生物质炭输入对土壤碳排放的激发效应研究进展

生物质炭因其特殊结构分解缓慢而长期固存在土壤中,在稳定有机碳库、增加碳库容量、保持土壤肥力、改变土壤质地方面具有重要作用。同时,随着生物质炭输入土壤团聚体结构、水分渗透性、养分吸附和微生物活性也发生改变,引起原位土壤有机碳周转改变的激发效应。文章综述了生物质炭输入对土壤环境、碳排放、生物质炭自身碳矿化的影响,对生物质炭-土壤互作产生的激发效应持久性、大小、方向和机制进行总结,即生物质炭输入后的正激发效应可能表现为生物质炭中可溶组分与微生物共代谢而促进生物质炭自身碳矿化;生物质炭添加引起的负激发效应可能表现为生物质炭诱发原位土壤有机碳更加稳定或生物质炭中易挥发有机物抑制原位土壤微生物活性而降低土壤碳排放。并根据目前的研究现状,就生物质炭输入量、与土壤微生物群落和植物的相互作用、生物质炭添加的风险预测和评估及开展长期研究的必要性等问题进行展望,以期为生态系统长期碳吸存研究奠定基础,为应对气候变化提供选择和参考。     

生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展

在厌氧或者绝氧的条件下对生物质进行热解,可产生含碳丰富的固体物质,称为生物质炭。由于生物质炭在农业和环境中的巨大应用前景和对土壤碳的增汇减排作用,近期成为土壤学和环境科学的研究热点。综述了生物质炭的一些基本性质及其对土壤环境功能的影响,分析了该领域未来的发展趋势。国内外的研究表明：生物质炭含有大量植物所需的营养元素,可以促进土壤养分的循环和植物的生长;生物质炭一般呈碱性,施用生物质炭可以降低土壤的酸度和有毒元素如铝和重金属对植物的毒性;生物质炭表面含有丰富的-COOH、-COH和-OH等含氧官能团,它们产生的表面负电荷使生物质炭具有较高的阳离子交换量（CEC）,施用后可以提高土壤的CEC;生物质炭对农药等有机污染物和重金属等有很强的吸附能力,可用于污染土壤的修复;生物质炭具有高度的孔隙结构,可以增加土壤的空隙度和保水能力,降低土壤容重,有利植物根系生长;生物质炭是一种含碳的聚合物,主要由单环和多环的芳香族化合物组成,这种结构特点决定了生物质炭具有较高的化学和生物学稳定性,较强的抵抗微生物分解的能力,增强了土壤的固碳作用,减少碳向大气的再释放。该文可为从事农业废弃物的资源化利用、固碳减排、污染土壤修复和土壤改良与管理等领域的科研人员提供参考。     

不同生物质炭对稻田土壤CH_4排放的影响研究进展

稻田是CH_4的重要排放源,降低水稻土CH_4排放对减缓全球气候变化具有重要意义。生物质炭因其具有较强的稳定性、吸附性和碱性等特性,在稻田CH_4减排研究中受到广泛关注。综述了不同生物质和不同热解温度制成及不同孔隙结构的生物质炭对稻田土壤CH_4排放的影响及其机制等方面的国内外研究进展。结果发现,不同生物质炭的性质有很大差异。不同生物质炭的添加,通过对稻田土壤的通气性、可溶性有机碳含量、p H及水稻植株的不同作用来影响产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌的活性和丰度,进而影响CH_4排放。此外,生物质炭对CH_4排放的影响还与土壤类型有关。结合目前国内外生物质炭对CH_4排放影响的研究现状,提出了未来生物质炭在稻田CH_4排放领域的研究方向,旨在为生物质炭在稻田CH_4减排中的应用提供思路和参考。     

秸秆生物质炭土地利用的环境效益研究

农田土壤有机碳矿化释放CO2是农业温室气体排放的重要途径,促进土壤碳截获对于减缓全球温室效应具有重要意义。生物质炭具有改良土壤性质、促进土壤团聚体的形成、对土壤微生物生态具有调控作用等特性。因此,生物质炭对增强土壤碳截获能力及减少土壤CO2气体排放可能具有重要作用。采用实验室盆栽的方式,以黑麦草为目标植物,对农业秸秆生物质炭土地利用的环境效益进行了研究。实验结果表明：农业秸秆制生物质炭应用于农田土壤能产生多方面的环境效益。与对照相比,添加1%~4%生物质炭处理的土壤活性有机质质量分数均增加了25%以上,土壤呼吸度降低了23%~50%,同时,添加生物质炭对植物的生长也有促进作用。添加4%秸秆炭的处理的黑麦草生物量增加了68%。此外,秸秆生物质炭的添加对土壤中的养分具有较好的持留功能,与比照相比,添加生物质炭处理的土壤淋出液中氮和磷质量浓度显著降低,说明生物质炭能够有效减少水冲刷造成的氮磷流失,降低农业面源污染。     

