加压溶氧光催化反应器降解活性艳红X-3B

探讨了加压溶氧条件对活性艳红X-3B的降解与脱色的作用,考察了加压条件下pH值,TiO2投加量及温度等对活性艳红X-3B降解的影响.结果表明,加压条件与常压条件下变化趋势基本一致.加压充氧有助于活性艳红X-3B的降解与脱色,加压充N2对反应基本没有作用,说明增加活度不是关键因素,加压使溶液中溶解氧增加是导致活性艳红X-3B降解与脱色的主要原因.光催化降解过程,发色基团最易被打碎,60min内降解效果显著,而萘环和苯环降解效果不十分明显.CODCr的降解与色度的褪除成正相关,脱色率越高,COD的降解率也越高.     

中性条件下超声波/零价铁协同降解活性艳红X-3B

考察了中性条件下超声波降解、零价铁还原及超声波-零价铁联用对活性艳红X-3B模拟废水的降解效果,通过对比降解过程中UV-Vis光谱的变化,探讨了超声波-零价铁协同处理活性艳红X-3B的可行性.结果表明,在中性条件下超声波对活性艳红X-3B降解缓慢,经过25min辐射后,活性艳红X-3B的分解率不足7.5%;零价铁直接还原速率较慢,反应25min后,活性艳红X-3B的分解率仅为48.82%;"超声波/零价铁"对降解活性艳红X-3B有明显的协同效应,25min后分解率达99.42%(600W),反应符合准一级动力学过程.与零价铁直接还原相比,在200W,400W和600W超声波的协同作用下,X-3B降解的表观反应速率常数分别提高了2.12,2.76和4.00倍,半衰期相应缩短.另外,添加H2O2会抑制协同效应.     

Ce掺杂TiO2固相光催化降解塑料薄膜

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了纯TiO2和掺杂Ce原子比例(Ce/Ti)为1.2%的TiO2粉末(Ce1.2%-TiO2)光催化剂,分别制备了纯聚乙烯薄膜、添加纯TiO2和Ce1.2%-TiO2粉末的复合聚乙烯薄膜,并于紫外、可见光照下进行了薄膜光催化降解实验;采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射分析表征了光催化剂的晶体结构及紫外可见光吸收性能;通过激光扫描共焦显微镜和傅立叶红外光谱对薄膜光催化降解过程进行测试.实验结果表明,添加光催化剂可有效降解聚乙烯薄膜,其中Ce掺杂TiO2的活性明显优于纯TiO2;在紫外光照下的降解效果优于在可见光照下的降解效果,且随着光催化剂投加量的增大,光催化效果越来越好,当添加量为5.0 %(质量分数)的Ce1.2%-TiO2时复合薄膜经紫外光照300 h后,光催化降解失重率达到33%(质量分数).     

纳米TiO2混合晶体的制备及其光催化降解活性

以乙酸为水解抑制剂，采用sol-gel法制备纳米TiO2混合晶体催化剂，考察了抑制剂用量、煅烧温度、粒径等对催化性能的影响．结果表明，乙酸的用量影响催化剂的活性，当CH3COOH：Ti(OBu)4=0．8—1．0：1时效果较好；煅烧温度直接影响混合晶体的组成，580℃时锐钛矿／金红石=20．62，650℃时锐钛型／金红石=2．46，混合晶体具有较高的催化性能，粒径大小对TiO2的催化性能影响很大，粒子尺寸愈小，则比表面积愈大，电子．空穴愈难复合，有利于对活性艳红X-3B的降解．     

掺铅TiO2薄膜的光催化活性及电化学性能

采用溶胶凝胶烧结工艺在玻璃表面制备铅离子多层掺杂的光催化复合TiO2薄膜,用XRD技术表征了该薄膜的晶型,并用电化学方法测定了该薄膜电极的伏安特性及交流阻抗性能．以光催化降解甲基橙溶液为模型反应,采用两种不同方式制备的铅离子多层掺杂TiO2薄膜具有很好的光催化活性,最佳掺杂浓度均为0．5％(Pb／Ti原子百分比),PbD0.5掺铅薄膜的最佳光催化降解甲基橙表观速率常数约是纯TiO2的2．52倍．铅离子掺杂TiO2薄膜表现出近表面处捕获光生电子或空穴,随后被捕获的电子或空穴迁移到TiO2薄膜表向参与光催化反应。     

Ti/Sb-SnO2功能电极的制备及电化学处理废水的性能

采用热分解法制备了Ti/Sb-SnO2电极,并用XRD、SEM对电极涂层进行表征.研究了涂层次数对于析氧过电位的影响,应用阳极快速寿命测试法测试了Ti/Sb-SnO2电极的使用寿命,通过极化曲线考察了电极的析氧过电位.采用该电极对甲基橙模拟废水进行了电化学降解实验,并考察此电极处理实际废水的效果.研究表明,随着涂层次数...     

Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti电极的制备、表征及电催化性能

采用电沉积法制备了Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti、PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti、PbO2/Ti 3种电极,运用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪观察表面形貌与形态,通过线性扫描伏安法在0.1 mol·L-1的H2SO4中测定电极的析氧极化曲线.以对硝基酚(p-NP)为目标污染物,考察了电极的电催化活性,在20 mA.cm-2电流密度下降解100 mg·L-1 p-NP,120 min时表观速率常数分别为0.0370 min-1、0.0265 min-1和0.0180 min-1,COD去除率分别为77.38%、74.07%、66.18%,研究发现在相同的条件下Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti性能更佳,矿化更完全.     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解橡椀栲胶的研究

以Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2 薄膜,用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了纳米TiO2薄膜的形貌,X-射线衍射(XRD)考察相同条件下粉体的相结构.研究水中橡椀栲胶的光催化降解行为.结果表明,橡椀栲胶的降解可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程来描述,即浓度较高时,栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合零级动力学方程;浓度较低时,栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程.外加H2O2对橡椀栲胶的光催化降解有极大的促进作用,但这种促进作用会因为光生电子效率的影响而有一个极限值.在远离橡椀栲胶溶液等电点的起始pH值条件下光催化降解效果较好,且在碱性条件下的降解速率高于酸性条件下的降解速率.     

BDD-Fe-NADE电芬顿系统降解磺胺类抗生素的作用机理

本研究构建了以BDD电极为阳极,自然空气扩散电极(natural air diffusion electrode,NADE)为阴极,零价铁作为催化剂的电芬顿系统,深入探索了该系统对磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine,SD)的降解效果和机理.相较于其他系统,BDD-Fe-NADE系统降解优势明显.为进一步探索系统的作用机理,在BDD阳极和NADE阴极之间加入质子交换膜,构建双室降解系统,分别计算阳极室和阴极室中直接电子转移(direct electron transfer,DET)、H₂O₂、·OH、S₂O₈^2-和·SO₄^-等氧化性粒子对于磺胺嘧啶降解的贡献率.结果表明,在阳极室中,电极氧化和Fe²⁺催化S₂O₈^2-产生的·SO₄^-起主要氧化作用,贡献率分别为49.02%和35.29%;在阴极室中,Fe     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解橡梳栲胶的研究

以Ti（OC4H9）4为原料，溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜，用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了纳米TiO2薄膜的形貌，X-射线衍射（XRD）考察相同条件下粉体的相结构．研究水中橡梳栲胶的光催化降解行为．结果表明，橡梳栲胶的降解可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程来描述，即浓度较高时，栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合零级动力学方程；浓度较低时，栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程．外加H2O2对橡梳栲胶的光催化降解有极大的促进作用，但这种促进作用会因为光生电子效率的影响而有一个极限值．在远离橡梳栲胶溶液等电点的起始pH值条件下光催化降解效果较好，且在碱性条件下的降解速率高于酸性条件下的降解速率。     

Efficient photoelectrochemical oxidation of rhodamine B on metal electrodes without photocatalyst or supporting electrolyte

We designed photoelectrochemical cells to achieve efficient oxidation of rhodamine B (RhB) without the need for photocatalyst or supporting electrolyte. RhB, the metal anode/cathode, and O₂ formed an energy-relay structure, enabling the efficient formation of O ₂ ^– species under ultraviolet illumination. In a single-compartment cell (S cell) containing a titanium (Ti) anode, Ti cathode, and 10 mg·mL^–1 RhB in water, the zero-order rate constant of the photoelectrochemical oxidation (k_PEC) of RhB was 0.049 mg·L^–1·min^–1, while those of the photochemical and electrochemical oxidations of RhB were nearly zero. k_PEC remained almost the same when 0.5 mol·L^–1 Na₂SO₄ was included in the reactive solution, regardless of the increase in the photocurrent of the S cell. The k_PEC of the illuminated anode compartment in the two-compartment cell, including a Ti anode, Ti cathode, and 10 mg·mL^–1 RhB in water, was higher than that of the S cell. These results support a simple, eco-friendly, and energysaving method to realize the efficient degradation of RhB.

