Comparative sorption and desorption behaviors of PFHxS and PFOS on sequentially extracted humic substances

The sorption and desorption behaviors of two perfluoroalkane sulfonates（PFSAs）, including perfluorohexane sulfonate（PFHx S） and perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） on two humic acids（HAs） and humin（HM）, which were extracted from a peat soil, were investigated. The sorption kinetics and isotherms showed that the sorption of PFOS on the humic substances（HSs） was much higher than PFHx S. For the same PFSA compound, the sorption on HSs followed the order of HM 〉 HA2 〉 HA1. These suggest that hydrophobic interaction plays a key role in the sorption of PFSAs on HSs. The sorption capacities of PFSAs on HSs were significantly related to their aliphaticity, but negatively correlated to aromatic carbons,indicating the importance of aliphatic groups in the sorption of PFSAs. Compared to PFOS,PFHx S displayed distinct desorption hysteresis, probably due to irreversible pore deformation after sorption of PFHx S. The sorption of the two PFSAs on HSs decreased with an increase in p H in the solution. This is ascribed to the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding at lower p H. Hydrophobic interaction might also be stronger at lower p H due to the aggregation of HSs.     

Removal of fluoride from water using titanium-based adsorbents

Three adsorbents including TiO₂, Ti-Ce, and Ti-La hybrid oxides were prepared to remove fluoride from aqueous solution. The Ti-Ce and Ti-La hybrid adsorbents obtained by the hydrolysis-precipitation method had much higher sorption capacity for fluoride than the TiO₂ adsorbent prepared through hydrolysis. Rare earth (Ce and La) oxides and TiO₂ exhibited a synergistic effect in the hybrid adsorbents for fluoride sorption. The sorption equilibrium of fluoride on the three adsorbents was achieved within 4 h, and the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetics well. The sorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well, and the adsorption capacities of fluoride on the Ti-Ce and Ti-La adsorbents were about 9.6 and 15.1 mg·g⁻¹, respectively, at the equilibrium fluoride concentration of 1.0 mg·L⁻¹, much higher than the 1.7 mg·g⁻¹ on the TiO₂. The sorption capacities of fluoride on the three adsorbents decreased significantly when the solution pH increased from 3 to 9.5. The electrostatic interaction played an important role in fluoride removal by the three adsorbents, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that the hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent surface were involved in fluoride adsorption.     

Effect of temperature on the sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on humic acid

Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, suggesting that diflusion predominated the sorption of PFOS on the humic acid. The sorption capacity was doubled when the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C, and thermodynamics parameters △G0 was calculated to be -7.11 to -5.04 kJ/mol, △H0 was 14.2 kJ/mol, and △S 0 was 69.5 J/(mol·K), indicating that the sorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven process. Desorption hysteresis occurred at all studied temperatures which suggested that humic acid may be an important sink of PFOS in the environment.     

新型氨化菌丝体吸附剂的制备及吸附典型内分泌干扰物的研究

以产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)菌丝体为原料,通过2步化学反应将含有大量氨基的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)嫁接到菌丝体表面,优化反应条件,得到最佳的氨化菌丝体吸附剂.该氨化吸附剂的等电点为pH 10.2,是一种表面带正电荷的菌丝体吸附剂,能有效吸附水中的阴离子内分泌干扰物五氯酚钠(PCP)、2,4二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)和全氟辛烷磺酸钾(PFOS).3种污染物的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,15℃时最大吸附量分别为342.9、234.1、1725.6 mg/g.热力学计算表明,3种污染物的吸附均是自发发生的,2,4-D和PFOS的吸附是吸热反应,而PCP是放热反应.     

海水中Cu2+和Cr3+对PFOS在沉积物上吸附行为的影响规律

为了解重金属与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)共存情况下,PFOS在沉积物上的吸附规律,本研究分别测定了在海水和淡水条件下添加不同浓度的Cu2+和Cr3+(0.5~50 mM)后,PFOS在沉积物上的吸附行为。结果表明,随着[Cu2+]的增加,PFOS在沉积物上的吸附能力和非线性均增强,且当溶液中PFOS浓度越低,增强作用越明显。与淡水相比,海水环境下该增强作用更为明显。随着[Cr3+]的增加,PFOS在沉积物上的吸附能力和非线性略有增强,且海水和淡水环境中增强作用几乎相同。对比发现,海水中Cu2+对PFOS在沉积物上的吸附增强效应比Cr3+更加明显。本文研究结果将有助于定量了解和预测PFOS和重金属复合污染情况下,PFOS在海水环境中的迁移规律,并为科学评价海洋环境中PFOS和重金属的生态风险及其总量控制提供技术支撑。     

Sorption of Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） including its isomers on hydrargillite as a function of pH,humic substances and Na2SO4

Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） is a persistent organic pollutant（POP） and emergent contaminant that are widespread in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms controlling the distribution of PFOS and its isomers between hydrargillite and the water phase is important in order to study their redistribution and mobility in the environment. This study investigated the effects of pH, humic acid, fulvic acid and Na₂SO₄ on sorption of PFOS isomers to hydrargillite. A mixture...     

