共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Daolin Sun Jianwei Yu Min Yang Wei An Yunyun Zhao Ning Lu Shengguang Yuan Dongqing Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):411-416
A comprehensive investigation into the occur-rence of odor problem at 111 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in major cities across China was undertaken using both flavor profile analysis (FPA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eighty percent of source water samples exhibited odor problems, characterized by earthy/musty (41%) and swampy/septic (36%) odors, while the occurrence rate was lower (45%) in the finished water. Source water from rivers exhibited more pollution-origin odors, such as the swampy/septic odor, while that from lakes and reservoirs exhibited more algae- origin odors, such as earthy/musty odors. The occurrence rate of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in the surface source water samples was 75%, with 7% of samples containing 2- MIB concentrations of over 10 ng.L-1. The earthy/musty odor in the lake/reservoir water samples was mainly caused by 2-MIB (linear regression coefficient, R2= 0.69), while the correlation between 2-MIB concentration and the earthy/musty odor intensity samples was weak (R2= 0.35) in the river-source water These results will be useful for the management of odor-quality problems in drinking water of China. 相似文献
2.
Yimei Wei Yuan Zhang Jian Xu Changsheng Guo Lei Li Wenhong Fan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):357-371
Precise and sensitive methods for the simultaneous determination of different classes of antibiotics, including sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim in surface water, sediments, and fish muscles were developed. In water samples, drugs were extracted with solid-phase extraction (SPE) by passing 1000 mL of water through hydrophilic lipophilic balanced (HLB) SPE cartridges. Sediment samples were solvent-extracted, followed by tandem SPE (strong anion exchange (SAX) + HLB) clean-ups. Fish muscles were extracted by a mixture of acetonitrile and citric buffer (80:20, v/v) solution, and cleaned by SPE. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection was employed to quantify all compounds. The recoveries for the antibiotics in the spiked water, sediment, and fish samples were 60.2%-95.8%, 48.1%-105.3%, and 59.8%- 103.4%, respectively. The methods were applied to samples taken from Dianchi Lake, China. It showed that concentrations of the detected antibiotics ranged from limits of quantification (LOQ) to 713.6 ng- L1 (ofloxacin) in surface water and from less than LOQ to 344.8 μg·kg-1 (sulphamethoxazole) in sediments. The number of detected antibiotics and the overall antibiotic concentrations were higher in the urban area than the rural area, indicating the probable role of livestock and human activities as important sources of antibiotic contamination. In fish muscles, the concentration of norfioxacin was the highest (up to 38.5 μg·kg-1), but tetracyclines and macrolides were relatively low. Results showed that the methods were rapid and sensitive, and capable of determining several classes of antibiotics from each of the water, sediment, and fish matrices in a single run. 相似文献
3.
Feng Wang Weiying Li Yue Li Junpeng Zhang Jiping Chen Wei Zhang Xuan Wu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):6
4.
Jingyun Fang Huiling Liu Chii Shang Minzhen Zeng Mengling Ni Wei Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(4):547-552
The combination of low-dose ozone with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation should be an option to give benefit to disinfection and reduce drawbacks of UV and ozone disinfection. However, less is known about the disinfection performance of UV and ozone (UV/ozone) coexposure and sequential UV-followed-by-ozone (UV- ozone) and ozone-followed-by-UV (ozone-UV) expo- sures. In this study, inactivation of E. coli and bacterioph- age MS2 by UV, ozone, UV/ozone coexposure, and sequential UV-ozone and ozone-UV exposures was investigated and compared. Synergistic effects of 0.5-0.9 log kill on E. coli inactivation, including increases in the rate and efficiency, were observed after the UV/ozone coexposure at ozone concentrations as low as 0.05 mg-L-1 in ultrapure water. The coexposure with 0.02-mg.L-1 ozone did not enhance the inactivation but repressed E. coli photoreactivation. Little enhancement on E. coli inactivation was found after the sequential UV-ozone or ozone-UV exposures. The synergistic effect on MS2 inactivation was less significant after the UV/ozone coexposure, and more significant after the sequential ozone-UV and UV-ozone exposures, which was 0.2 log kill for the former and 0.8 log kill for the latter two processes, at ozone dose of 0.1 mg. t-1 and UV dose of 8.55 mJ. cm 2 in ultrapure water. The synergistic effects on disinfection were also observed in tap water. These results show that the combination of UV and low-dose ozone is a promising technology for securing microbiological quality of water. 相似文献
5.