生物质炭施加对新成水稻土碳组分及其分解的影响

将玉米芯热解炭化的生物质炭施加于长江沉积物新成土上发育的稻田土壤中,1 a后采集土壤并进行土壤碳分组及土壤培养;基于生物质炭与土壤的碳同位素丰度差异,量化生物质炭来源的有机质在土壤组分中的分布,分析施用生物质炭对土壤碳组分及其培养过程中分解动态的影响。结果表明,施用生物质炭可显著增加各级团聚体的有机碳含量,大部分(76%~90%)生物质炭以游离态形式存在于大团聚体(250μm)和微团聚体(50~250μm)外,少部分与微团聚体或20μm土壤矿质较紧密地结合。添加的生物质炭未促进土壤团聚体的形成。土壤中生物质炭自身的分解很弱,但不同程度地促进了原有土壤碳的分解。该试验初步证实,生物质炭单独施用未明显促进新成土上发育的稻田土壤有机碳的稳定,反之短期内可能加速土壤原有有机碳的分解。     

生物炭对土壤微生物的影响研究进展

生物炭是有机材料在厌氧条件下热解而成的产物。近年来,生物炭因在碳固定、土壤改良和作物产量提高等方面具有较大的应用潜力而引起国内外学者的广泛关注。作为一类新型的土壤改良剂,它能提高土壤有机碳含量及阳离子交换量(CEC),改善土壤保肥持水性能,有益于土壤微生物活动,同时还可吸附抑制对土壤微生物生长有毒的化感物质,为土壤微生物提供有利的栖息场所。但生物炭的效应与生物炭的特性、用量、土壤类型及肥力有关。笔者从生物炭对土壤微生物的影响及其作用机制出发,概述了不同生物质材料及热解温度对生物炭理化性质的影响及生物炭对土壤微生物丰度、群落结构和活性影响的研究进展。未来应重点从生物炭的特性、生物炭与微生物交互作用及生物炭的环境修复等方面深入研究,客观评价生物炭对土壤微生物的作用。     

生物炭对土壤中微生物群落结构及其生物地球化学功能的影响

生物炭是由生物质在完全或部分缺氧的情况下经热解炭化产生的一类高度芳香化难熔性固态物质,具有改善土壤理化性质、调控营养元素循环、防治重金属、多环芳烃等污染物迁移转化等功能,因此,在土壤改良与修复领域具有较好的应用前景。但是,生物炭的施用将对土壤中的微生物群落结构组成带来影响,从而改变整个生态系统的物质循环过程。本文综述了近年来国内外有关生物炭对土壤微生物分布影响的研究进展,探讨了生物炭对土壤微生物生长代谢的作用机制,阐述了生物炭对于微生物主导的土壤生物地球化学过程产生的影响作用。相关研究发现,土壤总微生物生物量在生物炭施用后或增加,或不变,或呈现下降趋势;不同种类微生物对于生物炭的响应非常复杂,从而呈现出各异的土壤微生物群落结构组成。生物炭对微生物生长代谢的影响源于改变p H环境、影响水分分布、调节养分循环等多种机制的协同作用,而生物炭在对环境物质的吸附以及对微生物的直接吸附方面扮演着重要角色。同时,生物炭对于土壤微生物群落结构组成的影响还会随着时间的推移而发生变化。生物炭对土壤中微生物分布的改变还会进一步影响微生物的生物地球化学功能,对温室气体排放、碳氮循环和有机污染物降解等生物地球化学过程产生重要影响。因此,有待开展更多关于生物炭对于土壤微生物分布及其生态功能的影响的深入研究,以期更全面地评价生物炭对土壤环境质量的影响作用,为生物炭的实际应用提供依据。     

