砷浓度、形态及碳酸氢盐对蜈蚣草吸收砷的影响

为了探讨超富集植物蜈蚣草在处理高砷地下水方面的可行性,研究了水培条件下砷的浓度、形态和碳酸氢盐(HCO-3)对超富集植物蜈蚣草吸收砷的影响。实验中使用了浓度为0.1～100mg·L-1的As(III)和As(V)溶液。HCO-3处理中,HCO-3浓度范围为0.5～20mmol·L-1,As(III)或As(V)的浓度为5mg·L-1。结果表明,在水培条件下,蜈蚣草具有明显的耐高砷特征。当介质砷含量高达100mg·L-1时,砷的去除率可达到80%,且对As(III)的吸收效率高于As(V)。植物体内砷形态研究表明,蜈蚣草体内2种形态砷的含量与外源砷形态有一定的关系,As(V)处理条件下,植物体中的As(V)比例较As(III)处理高。高浓度的HCO-3(20mmol·L-1)处理对蜈蚣草地上部分生物量没有明显影响,但是抑制了地下部分的生长,并且对砷的吸收表现出明显的抑制作用。     

砷胁迫下水磷耦合对不同磷效率水稻根表铁膜及其各部位砷含量的影响

为探索缓解水稻砷毒害的农艺措施,以耐低磷水稻99011和低磷敏感水稻99012为材料,通过土培试验,研究水分、磷用量及其交互作用对不同砷浓度酸性土壤中水稻根表铁膜以及植物体内砷分配的影响。结果表明,节水灌溉(干湿交替)明显减少水稻根表铁膜量,降低铁膜、根系、秸秆、颖壳和精米中的砷含量。与30mg·kg-1P2O5相比,180mg·kg-1P2O5能明显减少两个品种水稻的根表铁膜量以及根系和秸秆中的砷含量;对耐低磷品种铁膜砷含量影响不大,但显著降低磷敏感品种铁膜砷含量;在50mg·kg-1砷处理中增加磷用量对水稻颖壳砷含量影响不大,在100mg·kg-1砷处理时能显著降低颖壳砷含量;增加磷用量可明显增加耐低磷品种的精米砷含量,降低磷敏感品种的精米砷含量。水、磷交互效应主要受水分效应的影响。加砷处理后,相同处理下耐低磷品种的根表铁膜量和铁膜中的砷含量显著高于磷敏感品种,而根系、秸秆、颖壳和精米中的砷含量则相反。研究表明,可以通过节水灌溉,并根据砷污染程度和植物磷营养特性确定适当的磷肥用量,从而减少砷在水稻体内的累积,提高食品安全。     

砷-铅交互作用对水稻根表铁膜富集及根系吸收砷铅的影响

采用土-砂联合培养方法诱导水稻根表自然形成铁氧化物膜,研究了As-Pb交互作用对水稻根表铁膜吸附砷铅及根系吸收As和Pb的影响.结果表明,As和Pb的添加显著地影响水稻根表铁膜对As和Pb的吸附,并且As-Pb交互作用显著地影响水稻根系对两元素的吸收及根表铁膜对As的吸附.添加Pb可促进水稻根系对As的吸收.当As浓度为25μmol.L-1时,浓度为25μmol.L-1Pb处理与对照相比导致水稻根系吸收As提高了53.3%.同样,施用As也可以促进水稻根系对Pb的吸收,当Pb的浓度为25μmol.L-1和50μmol.L-1时,50μmol.L-1As处理与对照相比,水稻根系吸收Pb分别提高20.2%和28.6%.添加As显著地促进Pb由铁膜向根系中转运,而添加Pb对As由铁膜向根系中的转运影响不大.因此,在重金属复合污染情况下,水稻根表铁膜对重金属的吸附及根系对重金属的吸收均存在着复杂的交互作用.     