Haiyan Yang Shangping Xu Derek E. Chitwood Yin Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(5):79
6.
Drinking water quality should remain constant from the drinking water treatment plant to the consumer's tap. However, water quality characteristics might be affected by interactions with pipe materials. This review describes the iron, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, chromium, and cadmium in drinking water leached from the pipe material present in drinking water, as well as the factors and mechanisms that affect leaching processes. Data analysis suggests that monitoring the water quality in distribution systems is important for their proper management; however, the low measured concentrations highlight the need for sensitive sensors. In addition, further research is necessary to anticipate possible future effects before the installation of new materials/infrastructure or changes in water source/treatment. 相似文献
7.
Rizk ZS 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(1):27-45
The concentration of selected inorganic chemicals was determined for 396 samples of bottled water, desalinated water, and
groundwater used for drinking and domestic purposes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objective of this study was to
compare the concentrations of inorganic chemicals in different domestic water types used in the UAE with the World Health
Organization (WHO) limits for drinking water. Results of the present study revealed a wide variation in the concentrations
of major, minor, and trace inorganic chemicals in domestic water of the UAE. For example, the bottled water sold for drinking
is depleted in major ions and the total dissolved solids (TDS) in some brands do not exceed 100 mg/l. On the other hand, some
of the domestic water used may contain as much as 3,000 mg/l TDS, which is above the WHO recommended limit for drinking water
(500–1,500 mg/l TDS). Similarly, while bottled water is almost free of trace ions and minor constituents, some natural groundwater
may have concentrations higher than the WHO recommended limits for drinking water. The cause of this variation is related
to the different water sources and the large number of companies producing and distributing drinking and domestic water. Moreover,
it is clear that the current controls on domestic water quality in some areas, namely conformance of pH and electrical conductivity
measurements with prescribed ranges of values, are currently inadequate. These two parameters are not enough to judge if water
is suitable for drinking or not and some consumers may receive domestic water of uncertain quality. 相似文献
8.
Qiaowen Tan Weiying Li Junpeng Zhang Wei Zhou Jiping Chen Yue Li Jie Ma 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(3):36
9.
Chengli Tang Wei Yan Chunli Zheng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):337-344
This work investigated the degradation of humic acid (HA) in aqueous solution by electrochemical oxidation with Antimony- and Nickel-doped Tin oxide electrode (Ni-Sb-SnO2/Ti electrode) as the anode. Initial concentrations of HA ranged from 3 to 9 mg-L 1. Under such a concentration scope, the degradation of HA was a mass transfer controlled process. Degradation rate increased with the increase of HA initial concentration. Test on the effect of tert-butanol revealed that · OH played an important role in the oxidation of HA. The absence of cation Ca2+ was beneficial to HA degradation, which suggested that both indirect and direct electrolyze happened during the whole electrochemical oxidation process. Alkaly (pH = 12) and neutral (pH = 7) conditions were benefical to HA degradation. 相似文献
10.
Kun Wan Wenfang Lin Shuai Zhu Shenghua Zhang Xin Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):10
11.
12.
An extremely potent mutagen, 3‐chloro‐4(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5/f)‐furanone (MX) is commonly present in chlorinated drinking water. Due to its high mutagenic activity and according to WHO guidelines its concentration should be controlled in drinking waters. Determination of MX is difficult due to ppt levels at which the compound usually exists in drinking waters. Derivatization with 2‐propanol is presented as a method which significantly lowers GC/MS detection level of MX. Suitability of 2‐propylation for derivatization of other hydroxyfuranones is also shown. 相似文献
13.
