美洲商陆和籽粒苋对接种伯克氏菌的生理生化响应及其对富集铯的影响

利用盆栽试验研究一株具有重金属耐性的伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.D54)对美洲商陆和籽粒苋生长及对铯富集的影响.结果表明,接种菌株D54,美洲商陆和籽粒苋总干物重分别比对照处理增加19.8%～33.4%和22.9%～76.6%,美洲商陆和籽粒苋地上部铯含量分别增加4.9%～22.4%和8.1%～19.4%,根中铯含量分别增加6.8%～15.7%和1.1%～10.8%.同时,接种微生物还增加了植物对钾的吸收,提高供试植物的光合反应速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用率,增加铯胁迫条件下植物的抗氧化酶CAT、POD、SOD的活性,降低了MDA的含量.     

不同有机物料对东南景天修复重金属污染土壤效率的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究清洁有机物料(沼渣、菌渣、笋壳)对镉、锌超积累植物东南景天修复重金属污染程度不同的土壤(分别采自温州和富阳,称温州土和富阳土)的影响.结果表明,有机物料对土壤重金属有效性的影响因有机物料种类和添加量而异,不同重金属元素的反应也不同.在温州土中,以5%沼渣对Cu、Zn的活化效果最好;而在富阳土中则以1%笋壳对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的活化效果最好.有机物料的添加促进了东南景天的生长,其生物量随着有机物料添加量的提高而增加,增幅达23.7%~93.0%.在温州土中,仅以1%笋壳的处理对东南景天地上部吸收积累Cd的效果最佳,超过对照的22.6%,而其余各处理皆不及对照;对于Zn,菌渣处理不及对照,而其它处理均优于对照,以5%沼渣、1%笋壳和5%笋壳为佳,分别超过对照的39.6%、32.6%和23.8%.而在富阳土中,对于Cd而言,以5%笋壳、1%沼渣和5%沼渣的处理效果为佳,地上部Cd积累量超过对照的12.9%、12.8%和6.2%,而其余处理皆不及对照;对于Zn,添加有机物料的各处理都促进了东南景天地上部Zn的积累,最佳处理分别为:5%笋壳、5%沼渣和5%菌渣,分别超过对照的38.4%、25.7%和22.4%.     

伯克氏菌Y4对水稻幼苗镉损伤和镉吸收的影响

为探明伯克氏菌Y4（Burkholderia sp. Y4）对镉（Cd）胁迫下水稻幼苗的生长和Cd吸收积累的影响及其作用机制,以水稻低Cd积累品种湘早籼24（X24）和高Cd积累品种T优705（T705）为材料,通过水稻种子萌发和幼苗试验,利用非损伤微测技术和原子吸收等检测方法,研究外源施加伯克氏菌Y4对Cd胁迫下水稻生长和毒性损伤的影响及其抑制水稻Cd吸收积累的作用机制.结果表明,伯克氏菌Y4可以缓解Cd对水稻生长的抑制作用,使种子发芽势提高13.8%,此外,接种菌株Y4后7 d,水稻幼根和幼芽长度分别增长83.3%和12.2%,干重分别增加56.8%和12.5%,而接种菌株Y4后10 d,水稻幼根和幼芽长度分别增长28.6%和20.0%,干重分别增加113.2%和46.0%.深入研究发现,施加菌株Y4缓解了Cd胁迫下水稻的氧化应激损伤,显著降低了幼苗地上部及根系中氧化损伤产物丙二醛（MDA）的水平,降幅分别达到21.5%和16.9%;同时,Cd胁迫下水稻抗氧化酶活性的变化也在菌株Y4的作用下得到缓解,幼苗根系中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性水平恢复至与无Cd空...     

Dissolution of different zinc salts and Zn uptake by Sedum alfredii and maize in mono- and co-cropping under hydroponic culture