链霉菌的抗砷特性及其对蜈蚣草富集砷的作用

本文研究了链霉菌Streptomyces sp.的耐砷特性及其对蜈蚣草富集砷的影响。结果表明,Streptomyces sp.可在100mmo·lL-1的砷酸盐溶液中生长,具有较强的抗砷毒害能力,且在48h内对As(Ⅴ)的还原率达96.5%。施用Streptomyces sp.能促进植物对砷的吸收,蜈蚣草地上部砷浓度为930mg·kg-1,地上部砷累积量达到对照组的2.09倍。加入Streptomyces sp.后,能促进根际土壤中As(Ⅴ)还原成As(Ⅲ),大幅度降低根际土壤残渣态砷含量,从48.15mg·kg-1下降至28.75mg·kg-1。Streptomyces sp.通过影响蜈蚣草根际环境,提高根际土壤pH,增加DOC含量,促使砷形态变化,从而增加砷生物可利用性。该菌可作为强化蜈蚣草修复砷污染土壤的材料。     

接种丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus mosseae)对旱稻吸收砷及土壤砷形态变化的影响

采用接种和不接种菌根真菌(Glomus mosseae)两种模式,研究了菌根真菌对旱稻中砷积累的影响。结果表明接种菌根真菌能够明显提高旱稻地上部磷的含量(对照0.84g·kg-1,接种2.23g·kg-1)和地下部(对照0.76g·kg-1,接种1.04g·kg-1)对磷的吸收;降低地上部(对照2.40mg·kg-1,接种0.69mg·kg-1)和地下部(对照8.90mg·kg-1,接种4.87mg·kg-1)中砷的积累;提高磷从地下部向地上部的转运能力,从而有效抑制了砷从地下部到地上部的传输。进一步研究发现,菌根真菌还可以降低土壤溶液中AsIII和总砷含量,即菌根真菌能够降低水稻可获得的砷含量,从而减少砷对人体健康的威胁。     

不同磷浓度下水稻短根突变体与野生型对五价砷吸收和转运的差异

为研究水稻根形态及磷营养状况对水稻吸收和转运五价砷的调控作用,采用水培的方法,研究了在不同外部磷浓度(0、10、50、150、300μM KH2PO4)下水稻(Oryza sativa L.)短根突变体与野生型短期内对五价砷(10μM Na3AsO4)吸收和转运的差异.结果表明,水稻根形态(短根突变体与野生型)和磷营养状况均能对水稻吸收和转运五价砷产生显著影响:1)磷能竞争性抑制水稻对五价砷的吸收,随营养液中磷浓度的增加,水稻地上部和地下部五价砷含量、单位根干重砷吸收量(根系砷吸收能力)均显著降低;2)水稻短根突变体对五价砷的吸收能力低于野生型,但转运能力高于野生型.     

砷-硒交互作用对水稻吸收转运砷和硒的影响

采用溶液培养法,研究了两种形态无机As与四价Se交互作用对水稻吸收转运As和Se的影响.结果表明,不同形态As与Se交互作用对水稻吸收转运As和Se影响较大,Se(Ⅳ)显著地提高水稻根系而降低水稻茎叶对As的吸收积累.与对照处理相比,在1.0μmol·L-1As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)处理下添加1.0μmol·L-1Se(Ⅳ)分别导致水稻根系As含量提高59.5%和21.3%,而水稻茎叶As浓度减少10.4%和21.9%.As(Ⅲ)或As(Ⅴ)处理显著降低水稻茎叶对Se的吸收积累,但As(Ⅴ)处理对水稻根系积累Se没有影响.在1.0μmol·L-1Se(Ⅳ)处理下,添加1.0μmol·L-1As(Ⅲ)和1.0μmol·L-1As(Ⅴ)导致水稻茎叶Se浓度分别比对照处理降低41.9%和30.3%.Se(Ⅳ)与As(Ⅲ)或As(Ⅴ)对水稻转运As、Se的能力具有交互拮抗作用.研究结果表明,在As污染农田中,可通过施用Se肥来提高植物的Se营养,降低植物对As的吸收积累,从而降低As对人体健康的危害.     

叶面喷施铈硅复合溶胶抑制生菜砷积累效应研究

采用水热合成法,利用正硅酸乙酯和硝酸铈分别制备了二氧化硅和二氧化铈溶胶。通过土培盆栽试验,在广东省汕头市莲花山钨矿区砷污染土壤上种植意大利生菜,研究了叶面喷施不同浓度二氧化硅、二氧化铈以及不同掺杂比的铈硅复合溶胶对生菜地上部生物量、叶绿素含量、砷含量以及生菜地上部砷积累量的影响。结果表明：叶面喷施不同浓度铈、硅溶胶及不同掺杂比的铈硅复合溶胶均可以缓解生菜砷毒害,表现为生菜的地上部鲜重升高了9%～58.8%,砷含量降低了23%～48%。叶面喷施低浓度的二氧化铈掺杂5mmol·L-1二氧化硅复合溶胶可以增加生菜叶片叶绿素含量,进一步提高二氧化硅缓解生菜砷毒害效果。其中以叶面喷施5mmol·L-12%铈掺杂二氧化硅复合溶胶生菜地上部鲜重最高为对照的1.6倍;砷含量最低为对照的51.4%。叶面喷施铈、硅复合溶胶不仅可以降低生菜可食用部位砷浓度,而且可以减少生菜地上部吸收积累砷总量,从而降低了砷通过食物链对人体健康的危害。与传统土壤施用硅肥相比,叶面施用硅溶胶具有经济高效的优点,为土壤砷污染控制提供了一种新的选择。     