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Electrocatalytic biofilm reactor for effective and energy-efficient azo dye degradation: the synergistic effect of MnOx/Ti flow-through anode and biofilm on the cathode

● MnO _x /Ti flow-through anode was coupled with the biofilm-attached cathode in ECBR. ● ECBR was able to enhance the azo dye removal and reduce the energy consumption. ● Mn^IV=O generated on the electrified MnO _x /Ti anode catalyzed the azo dye oxidation. ● Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria on the cathode degraded azo dye intermediate products. ● Biodegradation of intermediate products was stimulated under the electric field. Dyeing wastewater treatment remains a challenge. Although effective, the in-series process using electrochemical oxidation as the pre- or post-treatment of biodegradation is long. This study proposes a compact dual-chamber electrocatalytic biofilm reactor (ECBR) to complete azo dye decolorization and mineralization in a single unit via anodic oxidation on a MnO_x/Ti flow-through anode followed by cathodic biodegradation on carbon felts. Compared with the electrocatalytic reactor with a stainless-steel cathode (ECR-SS) and the biofilm reactor (BR), the ECBR increased the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency by 24 % and 31 % (600 mg/L Acid Orange 7 as the feed, current of 6 mA), respectively. The COD removal efficiency of the ECBR was even higher than the sum of those of ECR-SS and BR. The ECBR also reduced the energy consumption (3.07 kWh/kg COD) by approximately half compared with ECR-SS. The advantages of the ECBR in azo dye removal were attributed to the synergistic effect of the MnO_x/Ti flow-through anode and cathodic biofilms. Catalyzed by Mn^IV=O generated on the MnO_x/Ti anode under a low applied current, azo dyes were oxidized and decolored. The intermediate products with improved biodegradability were further mineralized by the cathodic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (non-electrochemically active) under the stimulation of the applied current. Taking advantage of the mutual interactions among the electricity, anode, and bacteria, this study provides a novel and compact process for the effective and energy-efficient treatment of azo dye wastewater.     

The treatment of black-odorous water using tower bipolar electro-flocculation including the removal of phosphorus,turbidity, sulfion,and oxygen enrichment

• An innovative bubble column tower BPE was designed to treat the black-odorous water. • PO₄³⁻, S²⁻ and turbidity were removed, and dissolved oxygen was enriched in the BPE. • An aluminum bipolar electrode gave the best oxygen enrichment and pollutant removal. • Changes of microorganisms confirmed the improvement in water quality achieved. The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’ self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water. Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful remediation technology. Electro-flocculation in a bubble column tower with a bipolar electrode (BPE) was tested in an attempt to overcome the high resistance and weak gas-floatation observed with a monopolar electrode (MPE) in treating such water. The BPE reactor tested had a Ti/Ta₂O₅-IrO₂ anode and a graphite cathode with an iron or aluminum bipolar electrode suspended between them. It was tested for its ability to reduce turbidity, phosphate and sulphion and to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The inclusion of the bipolar electrode was found to distinctly improved the system’s conductivity. The system’s electro-flocculation and electrical floatation removed turbidity, phosphate and sulphion completely, and the dissolved oxygen level improved from 0.29 to 6.28 mg/L. An aluminum bipolar electrode performed better than an iron one. Changes in the structure of the microbial community confirmed a significant improvement in water quality.     

Catalytic ozonation of reactive red X-3B in aqueous solution under low pressure: decolorization and OH· generation

Catalytic ozonation of Reactive Red X-3B in aqueous solution had been carried out in an ozone oxidation reactor where Mn-Fe-ceramic honeycomb was used as the catalysts. The presence of Mn-Fe-ceramic honeycomb catalyst could obviously improve the decoloration efficiency of Reactive Red X-3B and the utilization efficiency of ozone compared to the results from non-catalytic ozonation. Adsorption of Reactive Red X-3B had no obviously influence on the degradation efficiency. Addition of tert-butanol significantly decreased the degradation efficiency, indicating that the degradation of Reactive Red X-3B followed the mechanism of hydroxyl radical (OH·) oxidation. The operating variables such as reaction pressure and ozone supply had a positive influence on the degradation efficiency, mainly attributing to facilitate the ozone decomposition and OH· formation.     

