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1.
Water shortage is a major problem facing the world today, although 70% of the earth is covered with water. With 95% of this water in seas and oceans, man has to find the most energy-efficient way of desalination for sustainable freshwater supply. Conventional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and thermal distillation involve large amounts of energy, especially for high salt rejection. In comparison, the discovery of two-dimensional materials such as graphene and its structural analogs boron nitride and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) has fostered been tremendous progress for energy-saving desalination using nanopores of these materials. This article reviews the recent developments in this technology with experimental and molecular simulation literature survey over the past few years. It explains the role of nanopores in desalination in terms of structure, energy, cost-effectiveness and process efficiency. 相似文献
2.
介绍了膜技术应用在电镀漂洗废水处理与回用中的运行效果及成本分析的实例。将连续膜过滤技术(CMF)用于反渗透的预处理,采用微滤膜在线连续反冲洗技术,成功解决了传统中空纤维膜易堵塞,不能连续工作的难题,保证了系统连续稳定运行。采用一级二段式RO(反渗透)系统,产水率65%,制备纯水180 m3/d,既提高了产水率也可满足生产用水要求。将抑菌剂、阻垢剂、在线监测和控制系统等关键技术,系统性、集成性引入连续微滤和反渗透装置,为其应用于废水脱盐深度处理提供支撑和保障。 相似文献
3.
Filiz Ugur Nigiz 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(2):553-559
Water scarcity arises rapidly with increasing human population, urbanization and industrialization. Therefore, water production from natural sources using efficient and environmental friendly technologies is gaining attention. Pervaporative desalination is a promising technology based upon membrane filtration. Here, we fabricated and tested a novel hybrid-composite membrane: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/(PVP)/3A zeolite. Desalination performance was evaluated in terms of flux, salt rejection, zeolite incorporation within the membrane and temperature. Results show that all membranes exhibited salt rejection higher than 99.5%. The highest flux of 2.5 kg m?2 h?1 and salt rejection of 99.9% were obtained using 10 wt% 3A incorporated PVDF/PVP membrane at 40 °C. The PVDF/PVP/3A zeolite membrane preserved its stability during 55-h desalination operating without performance decline. 相似文献
4.
Raghavendra S. Hebbar Arun M. Isloor Inamuddin Abdullah M. Asiri 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2017,15(4):643-671
The development of membrane-based desalination and water purification technologies offers new alternatives to meet the global freshwater demand. Rapid advancement in carbon nanotube-based and graphene-based nanomaterials has drawn the attention of scientific investigators on various desalination technologies. These nanomaterials indeed offer advantageous structure, size, shape, porosity and mass transport behavior for membrane separation process. This article reviews theoretical and experimental investigations of carbon nanotube- and graphene-based composite materials for desalination. Special attention is given to the simulation of molecular transport through these materials. Further, recent advances in the application of functionalization of carbon nanotube- and graphene-based materials for salt rejection and hydraulic permeation properties are discussed. 相似文献
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6.
Forward osmotic membrane bioreactor is an emerging technology that combines the advantages of forward osmosis and conventional membrane bioreactor. In this paper, bisphenol A removal by using a forward osmotic membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor that shared one biologic reactor was studied. The total removal rate of bisphenol A by the conventional membrane bioreactor and forward osmotic membrane bioreactor was as high as 93.9% and 98%, respectively. Biodegradation plays a dominant role in the total removal of bisphenol A in both processes. In comparison of membrane rejection, the forward osmosis membrane can remove approximately 70% bisphenol A from the feed, much higher than that of the microfiltration membrane (below 10%). Forward osmosis membrane bioreactor should be operated with its BPA loading rate under 0.08 mg·g-1·d-1 to guarantee the effluent bisphenol A concentration less than10 μg·L-1. 相似文献
7.
Jian Wang Qun Wang Xueli Gao Xinxia Tian Yangyang Wei Zhen Cao Chungang Guo Huifeng Zhang Zhun Ma Yushan Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):6
8.