Nitrogen pollution and source identification of urban ecosystem surface water in Beijing 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yufen Ren Zhiwei Xu Xinyu Zhang Xiaoke Wang Xiaomin Sun D. J. Ballantine Shengzhong Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(1):106-116
Nitrogen contamination of surface water is a worldwide environmental problem with intensive agricul- ture and high population densities. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variation in concentrations of total nitrogen and different nitrogen species present in surface-water in Beijing, China. Also, chemical (NO3-N/C1-) and isotopic (615Nnitrate) indicators were used to identify nitrate sources. The results showed that, during 2009 and 2010, nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 mg· L^-1, ammonium nitrogen from 0. I to 3.4 mg· L^-1, and total nitrogen from 2.4 to 17.0mg· L^-1. Inorganic nitrogen accounted for between 60 and 100% of total nitrogen at the ten monitoring sites. Nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations at the 2 downstream monitoring sites in south-eastern Beijing were significantly higher than those at the other eight upstream monitoring sites (P 〈 0.01). Examination of seasonal variation showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between nitrate nitrogen concentrations and precipitation, and that nitrate nitrogen concentrations peaked in the dry seasons. The information given by the 15Nnitrate values and nitrate nitrogen concentrations, combined with the NO3-N/C1- ratio distribution, showed that domestic sewage was the major source of nitrate in Beijing. Methods to control and reduce sewage pollution are urgently needed to help manage surface water quality in Beijing. 相似文献
14.
Abdul Ghaffar Memon Xiaohong Zhou Yunpeng Xing Ruoyu Wang Lanhua Liu Mohsin Khan Miao He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):12
15.
Phytoremediation technology is regarded as a simple and efficient way to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil. A reasonable disposal of metal hyperaccumulators is always and resource-saving. The a major issue in waste reuse heavy metal-accumulating Cynondon dactylon (L.) was investigated where heavy metals were desorbed by a facile acid-treatment. The result indicated that more than 90% of heavy metals (Zn, Pb and Cu) was extracted from Cynondon daetylon with 0.2 mmol· L^-1 HCl. The plant residue was used to adsorb heavy metals ions. The adsorption fitted the Langmuir isotherm model with the saturation adsorption capacity of 9.5 mg·g^-1 Zn^2+, 36.2 mg·g^-1 Pb2+ and 12.9 mg·g^-1 Cu^2+, and the surface eomplexation and the backfilling of heavy metal imprinting cavities existed simultaneously during the adsorption. The treatment of wastewaters indicated that the plant residue exhibited a high removal rate of 97% for Cu. Also, the material could be recycled. The method offers a new disposal approach for heavy metal hyperaccumulator. 相似文献
16.
Xiaoyan MA Shifei HU Hongyu WANG Jun LI Jing HUANG Yun ZHANG Weigang LU Qingsong LI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(2):171-176
Metabolites of algae such as geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol etc. are reported to induce pungent odors into drinking water and attract additional scientific attention. Recently, in China, taste and odor outbreaks in drinking water supply have become increasingly common. In source water affected by eutrophication, dimethyl trisulfide, speculated to be produced by decayed algae, was found to be the source of taste and odor issues and can be removed effectively by usual oxidation agents. In this experimental study, batch scale tests were carried out focusing on the removal of dimethyl trisulfide. Reaction kinetics of dimethyl trisulfide oxidized by potassium permanganate in water had been studied; influence factors such as pH, organic substrate, other existed taste, and odor contaminant in equivalent concentration were also discussed. Results showed that dimethyl trisulfide can be removed by potassium permanganate efficiently; the ratio can reach more than 70% with oxidant dosage of 4 mg·L-1 and contact time prolonged to 120 min. The dimethyl trisulfide decomposition followed a second-order kinetics pattern with a rate constant k = 0.00213 L·(min·mg)-1. Typically, the degradation rate of dimethyl trisulfide was increased with the increasing KMnO4 dosage, but dramatically dropped with the increasing levels of humic acid (1.8–4.5 mg·L-1) and other odor-causing compounds (e.g. β -cyclocitral, 0–1886.0 μg·L-1). Solution pH (5.2–9.0) and initial dimethyl trisulfide concentration did not significantly affected the degradation. This study demonstrates that KMnO4 oxidation is an effective option to remove dimethyl trisulfide from water. 相似文献
17.
