基于SCI发文的中国生态学研究态势文献计量分析

采用文献计量学的方法,基于《科学引文索引》数据库近十年的检索结果,定量分析中国生态学领域发文的主题、时间、作者、机构、合作国家、被引频次、期刊分布等数据,系统分析中国生态学领域近十年的研究发展态势、研究热点、研究投入主体、国际合作和研究水平等趋势和特征。基于检索得到的3316篇SCI论文数据,研究认为：我国生态学领域的研究发展迅速。研究的热点主要是分子标记、气候变化、生物多样性、土地利用、分类学、物种、草原、荒漠化、模型、多态性等方面。研究主题的关联性随时间有增加的趋势。588个第一作者发文机构中,中国科学院发文量最高,大学近年的研究发展迅猛。生态学领域篇均作者人数是2.2人。国际合作的主要国家是美国。我国生态学研究的SCI发文篇均被引频次为6。第一作者机构为中国机构的论文被引用情况逊于外国机构。中国生态学领域研究最重要的发文期刊是ECOLOGICAL MODELLING和JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS。     

植物功能多样性及其与生态系统功能关系研究进展

生物多样性影响生态系统的多种功能。生物多样性的急剧丧失使得对其影响评定尤为重要和紧迫,因此,生物多样性与生态系统功能关系成为生态学研究的热点问题之一,其中功能多样性与生态系统功能关系的研究成为近十年该领域研究的重点。文章首先概括了植物功能多样性的多种定义,并详细介绍了目前被广泛接受的定义"功能多样性是某一群落内物种间功能特征的变化范围或指特定生态系统中所有物种功能特征的数值和范围"。其次重点阐述了围绕植物功能多样性开展的5个重要研究论题:(1)分别从功能丰富度、功能均匀度、功能离散度3个方面介绍了功能多样性算法,并强调要注重多指数相结合以综合描述功能多样性;(2)植物功能性状间主要体现为权衡关系,植物功能性状受到了气候、土壤、海拔、地形地貌、放牧、土地利用方式等一系列因素的影响;(3)基于植物功能性状更有利于探讨环境过滤和相似性限制对群落构建的驱动作用;(4)功能多样性与物种多样性间呈现正相关、负相关和饱和曲线等一系列关系,之所以呈现不同关系与资源状况和外界干扰密切相关;(5)尽管很多研究都证明了功能多样性对生态系统功能具有正效应,但依然存在两个主要的争议,一方面是物种多样性、功能多样性在生态系统功能维持中的相对重要性,另一方面是选择效应与互补效应在功能多样性与生态系统功能关系中的适用性。最后,提出了该领域需要进一步深入开展的4个研究方向:开展多尺度研究、重视多营养级研究,加强野外观测与受控实验相结合的研究、深化生态系统多功能性的研究。     

国际生态学研究发展态势文献计量分析

目前,全球的生态环境问题已经引起了各国政府和人民的高度关注,而生态学研究可以为人类与自然生态系统的共存提供理论依据和行动指南。利用Thomson Data Analyzer、NetDraw和Aureka等分析工具,结合Pathfinder算法,对SCIE和SSCI数据库中国际生态学研究相关文献进行统计分析,发现：北美、欧洲、澳大利亚等国及其研究机构在生态学领域的论文影响力较大,论文质量较高;美国是全球生态学研究合作网络的中心,其次是英国和德国;在机构层面上,加州大学戴维斯分校和马普学会是两个比较明显的合作中心;我国在生态学研究领域发文量上具有一定的优势,但论文总体质量仍有待继续提高,目前我国在生态学领域的主要合作国家有美国、英国、加拿大、德国、日本、澳大利亚和法国;2008—2010年国际生态学研究热点主要集中在生物多样性、气候变化、基因变异、物种间相互作用和性选择等研究领域。     

红树林生态系统微生物学研究进展

红树林生态系统是复杂而独特的生态系统,是目前环境科学和生态学研究的热点领域,而对红树林生态系统微生物学的研究也越来越受到重视,目前研究的热点主要集中在红树林生态系统微生物的物种多样性、生理活性物质多样性以及环境修复功能上.未来的研究,除了现有的研究基础要加强,研究手段与方法要采用新技术外,还应该在探索红树林生态系统微生物与物质和能量平衡、微生物与其它生物及其与气候的关系等方面进一步深入研究.     