高锰酸钾及氯化锰对日本青鳉的急、慢性毒性(Toxic Effects of Potassium Permanganate and Manganese Chloride on the Early Life Stage of Japanese Medaka（Oryzias latipes）)

饮用水生产中投加高锰酸钾可能引起高锰酸钾及其副产物二价锰的毒性效应.利用日本青鳉的胚胎-幼鱼发育阶段评价了以高锰酸钾为预氧化剂的饮用水生产工艺安全性.结果表明,高锰酸钾对日本青鳉的LC50-96h为1.48mg·L-1.慢性暴露中,对孵化时间影响的最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC30d)为0.1mg·L-1;暴露于0.4mg·L-1的高锰酸钾对30d后日本青鳉的体长、体重、累计死亡率均有显著影响,但对孵化率率无显著影响.氯化锰(Mn2+)对日本青鳉的LC50-96h为550mg·L-1,对体重影响的LOEC30d为3.2mg·L-1.当高锰酸钾的使用浓度在0.5～1.5mg·L-1之间,其在滤后水中的高锰酸钾残余浓度低于检出限,而降解中间体产物Mn2+浓度小于0.5mg·L-1,均低于本文报道的LOECs数值.     

镉和温度预暴露对小麦吸收镉的影响（Uptake of Cadmium by Wheat（Triticum aestivum） as Affected by Pre-Exposure to Cadmium and Temperature）

土壤中重金属Cd污染是一个累积过程,污染历史会影响植物对土壤中Cd的吸收. 近年来,随着全球气候的变暖,温度对Cd的生物有效性的影响日益引起关注. 通过模拟土壤溶液,研究了Cd的浓度、温度和预暴露时间对小麦吸收Cd的影响. 小麦在浓度为0.01和0.1μmol·L-1的Cd中经过不同时间的预暴露后进行6h的短期吸收实验. 结果发现,经1d预暴露后,小麦根部吸收Cd的量有增加趋势,这说明Cd对小麦产生了刺激作用,小麦地上部分的含Cd量也有所增加但不显著. 经5d预暴露后,小麦对Cd产生了抗性,这使得小麦根部降低了对Cd的吸收量;并且当Cd为0.1μmol·L-1时,根部Cd吸收量的降低最为明显;由于Cd从根部向地上部迁移是一个复杂的生理过程,预暴露对地上部分Cd含量的影响没有根具有规律性;经过37℃高温胁迫4h后,小麦根部及地上部分的Cd含量减少高达40%;预暴露和高温共同作用后,其减少量更多,这说明预暴露和高温共同作用能够减少小麦对Cd的吸收量.     

Effects of the interactions between selenium and phosphorus on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa)

The solution culture, paddy soil culture and the simulation experiments in the laboratory were conducted to clarify the interactions between selenium and phosphorus, and its effects on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice. Results revealed that a suitable supply of selenium could promote rice growth and excessive selenium could injure rice plant, causing lower biomass, especially in the roots. The supply of selenite could enhance the selenium contents of rice shoots and roots in solution culture and in soil culture. The selenium concentrations in roots were much higher than those in shoots supplied with the same rates of selenium and phosphorus. The interaction between selenium and phosphorus was evident. When the phosphorus supply increased to meet the needs of plant growth, phosphorus could promote absorption and accumulation of selenium in the shoots. If the phosphorus supply was excessive, phosphorus could inhibit the accumulation of selenium in the shoots at the lower selenite level (2 micromol l(-1)), but could not at the higher selenite level (10 micromol l(-1)). With the supply of phosphate increased, the selenium concentrations in the roots decreased significantly at both selenite levels. The presence of phosphate could decrease Se sorption on the soil surface and increase the selenium concentration in the soil solution. The concentrations of selenium in shoots and roots supplied with 0.08 g kg(-1) phosphorus were lower than those with no phosphorus supplied. With the increase of phosphorus added to 0.4 g kg(-1), the selenium concentration in shoots and roots increased. The effect of phosphorus on the concentration was statistically significant at all three selenium levels.     