施用生物炭对土壤微生物的影响

作为生物质材料的热解产物,生物炭被认为是很有前景的环境污染治理与生态修复材料.多方面的研究说明,生物炭的多孔、大比表面积、丰富的官能团等性能,使其具有"锁定"碳,固定土壤污染物,改善土质等功能,从而从土壤物理化学的角度证实了生物炭在土壤污染治理与改良方面的作用,但至于生物炭对土壤微生物的影响及其长期效应尚处于起步阶段.本文总结分析了近年来国内外生物炭与土壤微生物相关的研究成果,得出生物炭能通过改变土壤资源储备(如可利用C、营养物质、水分等)、非生命成分(如p H、CEC等)等理化性质,加快土壤细菌和真菌的生长与繁殖,影响土壤微生物群落结构和功能.可见,生物炭土地利用的优点不容置疑,为了实现其规模化应用,生物炭的施用剂量、生物炭-微生物-污染物的作用机理等问题亟待深入地研究,生物炭对土壤微生物及养分循环的长期影响还有待于系统地展开.     

不同水分条件下生物质炭添加对湿地土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为了研究水分条件如何左右生物质炭添加对湿地土壤微生物群落结构的影响,通过对室内培养240和720 d的添加生物质炭的土壤进行采样,分析了75%田间持水量、干湿交替和淹水3种水分条件下添加芦苇秸秆生物质炭(裂解温度分别为350和600℃)的湿地土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)量。结果表明,除75%田间持水量条件下培养240 d,生物质炭添加提高土壤微生物PLFAs总量和各类群微生物PLFAs量以外,75%田间持水量条件下培养720 d以及干湿交替和淹水条件下培养240和720 d,生物质炭添加均降低土壤微生物PLFAs总量和各类群PLFAs量,其中,干湿交替条件下土壤微生物PLFAs量下降幅度最大;培养240 d后添加裂解温度为350℃生物质炭的土壤微生物PLFAs总量及各类群微生物PLFAs量总体上高于添加裂解温度为600℃生物质炭的土壤。不同于未添加生物质炭的土壤,除75%田间持水量条件下的土壤放线菌以外,培养240 d后添加生物质炭的土壤微生物PLFAs总量和土壤其他类群微生物PLFAs量均高于培养720 d;除革兰阴性菌(G~-)外,总体上添加生物质炭的土壤微生物PLFAs量在干湿交替条件下最低,而在淹水条件下最高。75%田间持水量条件下,生物质炭添加提高土壤微生物丰富度指数(H)和均匀度指数(J),降低了优势度指数(D),而淹水条件下,培养240 d后生物质炭添加降低H和J指数,提高D指数,但干湿交替条件下生物质炭添加对土壤微生物多样性指数的影响没有明显规律性。冗余分析(RDA)和相关性分析结果表明,速效磷含量、硝态氮含量和pH与土壤微生物群落结构存在显著相关性,且相同水分条件下土壤微生物群落结构更为相似。研究认为添加生物质炭可通过自身性质和改变土壤理化性质来影响土壤微生物群落结构,而土壤水分条件和培养时间是左右生物质炭添加对微生物群落结构影响的重要因子。生物质炭添加仅促进75%田间持水量条件下培养240 d的土壤微生物生长,其他处理下生物质炭添加抑制大多数类群微生物生长或无影响。     

两类生物炭的元素组分分析及其热稳定性

通过元素分析、红外光谱和热重分析探讨了4种不同来源生物炭(玉米芯、香蕉杆、草海底泥、泥炭土)的理化性质及热稳定性.结果表明,生物炭的制备是一个逐渐从"软质碳"向"硬质碳"过渡的过程,制备过程中生物炭含碳量增加,芳香性增强,形成致密的碳结构,其中的含氧官能团被大量烧失,极性减弱,憎水性增强,不易被土壤中的微生物利用,有利于增加生物炭在土壤中的稳定性.热重实验显示,沉积物生物炭拥有比植物生物炭更好的热稳定性,这是因为沉积物中无机矿物对有机质起到了保护作用.     