《生态环境学报》征稿简则

正1《生态环境学报》是经国家新闻出版总署批准的正式学术期刊,向国内外公开发行;是全国中文核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊(中国科技核心期刊)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库期刊、中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊、中国精品科技期刊、日本科学技术振兴机构数据库期刊。入选《中文核心期刊要目总览》(2004—2014年各版);荣获广东省优秀期刊称号、广东省优秀科技期刊一等奖。主要刊登国内外生态学和环境科学具有创新性的重要研究论文,少量刊登对这两个学科重大前沿问题具有独     

《生态环境学报》征稿简则

正1《生态环境学报》是经国家新闻出版总署批准的正式学术期刊,向国内外公开发行;是全国中文核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊(中国科技核心期刊)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库期刊、中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊、中国精品科技期刊、日本科学技术振兴机构数据库期刊。人选《中文核心期刊要目总览》(2004-2014年各版);荣获广东省优秀期刊称号、广东省优秀科技期刊一等奖。主要刊登国内外生态学和环境科学具有创新性的重要研究论文,少量刊登对这两个学科重大前沿问题具有独     

《生态环境学报》征稿简则

正1 《生态环境学报》是经国家新闻出版总署批准的正式学术期刊,向国内外公开发行;是全国中文核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊(中国科技核心期刊)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库期刊、中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊、中国精品科技期刊、日本科学技术振兴机构数据库期刊。入选《中文核心期刊要目总览》(2004-2017年各版);荣获广东省优秀期刊称号、广东省优秀科技期刊一等奖。主要刊登国内外生态学和环境科学具有创新性的重要研究论文,少量刊登对这两个学科重大前沿问题具有独     

《生态环境学报》征稿简则

正1 《生态环境学报》是经国家新闻出版总署批准的正式学术期刊,向国内外公开发行;是刊全国中文核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊(中国科技核心期刊)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库期刊、中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊、中国精品科技期刊、日本科学技术振兴机构数据库期刊。入选《中文核心期刊要目总览》(2004—2017年各版);荣获广东省优秀期刊称号、广东省优秀科技期刊一等奖。主要刊登国内外生态学和环境科学具有创新性的重要研究论文,少量刊登对这两个学科重大前沿问题具有独     

《生态环境学报》征稿简则

正1《生态环境学报》是经国家新闻出版总署批准的正式学术期刊,向国内外公开发行;是全国中文核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊(中国科技核心期刊)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库期刊、中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊、中国精品科技期刊、日本科学技术振兴机构数据库期刊。入选《中文核心期刊要目总览》(2004-2014年各版);荣获广东省优秀期刊称号、广东省优秀科技期刊一等奖。主要刊登国内外生态学和环境科学具有创新性的重要研究论文,少量刊登对这两个学科重大前沿问题具有独     

《生态环境学报》征稿简则

正1《生态环境学报》是经国家新闻出版总署批准的正式学术期刊,向国内外公开发行;是全国中文核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊(中国科技核心期刊)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库期刊、中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊、中国精品科技期刊、日本科学技术振兴机构数据库期刊。入选《中文核心期刊要目总览》(2004-2014年各版);荣获广东省优秀期刊称号、广东省优秀科技期刊一等奖。主要刊登国内外生态学和环境科学具有创新性的重要研究论文,少量刊登对这两个学科重大前沿问题具有独     

基于CNKI数据库的植物与昆虫关系研究文献计量分析

分析植物与昆虫的复杂关系是中国生物学研究的重要内容,虽然目前国内学者倾向于将相关论文发表在国外期刊上,但自始至终国内期刊仍是本领域科研成果的主阵地.随着开展植物与昆虫关系的研究日益增多,尚缺乏系统梳理本领域国内期刊论文的相关研究.为此,利用CiteSpace软件对1953—2020年CNKI数据库收录学术论文的年度发文...     

Patterns of Citations of Open Access and Non‐Open Access Conservation Biology Journal Papers and Book Chapters

Abstract: Open access (OA) publishing, whereby authors, their institutions, or their granting bodies pay or provide a repository through which peer‐reviewed work is available online for free, is championed as a model to increase the number of citations per paper and disseminate results widely, especially to researchers in developing countries. We compared the number of citations of OA and non‐OA papers in six journals and four books published since 2000 to test whether OA increases number of citations overall and increases citations made by authors in developing countries. After controlling for type of paper (e.g., review or research paper), length of paper, authors’ citation profiles, number of authors per paper, and whether the author or the publisher released the paper in OA, OA had no statistically significant influence on the overall number of citations per journal paper. Journal papers were cited more frequently if the authors had published highly cited papers previously, were members of large teams of authors, or published relatively long papers, but papers were not cited more frequently if they were published in an OA source. Nevertheless, author‐archived OA book chapters accrued up to eight times more citations than chapters in the same book that were not available through OA, perhaps because there is no online abstracting service for book chapters. There was also little evidence that journal papers or book chapters published in OA received more citations from authors in developing countries relative to those journal papers or book chapters not published in OA. For scholarly publications in conservation biology, only book chapters had an OA citation advantage, and OA did not increase the number of citations papers or chapters received from authors in developing countries.     

Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of biodiversity--ecosystem-function relationships

How closely does variability in ecologically important traits reflect evolutionary divergence? The use of phylogenetic diversity (PD) to predict biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning, and more generally the use of phylogenetic information in community ecology, depends in part on the answer to this question. However, comparisons of the predictive power of phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity (FD) have not been conducted across a range of experiments. To address how phylogenetic diversity and functional trait variation control biodiversity effects on biomass production, we summarized the results of 29 grassland plant experiments where both the phylogeny of plant species used in the experiments is well described and where extensive trait data are available. Functional trait variation was only partially related to phylogenetic distances between species, and the resulting FD values therefore correlate only partially with PD. Despite these differences, FD and PD predicted biodiversity effects across all experiments with similar strength, including in subsets that excluded plots with legumes and that focused on fertilization experiments. Two- and three-trait combinations of the five traits used here (leaf nitrogen percentage, height, specific root length, leaf mass per unit area, and nitrogen fixation) resulted in the FD values with the greatest predictive power. Both PD and FD can be valuable predictors of the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, which suggests that a focus on both community trait diversity and evolutionary history can improve understanding of the consequences of biodiversity loss.     

Multivariate identification of plant functional response and effect traits in an agricultural landscape

Plant functional traits have been proposed as a linkage between the environmental control of vegetation and ecosystem function. Identification of traits that mediate the response of plant species to the environment is well established, but the identification of effect traits and the linkage between the two sets is less developed. This was attempted for a study of eight contrasting land uses in a marginal agricultural landscape where data on vegetation, management controls of the disturbance regime, and soil characteristics, including nitrogen release, were measured simultaneously with measures of ecosystem function such as litter decomposition rates and primary productivity on 30 sites. Trait data were assembled from databases, and an iterative multivariate approach using the three table (species, trait, environment) method RLQ was employed to identify a parsimonious set of traits that predict plant species responses to the environment and a parsimonious set of traits that link vegetation to ecosystem function. The lists of response and effect traits were similar, and where differences were observed, traits were usually highly correlated with at least one trait in the other list. This approach identified a small number of traits (canopy height, leaf dry matter content, leaf size, and specific leaf area) that provide a means of linking vegetation responses to environmental change with changes in ecosystem function. Other response traits included vegetative spread strategy, start of flowering, and seed terminal velocity, but within the system studied these traits were all significantly correlated to the traits shared between the response and effect lists.     

Achieving Open Access to Conservation Science

Conservation science is a crisis discipline in which the results of scientific enquiry must be made available quickly to those implementing management. We assessed the extent to which scientific research published since the year 2000 in 20 conservation science journals is publicly available. Of the 19,207 papers published, 1,667 (8.68%) are freely downloadable from an official repository. Moreover, only 938 papers (4.88%) meet the standard definition of open access in which material can be freely reused providing attribution to the authors is given. This compares poorly with a comparable set of 20 evolutionary biology journals, where 31.93% of papers are freely downloadable and 7.49% are open access. Seventeen of the 20 conservation journals offer an open access option, but fewer than 5% of the papers are available through open access. The cost of accessing the full body of conservation science runs into tens of thousands of dollars per year for institutional subscribers, and many conservation practitioners cannot access pay‐per‐view science through their workplace. However, important initiatives such as Research4Life are making science available to organizations in developing countries. We urge authors of conservation science to pay for open access on a per‐article basis or to choose publication in open access journals, taking care to ensure the license allows reuse for any purpose providing attribution is given. Currently, it would cost $51 million to make all conservation science published since 2000 freely available by paying the open access fees currently levied to authors. Publishers of conservation journals might consider more cost effective models for open access and conservation‐oriented organizations running journals could consider a broader range of options for open access to nonmembers such as sponsorship of open access via membership fees. Obtención de Acceso Abierto a la Ciencia de la Conservación     

Untested assumptions about within-species sample size and missing data in interspecific studies