Previous soil pot and field experiments demonstrated that co-cropping the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii with maize increased Zn phytoextraction by S. alfredii and decreased Zn uptake by maize shoots. This hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate whether the facilitation of Zn phytoextraction by S. alfredii resulted from improved dissolution in this co-cropping system and its relation to root exudates. S. alfredii and maize were mono-and co-cropped (without a root barrier) in nutrient solution spiked with four Zn compounds, ZnS, ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2 and 5ZnO·2CO3·4H2O (represented as ZnCO3 ) at 1000 mg/L Zn for 15 days without renewal of nutrient solution after pre-culture. The root exudates were collected under incomplete sterilization and analyzed. The results indicated that the difference in Zn salts had a greater influence on the Zn concentration in maize than for S. alfredii, varying from 210-2603 mg/kg for maize shoots and 6445-12476 mg/kg for S. alfredii in the same order: ZnCO3 > ZnO >Zn3(PO4)2 > ZnS. For the four kinds of Zn sources in this experiment, co-cropping with maize did not improve Zn phytoextraction by S. alfredii. In most cases, compared to co-cropped and mono-cropped maize, mono-cropped S. alfredii resulted in the highest Zn2+ concentration in the remaining nutrient solution, and also had a higher total concentration of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) and lower pH of root exudation. Root exudates did partly influence Zn hyperaccumulation in S. alfredii.     

植物套种及化学强化对重金属污染土壤的持续修复效果研究

为了研究植物套种和螯合剂施用对重金属污染土壤的长期修复效果以及对地下水可能的环境风险,采集广东省乐昌市铅锌矿开采造成的重金属污染土壤,通过渗滤池(0.9 m×0.9 m×0.9 m)进行了7次植物种植试验(约2.5 a),共设置了单种超富集植物东南景天(Sedum alfredii)、单种低累积玉米(Zea mays,cv.Yunshi-5)、东南景天和玉米套种、以及套种+MC(混合螯合剂,柠檬酸∶味精废液∶EDTA∶KCl摩尔比=10∶1∶2∶3,5 mmol·kg-1)4个处理,连续监测植物、土壤和渗滤液的重金属含量变化.结果表明,东南景天和玉米套种只适合在春夏季进行,套种显著提高植物对Zn和Cd的提取效率;在秋冬季,套种或混合螯合剂均影响东南景天生长,降低了东南景天对Zn和Cd的提取;总体上单种东南景天处理对污染土壤的Zn和Cd的总提取量最大.然而,土壤Zn、Cd和Pb含量降低幅度最大的为套种+MC处理,与初始值相比降低幅度分别为28%、50%和22%,该处理土壤重金属含量的降低,主要归于混合螯合剂作用下重金属向下层土壤迁移.渗滤水监测结果表明,在试验期内,施加混合螯合剂提高渗滤水重金属浓度,但未明显超过地下水Ⅲ级标准.     

Positive effects of applying endophytic bacteria in eggplant-Sedum intercropping system on Cd phytoremediation and vegetable production in cadmium polluted greenhouse

The combination of intercropping and phytoremediation in the remediation of cadmium contaminated soil is an emerging model in recent years, but the results of previous studies are inconsistent. In the field experiment, eggplant was intercropped with hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance (inoculated or not inoculated with endophytic bacteria) to study the effects of intercropping on vegetable safety production, phytoremediation efficiency of hyperaccumulator and variation of soil available nutrients. The results showed that the intercropping treatment had a negative effect on the growth of eggplant and Sedum, but endophyte SaMR12 alleviated the inhibition of intercropping on plant growth. Intercropping treatment increases the Cd concentration in edible part of eggplant to 1.34 mg/kg compared with eggplant monoculture (1.19 mg/kg). While the application of SaMR12 reduces the Cd concentration of eggplant fruit to 0.95 mg/kg and significantly promotes the Cd uptake by Sedum. What's more surprising is that compared with eggplant monocropping, the content of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the treatment of intercropping with inoculated Sedum increased significantly. And according to the correlation analysis of various indexes of plants and soil, the Cd content of eggplant is negatively correlated with the available phosphorus and potassium in the soil, while the Cd content of Sedum is positively correlated with it, which suggested that the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in this experimental site was beneficial to reduce Cd content in eggplant and improve Cd phytoextraction of Sedum. Therefore, in the daily production of moderately Cd-contaminated soil, intercropping eggplant with Sedum inoculated with endophytic bacteria is an excellent Phytoextraction Coupled with Agro-safe-production (PCA) pattern.     