不同锰处理对镉胁迫下2种油菜重金属累积和根系形态的影响

采用水培试验,研究Cd胁迫(10μmol·L~(-1))条件下,不同浓度Mn(0,0.1,1,10,100μmol·L~(-1))处理对2种镉累积能力不同的油菜生物量、Cd和Mn含量以及根系形态参数的影响。结果表明,与正常营养处理Mn1相比,缺Mn和Mn过量处理显著降低2种油菜的地上部和镉低积累油菜"华骏"的根部生物量,而对普通油菜"寒绿"的根部生物量没有显著影响。与Mn1处理相比,缺Mn处理下2种油菜的Cd累积总量和"华骏"地上部Cd含量显著降低;Mn过量处理下2种油菜根部和地上部Cd含量均呈升高趋势,2种油菜的Cd累积总量无显著变化或显著降低。随Mn处理浓度升高,2种油菜地上部和根部Mn含量显著升高,缺Mn处理下2种油菜根部的Mn含量低于Mn缺乏的临界值。与Mn1处理相比,缺Mn处理下"华骏"的根长、表面积、体积、平均直径和根尖数显著降低;Mn过量处理下"寒绿"的根长以及"华骏"的根系表面积、体积显著降低;缺Mn处理下2种油菜细根表面积所占的比例增加,粗根表面积比例降低;Mn过量时,"寒绿"的粗根表面积比例增加,细根比例降低,而"华骏"则相反。总的来看,缺Mn处理影响油菜根系和地上部生长,减少地上部Cd含量和植株Cd累积总量;Mn过量处理下油菜生长也受到抑制,但是油菜地上部和根部Cd含量有所升高;2种油菜的根系形态学参数在不同Mn处理下变化规律不同,表现出不同的响应策略。     

Effects of the Interactions Between Selenium and Phosphorus on the Growth and Selenium Accumulation in Rice (Oryza Sativa)

The solution culture, paddy soil culture and the simulation experiments in the laboratory were conducted to clarify the interactions between selenium and phosphorus, and its effects on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice. Results revealed that a suitable supply of selenium could promote rice growth and excessive selenium could injure rice plant, causing lower biomass, especially in the roots. The supply of selenite could enhance the selenium contents of rice shoots and roots in solution culture and in soil culture. The selenium concentrations in roots were much higher than those in shoots supplied with the same rates of selenium and phosphorus. The interaction between selenium and phosphorus was evident. When the phosphorus supply increased to meet the needs of plant growth, phosphorus could promote absorption and accumulation of selenium in the shoots. If the phosphorus supply was excessive, phosphorus could inhibit the accumulation of selenium in the shoots at the lower selenite level (2 mol l^–1), but could not at the higher selenite level (10 mol l^–1). With the supply of phosphate increased, the selenium concentrations in the roots decreased significantly at both selenite levels. The presence of phosphate could decrease Se sorption on the soil surface and increase the selenium concentration in the soil solution. The concentrations of selenium in shoots and roots supplied with 0.08 g kg^–1 phosphorus were lower than those with no phosphorus supplied. With the increase of phosphorus added to 0.4 g kg^–1, the selenium concentration in shoots and roots increased. The effect of phosphorus on the concentration was statistically significant at all three selenium levels.     

Subcellular distribution and chemical form of Pb in hyperaccumulator Arenaria orbiculata and response of root exudates to Pb addition