全氟辛烷磺酸盐在天然水体沉积物中的吸附-解吸行为

通过平衡振荡试验,探讨了沉积物的理化性质(总有机碳含量、粒度、阳离子交换容量、比表面积)、离子强度和pH值对全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)吸附-解吸行为的影响.结果表明,在中性环境中PFOS在水和沉积物中有机质之间的分配作用是影响其吸附行为的重要机制,分配系数Kd与沉积物中总有机碳含量呈显著正相关(r=0.96,p＜0.01,n=15).随着离子强度的增加,盯OS在沉积物中的吸附量明显增大,解吸滞后现象更加明显.pH的影响在酸性和碱性条件下(pH 4～8.5)呈现出不同的特点,在酸性条件下随pH值增加,PFOS在沉积物中的吸附量减少;在pH接近中性时达到最小值;在碱性条件下随pH增加,吸附量增加.     

四氯联苯在草木灰上的吸附/解吸特征及吸附动力学研究

测定分析了草木灰的孔隙结构、表面性质及化学组成,研究了PCB52在草木灰上的吸附动力学、吸附等温线及解吸等温线的特征,结果表明Freundlich方程和二级动力学方程具有较高的拟合相关系数,说明吸附可能是复杂的多层吸附过程,且明显分为快速吸附和慢速吸附2个过程。解吸等温线呈现出非线性,且有一定的滞后性。随着草木灰浓度的增加HI值减小,即解吸滞后程度减小,且在高平衡浓度的条件下表现出更小的HI值,说明其更容易从吸附剂上解吸下来。     

SDBS对重油在胶州湾沉积物上吸附行为的影响

采用批量定时取样法和批量平衡振荡法研究了人工海水介质中阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）存在时,重油在胶州湾沉积物上的吸附行为.结果表明,重油在胶州湾沉积物上的吸附速率和吸附量均随SDBS初始浓度的增加而增大,吸附速率方程可以用伪二级动力学模型进行较好地描述,吸附等温线较好地符合Freundlich吸附模型,...     

用铁酸盐型磁性吸附剂去除偶氮染料酸性红B

通过对几种磁性铁酸盐型吸附剂Mfe₂O₄(M=Fe,Mn,Cu)的表面特性及去除染料酸性红B(ARB)的吸附性能与催化氧化再生性能的研究,证明该类吸附剂能够有效地吸附去除水中的酸性红B,经磁分离,用H₂O₂/Fe²⁺体系可以同时氧化有机物与再生吸附剂,吸附剂可以循环使用.pH值对吸附能力有很大影响,对于MnFe₂O₄和Fe₃O₄,发生最大吸附的pH值范围在3.5～3.8,而对于CuFe₂O₄ pH值则在4.5～4.8时有最大吸附能力.CuFe₂O₄的吸附容量最大,MnFe₂O₄次之,FeO₄最小;3种吸附剂的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir吸附模型.在发生吸附的pH值范围内,吸附剂吸附染料后其Zeta电位比吸附前均有明显降低.再生实验表明,3种吸附剂再生后,其比表面积明显增大,表面元素组成发生很大变化,其吸附能力也明显提高.     

亚慢性全氟辛烷磺酸染毒对大鼠海马细胞钙稳态的影响

采用经口摄食染毒,探讨全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对大鼠血清与脑组织中PFOS浓度及海马细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)的影响,观察大鼠大脑皮质、海马和小脑组织病理学变化.结果表明,染毒组大鼠血清与脑组织中PFOS浓度、海马细胞内[Ca2+]i均显著高于对照组,且随着染毒剂量的升高,海马细胞内[Ca2+]i升高.大鼠血清与脑组织中PFOS浓度、脑组织中PFOS浓度与海马细胞[Ca2+]i均呈现显著的正相关关系.染毒组大鼠大脑皮质、海马和小脑组织中未见尼氏体染色变浅等病理性改变.     