Biosorption mechanisms involved in immobilization of soil Pb by Bacillus subtilis DBM in a multimetal-contaminated soil

Mechanisms of soil Pb immobilization by Bacillus subtilis DBM, a bacterial strain isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, were investigated. Adsorption and desorption experiments with living bacterial cells as well as dead cells revealed that both extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation were involved in the Pb2＋removal from the liquid phase. Of the sequestered Pb（II）, 8.5% was held by physical entrapment within the cell wall, 43.3% was held by ion-exchange, 9.7% was complexed with cell surface functional groups or precipitated on the cell surface, and 38.5% was intracellularly accumulated.Complexation of Pb2＋with carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amido, and phosphate groups was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Precipitates of Pb5（PO4）3OH, Pb5（PO4）3Cl and Pb10（PO4）6（OH）2that formed on the cell surface during the biosorption process were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of the Pb（II）precipitates and that Pb（II） could be sequestered both extracellularly and intracellularly.Incubation with B. subtilis DBM significantly decreased the amount of the weak-acid-soluble Pb fraction in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, resulting in a reduction in Pb bioavailability, but increased the amount of its organic-matter-bound fraction by 71%. The ability of B.subtilis DBM to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb makes it potentially useful for bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of multi-heavy-metal-contaminated soil.     

铁肥形态及施用方式对印度芥菜镉积累的影响

利用实际镉污染土壤(含镉0.08~1.89 mg/kg)进行盆栽试验,研究FeSO4、Fe(2SO4)3、EDTA.Na2Fe 3种铁肥和底施、追施2种施肥方式对印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)镉积累的影响。结果表明:施用Fe(2SO4)3的印度芥菜生物量与对照非常接近,而施用FeSO4和EDTA.Na2Fe的印度芥菜生物量均明显高于对照;底施EDTA.Na2Fe时,印度芥菜地上部Cd含量最低,比对照低76%~85%;追施Fe(2SO4)3时,印度芥菜地上部Cd含量、吸Cd量、对土壤中Cd的净化率均最高,分别比对照提高48%~236%、52%~63%、110%~260%。研究认为底施EDTA.Na2Fe等络合态亚铁肥,可用于改善食用印度芥菜的品质;追施Fe(2SO4)3时,可用于强化印度芥菜对镉污染土壤的修复。为铁基复合肥生产及其在镉污染土壤修复和无公害农产品生产中的应用提供了依据。     

一株铅镉抗性菌株WS34的生物学特性及其对植物修复铅镉污染土壤的强化作用

从土壤样品中筛选出一株对碳酸铅、碳酸镉活化能力最强的铅镉抗性细菌WS34,并研究其生物学特性.经生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,菌株WS34被鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.WS34).菌株WS34对多种重金属和抗生素具有抗性,具有溶磷、分泌吲哚乙酸、产生铁载体和ACC脱氨酶的能力,并对温度、pH、盐浓度具有一定耐受性.利用盆栽试验研究了菌株WS34、EDTA及EDTA和WS34复合3种处理下对印度芥菜和油菜生长及富集铅镉能力的影响.结果表明,菌株WS34能促进供试植物生长,使印度芥菜和油菜的干重分别比对照增加21.4%～76.3%和18.0%～236%,铅镉积累量比对照增加9.0%～46.4%和13.9%～329%,且油菜中的增加量大于印度芥菜.EDTA能使印度芥菜和油菜的铅镉积累量比对照分别增加25.1%～475%和10.1%～84.5%.0.5mmol·kg-1EDTA 菌株WS34的复合处理下,植物的重金属吸收量与EDTA处理相当甚至高于EDTA处理.     

Salinity elevates Cd bioaccumulation of sea rice cultured under co-exposure of cadmium and salt

Salt-tolerant rice (sea rice) is a key cultivar for increasing rice yields in salinity soil. The co-existence of salinity and cadmium (Cd) toxicities in the plant-soil system has become a great challenge for sustainable agriculture, especially in some estuaries and coastal areas. However, little information is available on the Cd accumulating features of sea rice under the co-stress of Cd and salinity. In this work, a hydroponic experiment with combined Cd (0, 0.2, 0.8 mg/L Cd²⁺) and saline (0, 0.6%, and 1.2% NaCl, W/V) levels and a pot experiment were set to evaluate the Cd toxic risks of sea rice. The hydroponic results showed that more Cd accumulated in sea rice than that in the reported high-Cd-accumulating rice, Chang Xianggu. It indicated an interesting synergistic effect between Cd and Na levels in sea rice, and the Cd level rose significantly with a concomitant increase in Na level in both shoot (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and root (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) of sea rice. Lower MDA content was found in sea rice, implying that the salt addition probably triggered the defensive ability against oxidative stress. The pot experiment indicated that the coexistent Cd and salinity stress further inhibited the rice growth and rice yield, and the Cd concentration in rice grain was below 0.2 mg/kg. Collectively, this work provides a general understanding of the co-stress of Cd and salinity on the growth and Cd accumulation of sea rice. Additional work is required to precisely identify the phytoremediation potential of sea rice in Cd-polluted saline soil.     

