1,3—丁二烯与DNA交联机理的研究：代谢产物在DNA大沟股间交联反应的A …

采用ＡＭ１方法计算了环境致癌１，３－丁二烯的代谢物产１，２－环境氧－３，４－丁烯和１，２，３，４－二环氧化烷与ＤＮＡ腺嘌呤和胞嘧啶烷化反应过程速率控制步骤的活化能，以及ＤＥＢ和ＤＮＡ大沟侧与不同序列ＤＮＡ片断生成烷化股间横向联 产物的结构和能量。     

α-二羰基化合物的结构-致突活性关系

采用ＡＭ１方法计算了６个α－二羰基化合物与ＤＮＡ碱基岛嘌呤环外Ｎ＾２发生紊电加成反应的速率控制步骤的活化能及分子结构和电子结构。研究其结构－知必凶线性回归结果表明;可用烷化反应活化能、ＬＵＭＯ能量、分子量表面积比和羰基面原子的正电性表示化合物的致突活性指数,获得很好的回归效果（Ｌ顺归系数Ｒ＝０．９９９８）。以本文提出的方程对这些化合物的估性进行计算,秘得到的结果与实验结果吻合得很好。     

黄曲霉素B1-DNA加合物的实验研究

用＾３２Ｐ后标记的方法测小牛胸腺ＤＮＡ和黄曲霉素Ｂ１体外反应产物里的ＤＮＡ－ＡＦＢ加合物，发现有４种不贩的ＤＮＡ加合物，加合物含量的ＲＡＬ＝１．０８／１０＾７（正常核酸），对比用ＤＮＡ的４种碱基和ＡＦＢ１反应所形成的加合物，发现有３种ＤＮＡ－ＡＦＢ１的加合物是来自鸟嘌呤碱基修饰所形成的。     

丙烯醛与DNA碱基反应机理的AM1研究

 采用AM1方法计算了在水合质子的参与下，丙烯酸与DNA鸟嘌呤碱基发生烷化加成的可能的反应过程，从得到的能量关联图可以看出，除了其中的一个分子内质子迁移过程外，其余的每一反应过程体系的能量均是降低的,计算得到的各关键步骤的反应活化能均不大，反应易于进行,根据计算的自由能可以看出，整个反应能够自发进行，说明丙烯酸可经过2次烷化加成反应与DNA碱基发生交联作用.     

测定微量DNA加合物的新技术

测定微量ＤＮＡ加合物的新技术致癌作用中的一个重要步骤是一个致癌物（一个化学物质或其代谢产物）与ＤＮＡ生成ＤＮＡ加合物。但是，一个化学物质改变ＤＮＡ的概率很低，在１／１０６和１／１０１２之间，所以加合物的浓度非常低。Ｊ．Ｐ．Ｂａｒｒｙ等人将毛细管区域电...     

磺酰脲类除草剂DPX-E9636的水解机理

对室温下ＤＰＸ－Ｅ９６３６的水解产物分离纯化后,运用元素分析,紫外光谱及＾１Ｈ核磁共振鉴定了主要产物的结构。产物为：１－（４,６－二甲氧基嘧啶基－２）－３（乙磺酰基－２－吡啶基）脲、Ｎ－（４,６－二甲氧基嘧啶基－２）－３－乙磺酰基－２－胺基吡啶、３－乙磺酰基－２－胺基吡啶及２－胺基－４,６－二甲氧基嘧啶,由此推测了ＤＰＸ－Ｅ９６３６的水解机理。     

2,4—二氯苯基荧光酮与铬显色反应的研究与其应用

研究了铬（Ⅳ）－２，４－二氯苯基荧光酮（ＤＣＩＰＥ）－溴化十六烷基三甲胺（ＣＴＭＡＢ）体系的显色条件，试验结果表明，在ｐＨ５．２～７．０范围内，铬与ＤＣＩＰＦ及ＣＴＭＡＢ形成红色三元胶束配合物，其最大吸收波长为５７８ｎｍ，表现摩尔吸光系数为１．４０×１０＾５Ｉ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，铬（Ⅵ）含量在０～９．０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，配合物的组成为Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）：ＤＣＩＰＦ＝１：２，拟定方法     

磺酰脲类除草剂DPX—E9636的水解机理

对室温下ＤＰＸ－Ｅ９６３６的水解产物分离纯化后，运用元素分析，紫外光谱及＾１Ｈ核磁共振鉴定了主要产物的结构。产物为：１－（４，６－二甲氧基嘧啶基－２）－３（乙磺酰基－２－吡啶基）脲、Ｎ－（４，６－二甲氧基嘧啶基－２）－３－乙磺酰基－２－胺基吡啶、３－乙磺酰基－２－胺基吡啶及２－胺基－４，６－二甲氧基嘧啶，由此推测了ＤＰＸ－Ｅ９６３６的水解机理。     