Variation in soil organic carbon mineralization and microbial community structure induced by the conversion from double rice fields to drained fields北大核心CSCD

Land use conversion is an important factor influencing the carbon gas exchange between land and atmosphere. The effect of land use conversion on soil organic carbon mineralization and microbial function is important for soil organic carbon sequestration and stability. This research studied the effects of land use conversion on soil chemical properties, organic carbon mineralization and microbial community structure after two years of conversion from double rice cropping (RR) to maize-maize (MM) and soybean-peanut (SP) double cropping systems in southern China. The results showed that soil pH significantly decreased by 0.50 (MM) and 0.52 (SP, P = 0.002), and dissolved organic carbon significantly increased by 23%- 35% (P = 0.016). No significant difference was found in soil organic carbon mineralization rate with the land use conversion, though the accumulated mineralization decreased after 13 days of incubation (P = 0.019). Land use conversion from paddy to upland significantly changed soil microbial community structure. The total PLFAs, bacterial, gram-positive bacterial (G+), gram-negative bacterial (G-) and actinomycetic PLFAs decreased significantly (P < 0.05), the ratio of fungal PLFAs to bacterial PLFAs (F/B) increased significantly (P = 0.006). But no significant differences in microbial groups were found between MM and SP. The accumulated mineralization at the beginning period of the incubation were significantly positively correlated with soil actinomycetic PLFAs (P = 0.034). After 13 days of incubation, soil F/B showed a positive correlation with the accumulated mineralization (P = 0.004). However, soil microbial community structure(P = 0.014)and total PLFAs(P = 0.033)showed a positive correlation with the accumulated mineralization after 108 days of incubation. Our results indicated that after conversion from paddy soils to drained soils, soil pH and total nitrogen are the key factors regulating the variations in soil microbial community structure and biomass, and then influencing soil organic carbon mineralization.     

Microbial nitrogen limitation increases decomposition

With anthropogenic nutrient inputs to ecosystems increasing globally, there are long-standing, fundamental questions about the role of nutrients in the decomposition of organic matter. We tested the effects of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus inputs on litter decomposition across a broad suite of litter and soil types. In one experiment, C mineralization was compared across a wide array of plants individually added to a single soil, while in the second, C mineralization from a single substrate was compared across 50 soils. Counter to basic stoichiometric decomposition theory, low N availability can increase litter decomposition as microbes use labile substrates to acquire N from recalcitrant organic matter. This "microbial nitrogen mining" is consistently suppressed by high soil N supply or substrate N concentrations. There is no evidence for phosphorus mining as P fertilization increases short- and long-term mineralization. These results suggest that basic stoichiometric decomposition theory needs to be revised and ecosystem models restructured accordingly in order to predict ecosystem carbon storage responses to anthropogenic changes in nutrient availability.     

秸秆还田条件下农田系统碳循环研究进展

秸秆还田是农田生态系统的固碳减排的一种措施,现已成为国内外学者研究的热点。本文在分析农田系统碳循环流通的基础上,将系统划分为土壤、植物和大气3个子系统,对秸秆还田条件下各个子系统中碳的流动变化情况进行讨论。在土壤子系统中,秸秆还田对土壤有机碳（SOC）、土壤矿化碳、土壤微生物碳（MBC）的变化都有作用。秸秆还田的初期可能会降低微生物利用碳源的能力,影响群落物种分布的均匀度,致使作物对碳、氮利用率下降;然而,长期的效应仍会增加土壤微生物的多样性和活性。研究亦认为秸秆还田特别是与有机肥配合使用,能够提高土壤有机碳的含量;对土壤有机碳矿化具有明显促进作用,但是对土壤原有的有机碳矿化影响尚不清楚。秸秆还田在植物子系统中的影响主要集中在植物光合碳变化。已有的研究表明秸秆还田对作物光合作用的影响表现为正效应;然而根际碳流通的变化尚不清楚。在大气子系统中,秸秆还田能够增强旱地耕作土壤的呼吸作用,促进CO2的排放;而淹水条件下,秸秆还田使土壤有机碳矿化受到了明显抑制,对CO2没有明显影响。与此类似,淹水条件促进CH4排放,排水良好可以减少CH4的释放。事实上对CH4的排放而言,水份的影响可能比秸秆还田所产生的影响更大。笔者认为秸秆还田后土壤有机碳流通变化机理,及根际碳的流通变化影响仍有待进一步解析。其次,农业机械使用所产生的 CO2气体在研究秸秆还田模式时也应被考虑在内。除此之外,秸秆还田这种减排措施（CO2）的减排潜力、适宜应用的区域、可能的协同作用和一些限制及不利因素还没有得到确切的评估,实施过程中应考虑社会和经济层面上的因素。     

Potential nitrogen constraints on soil carbon sequestration under low and elevated atmospheric CO2