水杨酸对多氯联苯污染土壤的修复和微生物群落结构的影响

以浙江省台州电子垃圾拆解地附近多氯联苯污染的农田土壤为研究对象,考察了施肥基础上添加不同剂量水杨酸(5、10、20 mmol·kg-1)对土壤中多氯联苯的去除、脱氢酶活、微生物群落结构及联苯双加氧酶基因相对丰度的影响.结果表明,施肥和施肥基础上添加水杨酸均能显著提高多氯联苯的去除率(p0.05),其中,三氯联苯的去除率最高(28.98%~34.53%).土壤脱氢酶活与多氯联苯去除率随水杨酸添加量的升高呈先增大后减小的趋势,均在10 mmol·kg-1水杨酸处理中达到最大.PCR-DGGE结果显示,水杨酸处理土壤中新增伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)、潘多拉菌属(Pandoraea)、噬油脂极小单胞菌属(Pusillimonas)、鞘脂菌属(Sphingobium)、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)和青枯菌属(Ralstonia).Shannon指数表明,10 mmol·kg-1水杨酸处理下土壤微生物最为丰富(p0.05).荧光定量PCR显示,bph A基因在不同处理间没有显著差异,但施肥和施肥基础上添加10、20 mmol·kg-1的水杨酸处理都显著提高了bph D.1.B、bph D.1.C、bph D.2.A和bph D.2.A/B基因的相对丰度.     

Evaluation of biostimulation and Tween 80 addition for the bioremediation of long-term DDT-contaminated soil

The bioremediation of a long-term contaminated soil through biostimulation and surfactant addition was evaluated. The concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) were monitored during an 8-week remediation process. Physicochemical characterization of the treated soil was performed before and after the bioremediation process. The isolation and identification of predominant microorganisms during the remediation process were also carried out. The efficiency of detoxification was evaluated after each bioremediation protocol. Humidity and pH and the heterotrophic microorganism count were monitored weekly. The DDT concentration was reduced by 79% after 8 weeks via biostimulation with surfactant addition (B + S) and 94.3% via biostimulation alone (B). Likewise, the concentrations of the metabolites DDE and DDD were reduced to levels below the quantification limits. The microorganisms isolated during bioremediation were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, Flavobacterium sp., Cuprivadius sp., Variovorax soli, Phenylobacterium sp. and Lysobacter sp., among others. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed visualization of the colonization patterns of soil particles. The toxicity of the soil before and after bioremediation was evaluated using Vibrio fischeri as a bioluminescent sensor. A decrease in the toxic potential of the soil was verified by the increase of the concentration/effect relationship EC₅₀ to 26.9% and 27.2% for B + S and B, respectively, compared to 0.4% obtained for the soil before treatment and 2.5% by natural attenuation after 8 weeks of treatment.     

NirS-type denitrifying bacteria in aerobic water layers of two drinking water reservoirs: Insights into the abundance, community diversity and co-existence model

The nirS-type denitrifying bacterial community is the main drivers of the nitrogen loss process in drinking water reservoir ecosystems.The temporal patterns in nirS gene abundance and nirS-type denitrifying bacterial community harbored in aerobic water layers of drinking water reservoirs have not been studied well.In this study,quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Illumina Miseq sequencing were employed to explore the nirS gene abundance and denitrifying bacterial community structur...     