镧改性吸附剂废水除磷技术研究进展

磷是水体富营养化的重要限制性因子,也是废水中难以去除的物质。当前世界水体富营养化形势十分严峻,部分地区出现的水质性缺水已经影响到人们的生活和健康。随着社会对水体富营养化的关注不断提高和国家对水体富营养化的治理不断加强,排放废水中的磷含量控制越来越严格。因此,寻找高效、廉价、可行的废水除磷方法显得尤为重要。镧改性吸附剂除磷在费用投入和除磷效果等方面都具有明显优势,应用前景十分广阔。为进一步促进镧改性吸附剂除磷研究的深入开展,文章综述了镧改性吸附剂除磷的原理、常用镧改性吸附剂的种类及其研究现状、镧改性吸附剂除磷的影响因素等,展望了镧改性吸附剂除磷的应用前景,并指出了镧改性吸附剂除磷的不足和今后需要重点研究的方向。     

温州近海海域海水及滩涂沉积物中PFOS和PFOA污染特征分析

为了解温州近海海域全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)的污染状况和特征,采用固相萃取/高效液相串联质谱检测法分析了采自乐清湾、瓯江口、西湾、飞云江口及洞头半屏岛的近海海水和滩涂沉积物中PFOS和PFOA污染水平。结果显示,温州近海海水普遍存在PFOS和PFOA污染,其中,PFOS的浓度范围为<1.0～31.36 ng/L,中位浓度为2.29 ng/L;PFOA的浓度范围为<1.0～23.66 ng/L,中位浓度为5.29 ng/L。滩涂沉积物样品中PFOS和PFOA的浓度范围(干重)分别为(<1.0～11.91)×10-9(中位浓度为3.60×10-9)和(1.84～34.01)×10-9(中位浓度为6.83×10-9)。温州近海海水中PFOS和PFOA的污染水平明显高于香港沿岸、中国南海海水、韩国沿岸海水和近海珠江三角洲,与大连湾的海水相当,海岸滩涂沉积物中的PFOS和PFOA浓度远高于珠江和黄浦江沉积物中的浓度。     

Beneficial reuse of chicken feathers in removal of heavy metals from wastewater

Natural and chemically treated chicken feathers (CF) were tested for their ability, as adsorbents, to remove copper and zinc from wastewater. Alkaline solutions of 0.2 N NaOH were found to be the best for the sorption process and a 0.6 wt% solution of dodecyl sulfate, as anionic surfactant, also gave best adsorption results. Treatment of CF with alkaline solutions adsorb more metal ions than those treated with the anionic surfactant followed by the untreated CF. Generally, the kinetics of the removal process by all tested sorbents was fast. The Freundlich isotherm model was found to represent the equilibrium results, of all adsorbents toward copper and zinc, reasonably well.     

蛋白质及无机离子对纳滤膜去除PFOS的影响

以全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）为目标去除物,选取牛血清蛋白（BSA）为典型蛋白质类有机物,考察了BSA及其浓度,以及BSA与无机离子共存时,离子强度、离子种类对聚酰胺纳滤膜去除水中PFOS的影响.研究发现,原液中存在BSA时,PFOS的去除率有显著提高,而且BSA浓度越高,PFOS的去除率越高;当BSA与无机离子共存时,离子强度越大,PFOS去除率越高.这可能是因为BSA不但会吸附一部分PFOS,还会造成膜污染,BSA浓度越大,膜污染越严重,膜的筛分能力越强,且膜面与PFOS之间的静电排斥力越大,从而提高了PFOS的截留率.而无机离子的存在减小了BSA分子之间及与膜面之间的静电排斥力,使BSA污染层更加厚实,进一步增强了膜的筛分能力.此外,Ca²⁺提高PFOS去除率的能力优于Na⁺.     

刚果红分子印迹聚合物纳米微球的合成及吸附性能

本研究以刚果红为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,乙腈为致孔剂,2,2-偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用沉淀聚合法制备了刚果红分子印迹聚合物纳米微球(MIP).通过扫描、透射电镜对聚合物的结构和形貌进行了表征,结果显示制备的MIP微球的粒径在90 nm左右,粒径较为均匀.利用氮气吸附脱附实验测定了聚合物颗粒的比表面积和孔容.并对诸多吸附影响因素以及分子印迹聚合物的吸附能力、选择性和重复利用率进行了分析.结果表明,MIP对刚果红表现出较好的选择性识别能力,可多次循环使用,能用于染料废水中刚果红的选择性吸附.     