HPLC法研究DNA及其甲基修饰物的酸性介质降解

用ＨＰＬＣ梯度洗脱进行了ＤＮＡ在盐酸,高氯酸,三氯乙酸,三氟乙酸以及甲酸等酸性质介质中的降解碱基的分离和确定,给出了ＭＮＵ与ＤＮＡ的加合产物的降解产物,对流动相组成,流率,柱温,梯度速率,ｐＨ值,盐浓度以及缓冲浓度对容量因子（Ｋ′）的影响分别进行了讨论。结果表明,ＤＮＡ在盐酸介质中可以得到最好的碱基回收率,ＭＮＵ与ＤＮＡ的加合产物的１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸介质中,２０ｍｉｎ条件下,可获得较好的碱基回收效果     

六种重金属对大肠杆菌体内质粒DNA一级结构的影响

将质粒ｐＢＲ３２２、ｃ－Ｍｙｃ、ｐＣ５３－ＳＮ_３、ｐＴＢ２９转入大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ）ＨＢ１０１中使其各自分别在含亚致死浓度Ｐｂ²⁺、Ｃｄ^2-、Ｚｎ²⁺、Ｃｕ²⁺、Ｍｎ²⁺、Ｈｇ²⁺的液体氨苄ＬＢ培养基中,振荡培养２４ｈ后,再将这些质粒抽提出来,通过限制性内切酶分析,研究了这些重金属离子对大肠杆菌体内质粒ＤＮＡ分子一级结构的影响。结果表明,在供试的６种重金属离子中只有Ｈｇ^２＋处理可明显导致质粒ＤＮＡ序列的改变。此外,供试６种重金属离子连续处理２４ｈ未发现可明显导致大肠杆菌体内质粒ＤＮＡ链的随机断裂。     

Prenatal diagnosis for Epidermolysis bullosa: a study of 144 consecutive pregnancies at risk

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by increased skin fragility, resulting in blisters and erosions after minor trauma. Mutations in 10 structural genes expressed in the cutaneous basement membrane zone have been reported. The DebRA Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory at Jefferson Medical College has performed 144 DNA-based prenatal diagnoses since 1993 in families at risk for recurrence of the most severe forms of EB, including the recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB), junctional EB (JEB), EB with pyloric atresia (EB-PA), and EB simplex (EBS). A mutation-detection strategy using either conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) or denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) scanning analysis, followed by nucleotide sequencing, was applied to most cases with DEB and to all JEB, EB-PA, and EBS families. For some RDEB families, linkage analysis was performed, either alone when the inheritance pattern was clear or in combination with one mutation. Among the 144 prenatal diagnoses, 63 were for RDEB, 69 for JEB, 6 for EB-PA, and 6 for EBS. Twenty-eight normal, 73 heterozygous carrier, and 28 affected RDEB, JEB, and EB-PA pregnancies were reported in these recessively inherited diseases. Two affected and four normal pregnancies were predicted in dominantly inherited EBS. Among the 144 pregnancies, 9 were terminated without confirmation, 13 cases were lost to follow-up, and 6 pregnancies are ongoing. There were 6 families with inconclusive results due either to recombination events between flanking markers, absence of informative markers for one allele, or lack of sample from the previously affected child. There were three discordant results, one that was explained by maternal contamination of the chorionic villus sample and two that were unresolved. Overall, the availability, relative ease, and over 98% success rate make molecular DNA-based prenatal diagnosis a viable option for EB families at risk. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甲醛对小鼠骨髓组织的毒性作用

为了探讨甲醛暴露对小鼠骨髓组织的毒性影响,选用SPF级昆明雄性小鼠作为研究对象,用浓度为0.5,1.0,3.0mg/m3的气态甲醛对小鼠进行连续动态染毒72h,染毒后检测骨髓细胞中细胞周期变化、DPC(DNA-蛋白质交联)、DNA稳定性、骨髓细胞分化关键因子Nucleostemin和CYP1B1在各暴露浓度组中的表达情况.结果表明:甲醛暴露造成骨髓细胞的DNA损伤,其DNA稳定性和DPC效应均呈现良好的剂量-效应关系.骨髓细胞分化关键因子Nucleostemin表达量在各浓度染毒组中与空白组相比,1.0mg/m3浓度组有极显著性升高,而0.5和3.0mg/m3浓度组则是极显著性降低,与空白组相比CYP1B1基因在0.5,1.0,3.0mg/m3浓度组中表达,有极其显著性差异,并且1.0mg/m3浓度组上升较多.本次研究表明,甲醛暴露能影响小鼠骨髓组织细胞正常生长代谢.     

Mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink involved in growth retardation of Vicia faba L. seedlings exposed to lanthanum ions

Effects of mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink on growth of Vicia faba L. seedlings hydroponically cultivated in concentrations of extraneous lanthanum (La) for 20 days were investigated in the present experiment. The results showed that contents of La, Cu or K elements in roots generally changed synchronously with those in leaves, while Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn or P in the roots altered inversely to those in the leaves. Thus, the extraneous La led to redistribution and imbalance of mineral nutrient elements in the roots and leaves. DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink were investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate/potassium (SDS/K⁺) precipitation methods, respectively. The results demonstrated that the increasing La induced DNA break and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) in the seedlings. These results suggested that mineral nutrient imbalance, DNA lesion and DNA-protein crosslink were involved in the growth retardation and growth alteration of the seedlings, which may help to understand the mechanisms of rare earth elements (REEs) on plant growth.     

Applicability of 19–DEJ-l monoclonal antibody for the prenatal diagnosis or exclusion of junctional epidermolysis bullosa

Recently a monoclonal antibody (19–DEJ-l) was produced with binding specificity for the mid-lamina lucida of the skin dermoepidermal junction, in very close association with overlying hemidesmosomes. Since skin cleavage occurs within the lamina lucida in the inherited blistering disorder, junctional epidermolysis bullosa (EB), and is associated with aberrations in the morphology and/or number of hemidesmosomes in such tissue, we have sought to determine whether this monoclonal antibody could be used for prenatal diagnosis. Fetoscopy-directed skin biopsies were obtained from two fetuses at risk for junctional EB and post-mortem samples from two other fetuses with the Herlitz type of junctional EB, the latter after prenatal diagnosis by electron microscopy and termination of each pregnancy. Specimens were examined in part by light and electron microscopy for evidence of skin cleavage or other alterations in morphology, and in part by indirect immunofluorescence for altered basement membrane antigenicity. Three of four fetuses were shown to have intra-lamina lucida blister formation indicative of, and hemidesmosome hypoplasia proving, junctional EB. Each was also shown to lack expression of GB3 and 19–DEJ-l antigens, consistent with findings noted postnatally in junctional EB; diagnosis was confirmed in each at the time of therapeutic abortion. A fourth fetus had no abnormalities detected; lack of disease involvement was confirmed at the time of delivery, and subsequently over 8 months of careful serial evaluation. We conclude that 19–DEJ-l monoclonal antibody is an accurate and sensitive irnmunohistochemical probe for junctional EB, and may be employed in the prenatal diagnostic evaluation of fetuses at risk for this disorder.     

PCR-DGGE技术在城市污水化学生物絮凝处理中的特点

通过PCR-DGGE等分子生物学技术可以不经过常规培养直接从活性污泥和生物膜样品中提取DNA,对16Sr DNA V3区进行PCR扩增,结合DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳),从而分析活性污泥与生物膜中微生物种群结构.研究证实,活性污泥培养前后微生物种群结构发生很大的改变.同时对2种污水处理工艺中微生物种群结构进行了对比研究,对同一反应器不同位置微生物分布以及不同工况下的微生物种群结构进行了初步探讨.测定了活性污泥中部分菌种的16S rDNA V3区片段序列,通过NCBI(美国国立生物技术信息中心)基因库比对,初步确定细菌的属.结果显示,PCR-DGGE结合测序技术是一种完全可行的快速进行环境学样品微生物研究的分析方法.     

双子型复配增强两性膨润土吸附Cr(VI)的效应

在两性修饰剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱（BS）修饰膨润土的基础上,采用双子型阳离子修饰剂乙撑基双十四烷基二甲基氯化铵（EB）对其进行复配修饰,以批处理法研究了不同修饰比例、温度、pH值和离子强度条件下,BS+EB复配修饰膨润土对Cr（VI）的吸附规律和热力学特征,并通过吸附Cr（VI）前后BS+EB复配修饰膨润土的红外光谱和表面电荷探讨了其吸附机制.结果表明,与BS两性修饰膨润土比较,EB复配修饰显著增强了其对Cr（VI）的吸附能力,吸附量增加了2.02~27.25倍,30℃时吸附量呈现BS+150EB（BS和150%比例的EB复配修饰膨润土） > BS+100EB > BS+50EB > BS+25EB > BS > CK（膨润土）的趋势,对Cr（VI）的吸附量随EB修饰比例增加而上升.CK、BS修饰膨润土对Cr（VI）呈现自发、熵增和焓增的特征,而BS+EB复配修饰膨润土对Cr（VI）吸附量随着温度的升高而降低,呈现出增温负效应.随着pH值的升高、离子强度增加,各供试土样对Cr（VI）的吸附量逐渐降低.红外光谱和土壤表面电荷结果证实电荷引力是BS+EB复配修饰土吸附Cr（VI）的主要机制.     