Rhizobium sp.W33对不同植物吸收铜和根际分泌物的影响

通过盆栽试验,采用1株植物促生细菌Rhizobium sp.W33接种黑麦草、狼尾草、高羊茅、紫花苜蓿、猪屎豆、油菜和印度芥菜等7种不同植物,考察了Cu胁迫下菌株对植物生物量、Cu含量和根际土壤中分泌物的影响,并筛选根瘤菌-植物联合修复重金属污染土壤的组合体系,以期初步探明细菌-植物联合修复重金属污染土壤的机制.结果表明,接种Rhizobium sp.W33后,有5种植物的干重增加了11%~56%,增加幅度为印度芥菜黑麦草高羊茅狼尾草油菜,紫花苜蓿和猪屎豆的干重下降.黑麦草、狼尾草、高羊茅和猪屎豆根内Cu含量接近或超过1000mg·kg-1,Cu大量积累在植物根部.Rhizobium sp.W33能够显著促进黑麦草吸收Cu(p0.05),并提高其对Cu的富集系数和转移系数,增加根部和地上部的Cu总量.苹果酸是供试植物-细菌联合修复Cu污染土壤的主要有机酸种类,接种根瘤菌W33后黑麦草、狼尾草根际的苹果酸和水溶性糖含量降低,过氧化氢酶活性增加,其中,苹果酸、水溶性糖含量与黑麦草中Cu含量呈显著相关性(p0.05).因此,根瘤菌W33-黑麦草联合体系修复重金属Cu污染土壤的效果最好,具有应用于重金属Cu污染土壤稳定修复的潜力.     

可生物降解螯合剂GLDA诱导东南景天修复重金属污染土壤的研究

化学强化的植物提取技术可以有效地去除污染土壤的重金属.用盆栽试验的方法,研究了可生物降解螯合剂谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸(GLDA)不同用量或者与乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、柠檬酸复配使用对超富集植物东南景天吸收土壤重金属Cd、Zn和Pb的影响.结果表明,施用GLDA提高了东南景天对土壤Cd和Zn的提取效率,GLDA用量为2.5 mmol·kg-1时东南景天对Cd和Zn的提取量最高,分别是对照的2.5倍和2.6倍.螯合剂的总用量为5 mmol·kg-1时,EDTA、柠檬酸分别与GLDA复配,未能进一步促进东南景天对土壤Cd和Zn的提取.上述结果表明,可生物降解螯合剂GLDA在诱导植物修复重金属污染土壤特别是Cd和Zn污染土壤具有明显潜力.     

丛枝菌根真菌和两株细菌对土壤中DEHP降解及绿豆生长的影响

采用绿豆为供试植物,通过温室盆栽试验研究接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌与DEHP降解菌对DEHP污染土壤的修复作用以及对植物生长的影响.试验土壤中添加DEHP含量为100mg·kg-1,试验设AM真菌Acaulospora laelis 90034、降解菌Bacillus sp.DW1和Gordonia sp.DH3单独接种以及互相组合的联合接种处理,同时设置不接种的对照处理(CK).苗后60 d收获植株.结果表明,AM真菌能很好的侵染绿豆的根系,菌根侵染提高了绿豆地上部分的干重,而对根系的干重则没有显著的影响;同时菌根侵染也促进了绿豆的P营养.但接种DW1与DH3对菌根侵染率与绿豆生长都没有显著影响.3种菌剂无论是单独或者联合接种都能显著促进土壤中DEHP的降解,3种菌剂同时接种则对DEHP的降解能达到最好的协同作用,同时也减少DEHP在绿豆地上部分的累积,这为DEHP污染农田土壤的植物修复提供了理论依据.     

A combined process coupling phytoremediation and in situ flushing for removal of arsenic in contaminated soil

Phytoremediation and soil washing are both potentially useful for remediating arsenic(As)-contaminated soils.We evaluated the effectiveness of a combined process coupling phytoremediation and in situ soil flushing for removal of As in contaminated soil through a pilot study.The results showed that growing Pteris vittata L.(P.v.) accompanied by soil flushing of phosphate(P.v./Flushing treatment) could significantly decrease the total As concentration of soil over a 37 day flushing period compared with the single flushing(Flushing treatment).The P.v./Flushing treatment removed 54.04% of soil As from contaminated soil compared to 47.16% in Flushing treatment,suggesting that the growth of P.vittata was beneficial for promoting the removal efficiency.We analyzed the As fractionation in soil and As concentration in soil solution to reveal the mechanism behind this combined process.Results showed that comparing with the control treatment,the percent of labile arsenate fraction significantly increased by 17% under P.v./Flushing treatment.As concentration in soil solution remained a high lever during the middle and later periods(51.26–56.22 mg/L),which was significantly higher than the Flushing treatment.Although soil flushing of phosphate for more than a month,P.vittata still had good accumulation and transfer capacity of As of the soil.The results of the research revealed that combination of phytoremediation and in situ soil flushing is available to remediate As-contaminated soils.     