Coupled electrocoagulation–electro-Fenton for efficient domestic wastewater treatment

This article reports the first use of coupled electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton (EF-EC) to clean domestic wastewater. Domestic wastewater contains high amounts of organic, inorganic and microbial pollutants that cannot be usually treated in a single step. Here, to produce an effluent suitable for discharge in a single process step, a hybrid process combining electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton was simultaneously used to decrease chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) from domestic wastewater. The electrocoagulation–electro-Fenton process was firstly tested for the production of H₂O₂ using Ti–IrO₂ and vitreous carbon- or graphite electrodes arranged at the anode and the cathode, respectively. The concentration of H₂O₂ recorded at 1.5 A of current intensity during 60 min of electrolysis using vitreous carbon- and graphite electrodes at the cathode was 4.18 and 1.62 mg L^?1, respectively. By comparison, when the iron electrode was used at the anode, 2.05 and 1.06 mg L^?1 of H₂O₂ were recorded using vitreous carbon and graphite, respectively. The H₂O₂ concentration decrease was attributed to hydroxyl radical formation generated by the Fenton reaction. Electro-Fenton using iron electrode at the anode and vitreous carbon at the cathode with a current density imposed of 0.34 A dm^?2 ensures the removal efficiency of 50.1 % COD_T, 70.8 % TSS and 90.4 % turbidity. The electrocoagulation–electro-Fenton technique is therefore a promising secondary treatment to simultaneously remove organic, inorganic and microbial pollutants from domestic, municipal and industrial wastewaters.     

阴阳极成对耦合紫外光辅助电催化降解毒死蜱

以空气扩散阴极、纯铂阳极和紫外灯构建了阴阳极成对耦合紫外光辅助电催化的体系,并系统地研究了电流密度、阳极SO42-浓度以及毒死蜱初始浓度对毒死蜱降解效果的影响.结果表明,当阴极/阳极的电流密度为45/450 mA·cm^-2,阳极SO42-浓度为1.0 mol·L^-1,毒死蜱初始浓度为25 mg·L^-1时,反应60 min后毒死蜱降解率可达99%.对阴极产物的红外分析结果表明,毒死蜱降解后结构中的吡啶环和PS被破坏,产生亚硝氮和正磷酸盐,毒性得到减弱.通过对比阴阳极成对耦合紫外光复合体系与阴极耦合紫外光复合体系、阳极耦合紫外光复合体系的电流效率,发现阴阳极成对耦合紫外光复合体系的电流效率是阴极耦合紫外光复合体系的2倍,是阳极耦合紫外光复合体系的4倍.     

TiO2/活性炭复合体对罗丹明B的光催化降解

以紫外灯为光源,通过对可溶性染料罗丹明B的降解反应,考察TiO2／活性炭复合体的光催化活性,探讨了光催化反应中溶液的pH值、光强、反应温度和罗丹明B的起始浓度对催化反应的影响,结果表明,TiO2／活性炭复合体具有很高的光催化活性,对罗丹明B的降解过程遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程,降解速率受pH值、罗丹明B起始浓度和入射光强度的影响很大,反应温度对降解速率影响很小．在研究范围内,pH6和40W的入射光强度有利于光催化降解．     

Optimization of electrochemical process for phenanthrene removal from aqueous medium by Taguchi

Discharge of refinery effluents containing phenanthrene (Phe) may exert carcinogenic effects on aquatic organisms. The aim of the current investigation was to investigate electrochemical removal of Phe from urban drinking water using a batch reactor. Phe removal efficiency was examined under different operating conditions including current density (1–8 mA/cm²), electrode composition materials such as aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), steel (AS), or zinc (Zn), pH (4–10), and duration (20–60 min). Phe concentration was determined utilizing standard techniques. Steel–Steel (AS–AS) as anode–cathode electrodes resulted in the least Phe removal (not detected), while Zn–Cu anode–cathode electrodes produced the highest Phe removal (100%) under similar experimental conditions. The increase in current density from 1 to 8 mA/cm² at optimum electrode and pH enhanced Phe removal from 56% to 100%. The rise in duration from 20 to 60 min at optimum electrode and pH increased Phe removal from 32% to 100%. These findings indicated that Phe removal efficiency was elevated with increasing current density, electrolysis time, and pH. Batch experiments indicated that the electrochemical reactor might be effective in removing Phe from drinking water.