The interaction between nitrogen cycling and carbon sequestration is critical in predicting the consequences of anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO2 (hereafter, Ca). The progressive N limitation (PNL) theory predicts that carbon sequestration in plants and soils with rising Ca may be constrained by the availability of nitrogen in many ecosystems. Here we report on the interaction between C and N dynamics during a four-year field experiment in which an intact C3/C4 grassland was exposed to a gradient in Ca from 200 to 560 micromol/mol. There were strong species effects on decomposition dynamics, with C loss positively correlated and N mineralization negatively correlated with Ca for litter of the C3 forb Solanum dimidiatum, whereas decomposition of litter from the C4 grass Bothriochloa ischaemum was unresponsive to Ca. Both soil microbial biomass and soil respiration rates exhibited a nonlinear response to Ca, reaching a maximum at approximately 440 micromol/mol Ca. We found a general movement of N out of soil organic matter and into aboveground plant biomass with increased Ca. Within soils we found evidence of C loss from recalcitrant soil C fractions with narrow C:N ratios to more labile soil fractions with broader C:N ratios, potentially due to decreases in N availability. The observed reallocation of N from soil to plants over the last three years of the experiment supports the PNL theory that reductions in N availability with rising Ca could initially be overcome by a transfer of N from low C:N ratio fractions to those with higher C:N ratios. Although the transfer of N allowed plant production to increase with increasing Ca, there was no net soil C sequestration at elevated Ca, presumably because relatively stable C is being decomposed to meet microbial and plant N requirements. Ultimately, if the C gained by increased plant production is rapidly lost through decomposition, the shift in N from older soil organic matter to rapidly decomposing plant tissue may limit net C sequestration with increased plant production.     

保护性耕作对农田土壤有机碳库的影响

农田土壤有机碳库是陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分,对维持全球碳平衡具有重要意义。有机碳库的储量除了受气候和环境因素的影响外,还受农业耕作措施的影响。综述了保护性耕作对土壤有机碳库的影响,并从碳输入、碳分解和碳固持3个方面讨论了保护性耕作影响有机碳库的途径。大量实验结果表明,保护性耕作在表层土壤中能提高作物根系生物量1.0%~142.9%;增加土壤微生物的生物量2.2%~140%。免耕还显著降低土壤的呼吸强度,在0.9%~72.6%之间,从而减少碳的损失。免耕还提高了土壤团聚体数量,从而有利于有机碳在土壤中的固持。今后的研究应该在如下几方面加强：（1）加强区域性对比研究;（2）加强长期定位研究;（3）加强对固碳机理的研究;（4）建立模型加强对多种因子综合效应的研究。     

威廉腔环蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)对~(14)C-土壤有机质转化的研究

土壤有机碳是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,而大型土壤动物对土壤碳库的稳定性起着重要的决定作用。利用14C示踪技术,以14C-葡萄糖制备微生物源的土壤有机质(Soil organic matter,SOM),以蚯蚓威廉腔环蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)为代表,研究了14C-SOM在含有蚯蚓的两种土壤、不含蚯蚓的对照土壤和不含蚯蚓的蚓粪中的矿化、残留物在土壤和蚓粪中分布以及蚯蚓对14C-SOM的吸收。结果显示,15 d的培育期内蚯蚓显著加快了14C-SOM的矿化,在土壤中的矿化量是不含蚯蚓的对照土壤中矿化量的1.5～1.7倍,然而当移出蚯蚓后,残留14C-SOM在两种土壤中40 d内的矿化都比对照土壤中低。大约有4.2%～4.8%的14C-SOM被蚯蚓吸收利用。在有蚯蚓存在的土壤中,14C-SOM残留物在胡敏素中的含量有所增高,而在溶解有机物(DOM)中的含量显著降低。14C-SOM在不含蚯蚓的蚓粪中55 d内的矿化量和矿化动力学以及残留分布与在对照土壤中均没有显著区别。这些结果表明,蚯蚓对微生物源14C-SOM转化的影响主要是蚯蚓的肠道作用,这种作用可表现在两个方面,即初期对14C-SOM矿化的促进作...     