Solution culture was conducted in order to understand accumulation characteristics and chemical forms of Pb in Arenaria orbiculata (A. orbiculata) and the response of root exudates to Pb addition. The results showed that: 1) Pb contents in the shoot and root of A. orbiculata increased with increasing in Pb concentrations in solution. 2) The contents of Pb chemical forms under Pb addition followed as: HAc extractable fraction (F_HAC)>HCl extractable fraction (F_HCl)>NaCl extractable fraction (F_NaCl)>ethanol-extractable fraction (F_E)>water extractable fraction (F_W). 3) Increased Pb level in the medium caused increases in Pb contents in the four subcellular fractions of shoots and roots, with most accumulation in FIV (Fraction IV, soluble fraction) in shoots and FI (Fraction I, cell wall fraction) in roots. 4) Contents of soluble sugar and free amino acid of root exudates increased with increasing Pb concentration in solution. Significantly positive correlations between Pb and contents of soluble sugar and free amino acid were observed. 5) With Pb concentrations in solution, low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) contents followed the tendency: tartaric acid>acetic acid>malic acid>citric acid. Significantly positive correlation was observed between Pb and citric acid contents. The results indicate that soluble sugars, free amino acid and citric acid in root exudates of A.orbiculata facilitate the absorption and accumulation of Pb, which exist in NaCl-, HCl- and HAc- extractable Pb forms, FI and FIV fractions, resulting in tolerance of A.orbiculata to Pb.     

Sequestration of As by iron plaque on the roots of three rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.) cultivars in a low-P soil with or without P fertilizer

A pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse to investigate the sequestration of As in iron plaques on root surface of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Phosphate (P) fertilization increased both plant biomass and tissue P concentrations significantly, indicating that the soils used in this study was highly P-deficient. Results from this study confirmed that low P supply improved the formation of iron plaque on rice roots. As a consequence, arsenic (As) concentrations in DCB-extracts with no P addition were significantly higher than those with P fertilization. Arsenic was highly sequestrated in iron plaque; arsenic concentration in iron was up to nearly 120 mg kg⁻¹, while arsenic concentrations in roots were just several mg kg⁻¹. Both arsenic and phosphate concentrations in iron plaque were highly positively correlated with the amounts of iron plaque (DCB-extractable Fe). Contrary to normal understanding that increasing P supply could reduced As accumulation in plants, results from the present study showed that P fertilization did not inhibit the As uptake by plants (As accumulation in aboveground), which was probably due to the fact that iron plaque formation was improved under low P conditions, thus leading to more As sequestration in the iron plaque. Thus results obtained in this study indicated that the iron plaque may inhibit the transfer of As from roots to shoots, and thus alter the P–As interaction in plant As uptake processes.     

镉和温度预暴露对小麦吸收镉的影响

土壤中重金属Cd污染是一个累积过程,污染历史会影响植物对土壤中Cd的吸收.近年来,随着全球气候的变暖,温度对Cd的生物有效性的影响日益引起关注.通过模拟土壤溶液,研究了Cd的浓度、温度和预暴露时间对小麦吸收Cd的影响.小麦在浓度为0.01和0.1μmol·L-1的Cd中经过不同时间的预暴露后进行6h的短期吸收实验.结果发现,经1d预暴露后,小麦根部吸收Cd的量有增加趋势,这说明Cd对小麦产生了刺激作用,小麦地上部分的含Cd量也有所增加但不显著.经5d预暴露后,小麦对Cd产生了抗性,这使得小麦根部降低了对Cd的吸收量;并且当Cd为0.1μmol·L-1时,根部Cd吸收量的降低最为明显;由于Cd从根部向地上部迁移是一个复杂的生理过程,预暴露对地上部分Cd含量的影响没有根具有规律性;经过37℃高温胁迫4h后,小麦根部及地上部分的Cd含量减少高达40%;预暴露和高温共同作用后,其减少量更多,这说明预暴露和高温共同作用能够减少小麦对Cd的吸收量.     

Effects of cadmium on nutrient uptake and translocation by Indian Mustard

Plants that hyperaccumulate metals are ideal subjects for studying the mechanisms of metal and mineral nutrient uptake in the plant kingdom. Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) has been shown to accumulate moderate levels of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu. In this experiment, 10 levels of Cd concentration treatments were imposed by adding 10-190 mg Cd kg(-1) to the soils as cadmium nitrate [Cd(NO3)2]. The effect of Cd on phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and the micronutrients iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in B. juncea was studied. Plant growth was affected negatively by Cd, root biomass decreased significantly at 170 mg Cd kg(-1) dry weight soils treatment. Cadmium accumulation both in shoots and roots increased with increasing soil Cd treatments. The highest concentration of Cd was up to 300 mg kg(-1) d.w. in the roots and 160 mg kg(-1) d.w. in the shoots. The nutrients mainly affected by Cd were P, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn in the roots, and P, K, Ca, and Cu in the shoots. K and P concentrations in roots increased significantly when Cd was added at 170 mg kg(-1), and this was almost the same level at which root growth was inhibited. Zn concentrations in roots decreased significantly when added Cd concentration was increased from 50 to 110 mg kg(-1), then remained constant with Cd treatments from 110 to 190 mg kg(-1). However, Zn concentrations in the shoots seemed less affected by Cd. It is possible that Zn uptake was affected by the Cd but not the translocation of Zn within the plant. Ca and Mg accumulation in roots and shoots showed similar trends. This result indicates that Ca and Mg uptake is a non-specific process.     