Shanshan CHEN Haiping LUO Yanping HOU Guangli LIU Renduo ZHANG Bangyu QIN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(2):317
Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a promising technology to desalinate water and generate electrical power simultaneously. The objectives of this study were to investigate the desalination performance of monovalent and divalent cations in the MDC, and discuss the effect of ion characteristics, ion concentrations, and electrical characteristics. Mixed salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, and CaCl2 with the same concentration were used in the desalination chamber to study removal of cations. Results showed that in the mixed salt solutions, the electrodialysis desalination rates of cations were: Ca2+ >Mg2+>Na+>K+. Higher ionic charges and smaller hydrated ionic radii resulted in higher desalination rates of the cations, in which the ionic charge was more important than the hydrated ionic radius. Mixed solutions of NaCl and MgCl2 with different concentrations were used in the desalination chamber to study the effect of ion concentrations. Results showed that when ion concentrations of Na+ were one-fifth to five times of Mg2+, ion concentration influenced the dialysis more profoundly than electrodialysis. With the current densities below a certain value, charge transfer efficiencies became very low and the dialysis was the main process responsible for the desalination. And the phosphate transfer from the anode chamber and potassium transfer from the cathode chamber could balance 1%–3% of the charge transfer in the MDC. 相似文献
9.
Xinxia Tian Hui Yu Jun Yang Xiaotai Zhang Man Zhao Yang Yang Wei Sun Yangyang Wei Yin Zhang Jian Wang Zhun Ma 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):89
10.
多功能高铁絮凝剂电化学合成的机理和条件 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文研究了采用电解加复合稳定剂的方法制备FeO4^2-絮凝剂的电化学与溶液化学过程机制,分析了OH^-膜平衡过程对FeO4^2-形成的影响,探讨了FeO4^2-水溶液分解的诱发因素,初步确定了FeO4^2-电化学合成的最佳条件。研究结果表明,适宜的电量参数,合理的电解液组成和高效的OH^-膜渗透是顺利进行稳定化FeO4^2-电解合成的三个要素。 相似文献
11.
Hailan Wang Baoyu Gao Li an Hou Ho Kyong Shon Qinyan Yue Zhining Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):135
12.
Wim Rulkens 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2008,2(4):385-396
The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment. Currently, there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater. Because microbiological treatment methods are, only to a limited part, able to satisfy these needs, the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest. The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups: improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes, achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent, recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse, desalination of brackish water and seawater, and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process. Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role, also requires application of process control and modeling strategies. This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters. 相似文献
13.
Ying Cai Jun Wu Jian Lu Jianhua Wang Cui Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):96
14.
As the world's freshwater resources and available energy are alarmingly decreasing, the bioelectrochemical system (BES) is a cutting-edge technology for the resolution of the resource and energy issue. Researchers have paid much attention to t he application of t he BES configuration. Based on t he brief i ntroduction of m icrobial f uel cell a nd m icrobial electrolytic cell structure, principles, and domestic and foreign research, the BES and its influencing factors are introduced, specifically including: microbial activity, electrode materials, and configuration. Three important aspects (i.e., the electrode chamber, the reaction chamber, and micro-sensor) are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of single-electrode and multi-electrode chambers are compared, based on the microbial desalination cell. Microbial electrolysis desalination cell: Microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell have been discussed to introduce increasing reaction chamber configuration; this review focuses on the research of BES monitoring with regards to biochemical oxygen demand. The potential applications of the research progress are explored. The results show that the configuration of multi-chamber microbial fuel cell is complex and its efficiency is low, while the single chamber configuration is advantageous. The reaction chamber added is mainly aimed at desalination, and the study of the desalination pool still needs to be focused on optimizing the cation exchange membrane to maintain the anode pH balance and reduce the air cathode dissolved oxygen. Microbial electrode sensor can be applied in more areas, and its sensitivity and long-term stability need to be further improved. However, there is relatively less research on the abundance and activity of electricigen communities; the configurations and scopes of application of BES are still the research priority. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
15.
