

东海沉积物中多溴联苯醚的分布特征研究

采集分析了中国东海28个表层沉积物和7个柱状沉积物.结果表明,东海表层沉积物中除BDE-209外∑PBDEs的浓度范围为0.20~2.09ng/g dw,BDE-209的浓度范围为0.57~2.87ng/g dw,在总PBDEs中所占浓度百分比为57.9%~76.7%;接下来分别是BDE-99和BDE-47,所占比例分别为11.7%~21.5%和7.1%~17.4%.表层沉积物中PBDEs分布呈现出(离海岸线)由近及远浓度越来越低的趋势,由北到南浓度上升的趋势.东海柱状沉积物中PBDEs浓度随着深度加深呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,很好的反映出了PBDEs在中国大陆的使用历史和现状.表层沉积物TOC含量在0.54%~0.88%之间,柱状沉积物TOC的含量在0.62%~0.88%之间,而且不管是表层沉积物(R²=0.723,P < 0.01)还是柱状沉积物(R²=0.595, P < 0.01),PBDEs浓度和TOC含量之间有较强的线性关系,表明沉积物中TOC含量是影响PBDEs分布的一个重要因素.     

猪肝微粒体体外代谢2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一类在环境中普遍存在的持久性有机污染物,研究PBDEs的体外代谢行为对理解其在体内的富集和转化具有重要意义。文章以猪肝微粒体作为研究对象,以体外代谢形式研究其对2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)的代谢能力,优化了代谢条件,并研究了0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5、10 mg/L的BDE-47对细胞色素P450酶系中7-乙氧基香豆素-O-脱乙基酶(ECOD)、7-乙氧基异吩唑酮-O-脱乙基酶(EROD)和苯胺4-羟基化酶(ANH)活性的影响。结果表明,孵育0.1 mg/L的BDE-47时,猪肝微粒体对BDE-47的代谢率可达到28.6%。实验所设各浓度BDE-47均能够保护微粒体的ECOD活性,但较高浓度的BDE-47(0.5、1、5 mg/L)对微粒体的EROD活性有显著抑制作用,而各浓度BDE-47对ANH活性没有显著影响。     

行政办公室内PBDEs污染特征及人体暴露量

为研究普通行政办公场所内多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的污染现状、同类物分布特征及办公人群吸入暴露量,于2013年3月~8月期间在杭州市行政办公场所采集20个空气样品,用GC-ECD分析样品中14种PBDEs同类物.结果发现:杭州市办公场所空气中PBDEs总平均浓度达9.57×102pg/m3,与欧洲国家相比处于较高污染水平,其中BDE-209是主要污染成分,占总含量的57.4%,说明杭州市办公场所PBDEs的主要工业品来源是十溴联苯醚.与家庭住宅空气样品对照发现,办公场所PBDEs平均浓度是家庭住宅的1.26倍,并且这一浓度差异主要体现在BDE-209单体上.办公场所各采样点同类物气固相对百分含量在50.0%左右,说明空气中PBDEs一半以气态形式存在,一半则吸附在空气颗粒物中,这可能是PBDEs气固分配还未平衡所致.此外,杭州市普通行政办公人群BDE-99的总摄入量为2.03′102pg/(kg×d),比国际标准BDE-99每日允许摄入量低21.7%.