Phylogenetic comparative studies rely on species-specific data that often contain missing values and/or differ in sample size among species. These phenomena may violate statistical assumptions about the non-random variance component in sampling effort. A major reason why this assumption is often not fulfilled is because the probability of being sampled (i.e., being captured or observed) may depend on species-specific characteristics. Here, we test this assumption by using information on within-species sample sizes and missing data from five independent comparative datasets of European birds. First, we show that the two estimates of data availability (missing values and within-species sample size) are positively correlated and are associated with research effort in general (the number of papers published). Second, we demonstrate biologically meaningful relationships between data availability and phenotypic traits. For example, population size, risk-taking, and habitat specialization independently predicted within-species sample size. The key determinants of missing data were population size and distribution range. However, data availability was not structured by phylogenetic relationships. These results indicate that the accuracy of sampling is repeatable and distributed non-randomly among species, as several species-specific attributes determined the probability of observation. Therefore, data availability seems to be a species-specific trait that can be shaped by ecology, life history, and behavior. Such relationships raise issues about non-random sampling, which requires attention in comparative studies.     

Citation Rate and Perceived Subject Bias in the Amphibian‐Decline Literature

Abstract: As a result of global declines in amphibian populations, interest in the conservation of amphibians has grown. This growth has been fueled partially by the recent discovery of other potential causes of declines, including chytridiomycosis (the amphibian chytrid, an infectious disease) and climate change. It has been proposed that researchers have shifted their focus to these novel stressors and that other threats to amphibians, such as habitat loss, are not being studied in proportion to their potential effects. We tested the validity of this proposal by reviewing the literature on amphibian declines, categorizing the primary topic of articles within this literature (e.g., habitat loss or UV‐B radiation) and comparing citation rates among articles on these topics and impact factors of journals in which the articles were published. From 1990 to 2009, the proportion of papers on habitat loss remained fairly constant, and although the number of papers on chytridiomycosis increased after the disease was described in 1998, the number of published papers on amphibian declines also increased. Nevertheless, papers on chytridiomycosis were more highly cited than papers not on chytridiomycosis and were published in journals with higher impact factors on average, which may indicate this research topic is more popular in the literature. Our results were not consistent with a shift in the research agenda on amphibians. We believe the perception of such a shift has been supported by the higher citation rates of papers on chytridiomycosis.     

Trait similarity patterns within grass and grasshopper communities: multitrophic community assembly at work

Trait-based community assembly theory suggests that trait variation among co-occurring species is shaped by two main processes: abiotic filtering, important in stressful environments and promoting similarity, and competition, more important in productive environments and promoting dissimilarity. Previous studies have indeed found trait similarity to decline along productivity gradients. However, these studies have always been done on single trophic levels. Here, we investigated how interactions between trophic levels affect trait similarity patterns along environmental gradients. We propose three hypotheses for the main drivers of trait similarity patterns of plants and herbivores along environmental gradients: (1) environmental control of both, (2) bottom-up control of herbivore trait variation, and (3) top-down control of grass trait variation. To test this, we collected data on the community composition and trait variation of grasses (41 species) and grasshoppers (53 species) in 50 plots in a South African savanna. Structural equation models were used to investigate how the range and spacing of within-community functional trait values of both grasses and their insect herbivores (grasshoppers; Acrididae) respond to (1) rainfall and fire frequency gradients and (2) the trait similarity patterns of the other trophic level. The analyses revealed that traits of co-occurring grasses became more similar toward lower rainfall and higher fire frequency (environmental control), while showing little evidence for top-down control. Grasshopper trait range patterns, on the other hand, were mostly directly driven by vegetation structure and grass trait range patterns (bottom-up control), while environmental factors had mostly indirect effects via plant traits. Our study shows the potential to expand trait-based community assembly theory to include trophic interactions.     

Trait space of rare plants in a fire‐dependent ecosystem

The causes of species rarity are of critical concern because of the high extinction risk associated with rarity. Studies examining individual rare species have limited generality, whereas trait‐based approaches offer a means to identify functional causes of rarity that can be applied to communities with disparate species pools. Differences in functional traits between rare and common species may be indicative of the functional causes of species rarity and may therefore be useful in crafting species conservation strategies. However, there is a conspicuous lack of studies comparing the functional traits of rare species and co‐occurring common species. We measured 18 important functional traits for 19 rare and 134 common understory plant species from North Carolina's Sandhills region and compared their trait distributions to determine whether there are significant functional differences that may explain species rarity. Flowering, fire, and tissue‐chemistry traits differed significantly between rare and common, co‐occurring species. Differences in specific traits suggest that fire suppression has driven rarity in this system and that changes to the timing and severity of prescribed fire may improve conservation success. Our method provides a useful tool to prioritize conservation efforts in other systems based on the likelihood that rare species are functionally capable of persisting.