环境中全氟辛基磺酸前体物好氧生物降解进展

目前,在土壤、大气、水体等各种环境介质中均检测到了全氟辛基磺酸（PFOS）及其前体物（PrePFOS）的存在.自然条件下,PrePFOS的非生物降解量可以忽略不计,其生物降解的途径和降解量是预测未来PFOS环境行为的基础.本文对PrePFOS在环境介质中的分布以及生物降解进行了综述.在所有的PrePFOS中,关于N-乙基全氟辛基磺酰胺乙醇（EtFOSE）的研究较深入,其在土壤、活性污泥、沉积物中的降解途径及PFOS产量均有报道,EtFOSE的降解速度及其PFOS产量与介质的理化性质、微生物群落结构密切相关,N-乙基全氟辛基磺酰胺乙酸（EtFOSAA）脱羧转化为N-乙基全氟辛基磺酰胺（EtFOSA）是EtFOSE转化为PFOS的主要限速步骤.最新关于EtFOSE在土壤中的好氧生物降解的研究首次提出全氟辛基磺酰胺乙酸（FOSAA）脱羧形成全氟辛基磺酰胺（FOSA）是EtFOSE转化成PFOS的另外一个可能的限速步骤.全氟辛基磷酸酯（DiSAmPAP）在沉积物中的半衰期>380d,其可能的降解途径是先降解为EtFOSE,之后降解为PFOS.最后,在已有研究基础上,提出目前PrePFOS研究存在的问题及今后的研究方向.     

介孔氮化碳对水中全氟辛烷磺酸的吸附去除研究

以SBA-15为模板、四氯化碳和乙二胺为前驱体,通过聚合反应制备了介孔氮化碳(Mesoporous Carbon Nitride,MCN).同时,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和元素分析等手段对MCN进行了表征分析,并考察了MCN对水中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的吸附性能.结果表明,MCN吸附PFOS的过程符合准二级动力学模型,其吸附行为遵循Langmuir等温线模型;MCN吸附去除PFOS的效率受溶液pH值、溶液温度及共存离子等因素的影响,其中,溶液pH值的影响最为显著,当溶液pH值分别为2.2和10.6时,MCN对PFOS的去除率分别为98.15%和5.59%;吸附PFOS饱和后的MCN可以用0.1 mol·L-1NaOH溶液进行解吸,经5次循环/再生后的MCN对PFOS的去除率仍在95%以上.与介孔碳(CMK-3)和活性炭(AC)相比,MCN对PFOS显示出更优越的吸附能力.     

深圳市沿岸表层海水中全氟化合物的残留特征及其分布规律

为探究深圳市沿海岸表层海水中全氟化合物（perfluorinated chemicals,PFCs）的残留特征及其分布规律,应用固相萃取分离、富集与高效液相色谱-质谱联用相结合的方法,研究了深圳市沿海岸18处表层海水中15种PFCs的残留特征、分布规律及其成因.结果表明,深圳沿海岸表层海水中PFCs总的残留水平（ΣPFCs）受人类活动影响显著,位于珠江和东宝河入海口下方的西部沿岸表层海水中PFCs残留显著高于开发程度轻、人口稀疏的东部沿岸（P〈0.05）;而自然条件下,表层海水中ΣPFCs残留呈湾内高于湾外的规律.沿海岸表层海水中PFCs的主要残留种态为中、短链的全氟辛烷磺酸（perfluorooctanesulfonate,PFOS）、全氟辛酸、全氟己酸和全氟戊酸,其相似的环境行为（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）可能与PFCs相关产品的生产过程有关;聚类分析结果进一步显示,PFOS（R2=0.409 2）残留可作为评价深圳沿海岸表层海水中PFCs污染状况的典型参数.     

Contribution of black carbon to nonlinearity of sorption and desorption of acetochlor on sediment

In order to investigate the contribution of various black carbon (BC) contents to nonlinearity of sorption and desorption isotherms for acetochlor on sediment, equilibrium sorption and desorption isotherms were determined to measure sorption and desorption of acetochlor in sediment amended with various amounts of BC. In this paper, two types of BC referred to as BC400 and BC500 were prepared at 400°C and 500°C, respectively. Higher preparation temperature facilitated the formation of micropores on BC to enhance its sorption capacity. Increase of the BC content obviously increased the sorption amount and reduced the desorption amount for acetochlor. When the BC500 contents in total organic carbon (TOC) increased from 0 to 60%, Freundlich sorption coefficient (K _f) increased from 4.07 to 35.74, and desorption hysteresis became gradually obvious.When the content of BC in TOC was lower than 23%, the sorption isotherm had a significant linear correlation (p = 50.05). In case of desorption, a significant nonlinear change could be observed when the content of BC was up to 13%. Increase of BC content in the sediment would result in shifting the sorption-desorption isotherms from linearity to nonlinearity, which indicated that contribution of BC to nonlinear adsorption fraction became gradually remarkable.