3D geometric structures and biological activity: Application to microbial soil organic matter decomposition in pore space

During the past 10 years, soil scientists have started to use 3D Computed Tomography in order to gain a clearer understanding of the geometry of soil structure and its relationships with soil properties. We propose a geometric model for the 3D representation of pore space and a practical method for its computation. Our basic idea consists in representing pore space using a minimal set of maximal balls (Delaunay spheres) recovering the shape skeleton. In this representation, each ball could be considered as a maximal local cavity corresponding to the “intuitive” notion of a pore as described in the literature. The space segmentation induced by the network of balls (pores) was then used to spatialize biological dynamics. Organic matter and microbial decomposers were distributed within the balls (pores). A valuated graph representing the pore network, organic matter and distribution of micro-organisms was then defined. Microbial soil organic matter decomposition was simulated by updating this valuated graph. The method was implemented and tested using real CT images. The model produced realistic simulated results when compared with data in the literature in terms of the water retention curve and carbon mineralization. A decrease in water pressure decreased carbon mineralization, which is also in accordance with findings in the literature. From our results we showed that the influence of water pressure on decomposition is a function of organic matter distribution in the pore space. As far as we know, this is the approach to have linked pore space geometry and biological dynamics in a formal way. Our next goal will be to compare the model with experimental data of decomposition using different soil structures, and to define geometric typologies of pore space shape that can be attached to specific biological and dynamic properties.     

Nutrient regulation of organic matter decomposition in a tropical rain forest

Terrestrial biosphere-atmosphere CO2 exchange is dominated by tropical forests, so understanding how nutrient availability affects carbon (C) decomposition in these ecosystems is central to predicting the global C cycle's response to environmental change. In tropical rain forests, phosphorus (P) limitation of primary production and decomposition is believed to be widespread, but direct evidence is rare. We assessed the effects of nitrogen (N) and P fertilization on litter-layer organic matter decomposition in two neighboring tropical rain forests in southwest Costa Rica that are similar in most ways, but that differ in soil P availability. The sites contain 100-200 tree species per hectare and between species foliar nutrient content is variable. To control for this heterogeneity, we decomposed leaves collected from a widespread neotropical species, Brosimum utile. Mass loss during decomposition was rapid in both forests, with B. utile leaves losing >80% of their initial mass in <300 days. High organic matter solubility throughout decomposition combined with high rainfall support a model of litter-layer decomposition in these rain forests in which rapid mass loss in the litter layer is dominated by leaching of dissolved organic matter (DOM) rather than direct CO2 mineralization. While P fertilization did not significantly affect mass loss in the litter layer, it did stimulate P immobilization in decomposing material, leading to increased P content and a lower C:P ratio in soluble DOM. In turn, increased P content of leached DOM stimulated significant increases in microbial mineralization of DOM in P-fertilized soil. These results show that, while nutrients may not affect mass loss during decomposition in nutrient-poor, wet ecosystems, they may ultimately regulate CO2 losses (and hence C storage) by limiting microbial mineralization of DOM leached from the litter layer to soil.     

威廉腔环蚓（Metaphire guillelmi）对~（14）C-土壤有机质转化的研究

土壤有机碳是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,而大型土壤动物对土壤碳库的稳定性起着重要的决定作用。利用14C示踪技术,以14C-葡萄糖制备微生物源的土壤有机质（Soil organic matter,SOM）,以蚯蚓威廉腔环蚓（Metaphire guillelmi）为代表,研究了14C-SOM在含有蚯蚓的两种土壤、不含蚯蚓的对照土壤和不含蚯蚓的蚓粪中的矿化、残留物在土壤和蚓粪中分布以及蚯蚓对14C-SOM的吸收。结果显示,15 d的培育期内蚯蚓显著加快了14C-SOM的矿化,在土壤中的矿化量是不含蚯蚓的对照土壤中矿化量的1.5～1.7倍,然而当移出蚯蚓后,残留14C-SOM在两种土壤中40 d内的矿化都比对照土壤中低。大约有4.2%～4.8%的14C-SOM被蚯蚓吸收利用。在有蚯蚓存在的土壤中,14C-SOM残留物在胡敏素中的含量有所增高,而在溶解有机物（DOM）中的含量显著降低。14C-SOM在不含蚯蚓的蚓粪中55 d内的矿化量和矿化动力学以及残留分布与在对照土壤中均没有显著区别。这些结果表明,蚯蚓对微生物源14C-SOM转化的影响主要是蚯蚓的肠道作用,这种作用可表现在两个方面,即初期对14C-SOM矿化的促进作用以及后期对14C-SOM残留物的稳定化作用。后续工作中应进一步研究蚯蚓对其它来源SOM降解和转化的作用,阐明蚯蚓对SOM稳定性的控制机理,对揭示全球碳循环规律具有重要的意义。