Masashi Kato Shoko Onuma Yoko Kato Nguyen D. Thang Ichiro Yajima Mohammad Zahirul Hoque 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(9):1609-1612
Toxic elements present in well water that is used for drinking pose a threat to the human health in many countries. However, there are few reports on the toxic elements in well water in Malaysia. Since a native doctor informed us about the increasing number of patients with depigmented skin (vitiligo) in Rosob Village, Sabah State, Malaysia, the origin of diseases associated with well water was suspected. Thus, the concentrations of 15 toxic elements in 52 well water samples from Rosob (n = 21), and the control areas of Pitas (n = 8) and Telaga (n = 23) within the same state were measured. No toxic elements with levels exceeding that of the WHO health-based guidelines were detected in the well water samples from Pitas and Telaga. On the other hand, the concentration levels of arsenic (As), uranium (U), and manganese (Mn), independently found in 19% (4/21), 4.8% (1/21), and 19% (4/21), respectively, of the well water samples from Rosob, exceeded the levels given in the WHO health-based guidelines. In the well water samples from Rosob, the average concentration of Mn was found to be higher and its maximum value with levels up to 10-fold higher, respectively, than the value in the WHO health-based guidelines. Significant correlations between Mn and As and between Mn and U were noted. Thus, for the first time, the results of this pilot study showed that the levels of the toxic elements in 42.9% (9/21) of well water samples from Rosob in Malaysia were higher than the values in WHO health-based guidelines indicating the need for further studies. 相似文献
18.
广州市饮用水中挥发性有机物的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
饮用水中的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)来源于水源水受到的环境污染或是在净化消毒工艺处理工程中反应产生的副产物,可对人体健康造成极大的危害。改革开放以来,广州人口和经济得到突飞猛进的发展,也带来了包括饮用水安全在内的诸多严重的社会和环境问题。虽然饮用水中VOCs的研究已经得到越来越多的重视,但是目前对广州市饮用水中挥发性有机物的研究还鲜有报道。本文在广州市中心城区选取15个不同位置的采样点进行了自来水水样采集,并利用吹扫-捕集-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用系统分析技术测定水中 VOCs 的种类和三卤甲烷的质量浓度。结果表明,广州市中心城区的自来水中VOCs有20种,以三卤甲烷(THMs)和芳香烃类为主,占了所检出的物质总量的78%以上。THMs中四种化合物(氯仿、一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷、溴仿)的检出率达100%,总三卤甲烷的平均质量浓度为46.46μg· L-1,最大值为53.31μg· L-1,最小值39.91μg· L-1。根据2006版国家饮用水标准,四种三卤甲烷质量浓度均低于标准限值,符合标准要求。对市面上一般的瓶装水的研究发现,瓶装水中三卤甲烷的质量浓度非常低,总三卤甲烷平均质量浓度仅为1.47μg·L-1,约是自来水中质量浓度的1/30。为了解温度及煮沸对自来水中 THMs 质量浓度的影响,本研究设计了实验进行探究。结果发现加热至沸腾过程中,THMs质量浓度随温度升高而升高,而沸腾后THMs骤降,煮沸5 min可降低水中约95%的THMs,接近瓶装水中THMs质量浓度。 相似文献
19.
Ting Zhang Heze Liu Yiyuan Zhang Wenjun Sun Xiuwei Ao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(3):39
20.
Dental fluorosis associated with drinking water from hot springs in Choma district in southern province,Zambia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shitumbanuma V Tembo F Tembo JM Chilala S Van Ranst E 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(1):51-58
This study was conducted to investigate the high incidence of mottled teeth among residents of an area with hot springs in
the Choma District of the Southern Province of Zambia. A survey involving 128 pupils was conducted at a Basic School to collect
data on pupil’s backgrounds and their main sources of drinking water between birth and age 7. A dental specialist examined
the pupils’ teeth and samples of drinking water were collected from locations where the majority of the pupils lived. It was
analysed for fluorides and other drinking water quality parameters. Results of the survey showed a highly significant (P < 0.001) association between pupils’ main sources of drinking water between birth and age 7 and the incidence of discoloured
teeth. All (100%) pupils who drank water from hot springs before age 7 had moderate to severe fluorosis, while the majority
(96.7%) of the pupils who drank water from other sources had no dental fluorosis. Fluoride concentrations ranged from 5.95
to 10.09 mg/l in water from hot springs, and from 0.03 to 0.6 mg/l in water from other sources. Fluoride levels in water from
hot spring water samples exceeded the 1.5 mg/l WHO guideline value for drinking water, while those in water from other sources
were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than this. We conclude that the high prevalence of mottled teeth among residents of the study area is a case
of endemic dental fluorosis associated with drinking water from hot springs containing high concentrations of fluoride. 相似文献