Investigation of physico-chemical properties and microbial community during poultry manure co-composting process

Co-composting of poultry manure and rubber wood sawdust was performed with the ratio of 2:1 (V/V) for a period of 60 days. An investigation was carried out to study the extracellular enzymatic activities and structural degradation utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microbial succession was also determined by using denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (DGGE). The compost was able to reach its highest temperature of 71°C at day 3 and stabilized between 30 and 40°C for 8 weeks. CMCase, FPase and β-glucosidase acted synergistically in order to degrade the cellulosic substrate. The xylanase activities increased gradually during the composting and reached the peak value of 11.637 U/g on day 35, followed by a sharp decline. Both LiP and MnP activities reached their peak values on day 35 with 0.431 and 0.132 U/g respectively. The FT-IR spectra revealed an increase in aromaticity and a decrease in aliphatic compounds such as carbohydrates as decomposition proceeded. TGA/DTG data exhibited significant changes in weight loss in compost samples, indicating degradation of organic matter. SEM micrographs showed higher amounts of parenchyma exposed on the surface of rubber wood sawdust at day 60, showing significant degradation. DGGE and 16S rDNA analyses showed that Burkholderia sp., Pandoraea sp., and Pseudomonas sp. were present throughout the composting process. Ornithinibacillus sp. and Castellaniella ginsengisoli were only found in the initial stage of the composting, while different strains of Burkholderia sp. also occurred in the later stage of composting.     

Effects of surfactants on the combined toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles and cadmium to Escherichia coli

The combined ecological toxicity of TiO₂ nanoparticles (nano-TiO₂) and heavy metals has been paid more attention. As the common pollutants in water environment, surfactants could affect the properties of nanoparticles and heavy metals, and thus further influence the combined toxicity of nano-TiO₂ and heavy metals. In this study, the effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and Tween 80 on the single and combined toxicities of Cd^2 + and nano-TiO₂ to Escherichia coli (E. coli) were examined, and the underlying influence mechanism was further discussed. The results showed both SDBS and Tween 80 enhanced the toxicity of Cd^2 + to E. coli in varying degrees. The reaction of SDBS and Cd^2 + could increase the outer membrane permeability and the bioavailability of Cd, while Tween 80 itself could enhance the outer membrane permeability. The combined toxicity of nano-TiO₂ and Cd^2 + to E. coli in absence of surfactant was antagonistic because of the adsorption of Cd^2 + to nano-TiO₂ particles. However, in the presence of SDBS, both SDBS and nano-TiO₂ influenced the toxicity of Cd^2 +, and also SDBS could adsorb to nano-TiO₂ by binding to Cd^2 +. The combined toxicity was reduced at Cd^2 + lower than 4 mg/L and enhanced at Cd^2 + higher than 4 mg/L under multiple interactions. Tween 80 enhanced the combined toxicity of nano-TiO₂ and Cd^2 + by increasing the outer membrane permeability. Our study firstly elucidated the effects of surfactants on the combined toxicity of nano-TiO₂ and Cd^2 + to bacteria, and the underlying influencing mechanism was proposed.     

Di-(2-ethylhexy)-phthalate在细菌及细菌-矿物复合体表面的吸附解吸行为

以土壤中分离出的邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)高耐性细菌(伯克霍尔德菌,Burkholderia sp.)及3种常见矿物为实验材料,研究Burkholderia sp.及其矿物复合体对DEHP的吸附解吸行为,包括吸附动力学、吸附等温曲线、pH的影响、FTIR分析等.结果显示,Burkholderia sp.能在较短时间内完成对DEHP的吸附;DEHP在细菌表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程(R20.97);Burkholderia sp.吸附DEHP的最适pH为7.0~8.0.蒙脱石、针铁矿、高岭土及细菌对DEHP的吸附能力大小依次为:蒙脱石针铁矿伯克霍尔德菌高岭土;同时,蒙脱石-细菌复合体系对DEHP结合能力最强,而高岭土和针铁矿-细菌复合体系对DEHP的结合强度较小.FTIR分析结果表明细菌表面的蛋白质及脂质部分在DEHP吸附过程中的作用较大,而疏水性作用等是DEHP与细菌及复合体相互结合的主要作用力.这些结果都与DEHP在环境中的迁移转化行为密切相关,对评估该类化合物的环境生态风险以及控制环境污染都具有重要的指导意义.