砷污染土壤中不同基因型水稻根表铁膜的形成及其对砷吸收和转运影响

采用土壤盆栽试验法,研究6个不同基因型水稻品种根表铁膜形成及其对As吸收、转运的影响。结果表明,水稻形成根表铁膜在不同基因型品种之间差异显著（p<0.001）,其中品种94D-22形成铁膜量（以Fe含量计）是品种圭630的1.5~1.8倍,添加As处理对水稻根表铁膜形成影响不显著。低As含量的对照土壤中,水稻根表铁膜量与根系As含量存在着显著的正相关关系（r=0.657,n=24,p<0.01）,与As转移系数呈显著的负相关关系(r=-0.612,n=24,p<0.01）。土壤添加As后,水稻根表铁膜量与茎叶As含量存在显著的正相关关系（r=0.653-0.673,n=24,p<0.01）,与As转运之间无显著相关性。比较生长于As污染土壤的不同水稻品种,科优1360茎叶积累As较少,且其根系转运As能力也较差,而品种94D-22正好相反。研究结果表明,在As含量较低的土壤中,水稻根表铁膜的存在可成为根系As的障碍层,阻止As向地上部转运;但在As含量较高的土壤,根表铁膜的存在却促进了水稻茎叶对As的积累,其对As的转运没有显著影响。人们可通过作物品种筛选来防治土壤As污染危害、降低As对人体健康的威胁。     

钒对水稻生长的影响--溶液培养研究

通过水培试验 ,研究钒对水稻的毒害及钒与磷相互作用的影响 .试验结果表明 ,低浓度钒对水稻生长没有显著影响 ,但是随着钒浓度的不断增加 ,对水稻的干物质重量和根系生长均不利 .如钒浓度为 1 2 8mg·l- 1 时 ,水稻茎叶和根系的干重分别比不施钒的对照减少 49 9%和 5 5 1 % ,钒浓度愈高植株干重愈少 ,根系生长不良 ,表现出明显的钒中毒症状 .水稻茎叶及根系中磷的含量与钒的含量均呈极显著的负相关关系 .随着溶液中钒浓度的增加 ,水稻茎叶及根系吸收的钒量逐渐增加 ,而吸收的磷量却呈下降趋势 ,说明水稻钒毒害可抑制其对磷的吸收     

铅-苯并[a]芘复合污染在土壤-植物体系的归宿规律研究

通过室内盆栽试验研究了中、低浓度铅（Pb）和苯并[a]芘（B[a]p）复合污染在土壤-植物系统中的归宿规律和相互影响,以考查Pb-B[a]p复合污染的相互作用.采用4因素6水平均匀设计试验方案,w（Pb）范围为0～1 120 mg·kg^-1,w（B[a]p）范围为0～6.4 mg·kg^-1.结果表明,在非根际环境中,Pb的不同结合态未受到B[a]p的影响,而土壤中B[a]p的自然降解过程也未受到Pb的影响;在黑麦草根际环境中,Pb的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态以及Fe/Mn氧化物结合态含量与非根际土壤相比明显降低,有机物和硫化物结合态含量明显升高,这与黑麦草根际分泌物和植物根际的吸收作用有关;玉米和黑麦草地上部和根部Pb含量均与土壤中Pb总量之间呈显著正相关关系,与B[a]p含量间不存在显著相关性;在玉米和黑麦草根际环境中,B[a]p的降解速率比非根际土壤有明显提高,其中黑麦草的促降解作用强于玉米;Pb对玉米和黑麦草根际土壤中B[a]p的降解过程具有一定的抑制作用,这与根际环境对Pb的活化作用进而增加Pb对微生物有效性有关;Pb对植物根部吸附B[a]p的过程也有一定影响.总体而言,在根际和非根际条件下B[a]p与Pb的共存均未影响Pb的归宿,在非根际环境中Pb也未影响B[a]p的归宿,但在根际环境中Pb抑制了B[a]p在土壤中的降解及植物根部对B[a]p的吸收.