Min Li Shuai Liang Yang Wu Meiyue Yang Xia Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):107
16.
A. Adeniyi R. K. K. Mbaya M. S. Onyango A. P. I. Popoola J. P. Maree 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(4):449-454
Suspension freeze desalination is a promising technique for producing clean water from mine wastewaters. The principle is that growing ice crystals reject impurities during freezing. As a result, pure water is separated from mine wastewaters as clean ice. Actually, there is a need for improved techniques to increase water yield and purity. Here we tested ice formation in complex synthetic solutions during cooling and addition of seed. Solutions included: pure distilled water, 50, 33 g/L NaCl and 17, 50 g/L Na2SO4, 50 g/L NaCl and 50 g/L Na2SO4. Results show that heat of crystallization was the highest with pure distilled water at 8859 J, whereas the lowest heat of crystallization, of 4608 J, was for the solution of 50 g/L NaCl and 50 g/L Na2SO4, indicating that the presence of the salt enhances ice formation. As an application, we designed a new flow diagram, which, in addition to heat exchanger and ice filter, now includes a fluidized bed reactor for salt crystallization and recovery, and a separate heat exchanger for ice crystallization. 相似文献
17.
I. K. Nikiforakis A. I. Stamou G. C. Christodoulou 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2017,17(2):247-275
An integrated model is presented for the calculation of the characteristics in the intermediate field region of brine discharges from reverse osmosis desalination plants into unstratified stagnant coastal waters. The model consists of the near field model Modified CorJet Model and the far field model, which are interconnected via a coupling algorithm. This algorithm has been developed to simulate the flow and concentration characteristics of negatively buoyant jets (NBJ) after their impingement on the bottom. The coupling method was developed to be active according to literature, however further work and investigation is needed to be applicable for NBJ discharged into other ambient environments and especially in cases where the background values of ambient flow and concentrations affect the NF values and vice versa. The integrated model was validated with data from the literature as well as with data from experiments conducted in this study showing a good agreement. The coupling algorithm was also compared to other coupling techniques used in the literature for NBJ discharges showing better estimations of the experimental data. 相似文献
18.
Hossein D. Atoufi Hasti Hasheminejad David J. Lampert 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):99
19.
Xuan Zhu Chengsong Ye Yuxin Wang Lihua Chen Lin Feng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(3):45
20.
Manoj P. Rayaroth Usha K. Aravind Charuvila T. Aravindakumar 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(3):259-290
Water pollution by pharmaceutically active compounds is an emerging issue. Toxicological studies reveal that pharmaceuticals are indeed toxic for living organisms. The lack of suitable treatment technology for the complete removal of pharmaceuticals is therefore a major challenge. Advanced oxidation processes are emerging removal techniques that have many advantages versus conventional technologies. Many studies indicate that advanced oxidation processes, either in single or in combination with other degradation techniques, can enhance the degradation of pharmaceuticals in aqueous solutions. Here, we review the degradation of pharmaceuticals by sonolysis, an oxidation processes using ultrasound. In this technique, hydroxyl radicals are generated by pyrolytic cleavage of water molecules. We review the influence of operational parameters, additives and hybrid techniques on the degradation of pharmaceuticals. The maximum degradation of organic compounds was observed in the frequency range of 100–1000 kHz, which is in the high-frequency medium-power ultrasound. Even though almost all the experiments presented more than 90 % removal and good biodegradability of the target compound, good mineralization and the toxicity removal were hardly achieved. The efficiency of the degradation varies with water matrixes and varying pH. Major pathways of degradation are hydroxylation, dehalogenation, demethylation, decarboxylation, deamination, etc. More hybrid techniques have to be developed to scale up the application of ultrasound. 相似文献