Interaction of DNA with aromatic hydrocarbons fraction in atmospheric particulates of Xigu District of Lanzhou, China

Voluminously epidemiological studies show that the relationships exist between the air pollution and human health and cancer. Aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs)in air form a large class of organic pollutants,which are widely in environment and many of them are known to be carcinogenic and/or mutagenic and contribute to ambient air pollution.In the past decades,bioassays mainly have been used to evaluate the toxicity of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates or aqueous environment.However,it is well known that the covalent complexes formed by carcinogens with DNA may be exert negative results in bioassay.So the main aim of this paper is to develop an evaluation method of toxicity effects of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates from chemical standpoint.In this study,the in vitro interaction of the AHs with DNA was investigated by absorption,fluorescence and resonance light scattering (RLS)spectroscopic techniques.The results showed that the AHs in the atmospheric particulates could combine with calf thymus DNA(ctDNA)and herring sperm DNA(hsDNA)without being activated or metabolized by organism,respectively.Intercalation may be present in the mechanism of interaction.The binding constants of the AHs with ctDNA and hsDNA were 2.5×10~2 and 2.0×10~3, respectively,which indicated that the interaction of the AHs with hsDNA is stronger than that with ctDNA.In addition,the relationships of dose-effect between the total mole concentration of chemical components and the ability of binding ctDNA and hsDNA were confirmed.This research made it possible to study the toxicity effects of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates by chemical method.It is believed that the composition and contents of unknown AHs and the interaction of DNA with AHs in atmospheric particulates of Xigu District of Lanzhou City,China are first reported in the past twenty years.     

丙烯酸和聚氨酯面漆室内加速试验测试分析

采用盐雾和紫外-冷凝室内人工加速老化循环试验的方法，对聚氨酯和丙烯酸两种典型的船壳涂料进行人工加速老化试验。采用傅利叶红外漫反射光谱（FDIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及原子力显微扫描电镜（AFM）等现代测试分析手段，对各试验周期的结果进行检测和表征。结合其它表面分析技术测试涂层表面失光、色差等变化，对聚氨酯、丙烯酸这两种常用典型船壳涂层的老化性能进行研究，探索室内加速试验的方法和条件，为实验室加速试验替代自然环境试验提供基础依据。     

Within-population variation in ejaculate characteristics in a prolonged breeder,Peron’s tree frog, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litoria peronii</Emphasis>

Sperm number is often a good predictor of success in sperm competition; however, it has become increasingly clear that, for some species, variation in probability of paternity cannot be explained by sperm number alone. Intraspecific variation in ejaculate characteristics, such as the number of viable sperm and sperm longevity, may play an equally important role in determining fertilization success. Here, we assess variation among ejaculates in three factors that may contribute to fertilization success (number of sperm per ejaculate, viability, and longevity), in a population of Peron’s tree frog (Litoria peronii). We detected large variation among males in the number of sperm per ejaculate and the proportion of viable sperm within ejaculates, which could not be explained by variation in either male size or body condition. However, the proportion of viable sperm released by males increased over the season. Finally, we assessed sperm longevity (proportion viable sperm determined using a dual-fluorochrome vital dye) at two different temperatures. At 23°C, on average, 75% of sperm remained viable after 2 h, but there were significant differences amongst males with the percentage of viable sperm ranging from 43% to 95%. For sperm incubated at 4°C, ejaculates varied fivefold in sperm longevity with some males having 50% viable sperm after 5 days. Our data suggest that ejaculate characteristics (sperm number, viability, and longevity) vary widely in Peron’s tree frog and may therefore play an important role in determining siring success both in the presence and absence of sperm competition. We discuss the results in relation to selection on ejaculate traits via natural and sexual selection in this and other amphibians.     

多维标度法在海洋油指纹鉴别中的应用

本文采用GC-MS离子选择方法,分析了6种不同溢油样品的油指纹诊断比值参数,利用多维标度法鉴别了6种不同溢油样品,并与重复性限法进行了比对分析。结果表明:多维标度法可高效进行大量样品油指纹分析的同时鉴定,能直观的表现研究对象之间的关系,实现油样的分类鉴别;多维标度法与重复性限法相比,可简化两两样品之间对比繁琐的计算过程,避免不同油品多个诊断比值一致的情况下的误判,从而有效弥补、完善重复性限法和其他方法的一些不足,为海洋溢油事故指纹鉴定提供一些借鉴。