珠江口磨刀门轮虫群落结构特征与水质生态学评价

轮虫是浮游动物群落中的重要组成部分,对水质变化反应敏感,调查轮虫群落的种类组成和丰度变化,可以获知水质变化和水体的营养状况,并可作为水质评价依据。于2009年7月至2010年1月,对珠江口磨刀门3个站点（S1滞水区、S2河道和S3水流交汇区）轮虫群落结构特征进行每月两次的调查,同时测定了水温、盐度、透明度、叶绿素、总氮、总磷等理化指标,利用非生物环境因子对水体的营养状况进行了TLIc加权综合营养状态指数评价,并通过轮虫种类组成、E/O指数、QB/T指数和生物多样性指数对水质进行了生态学评价。调查期间,水温12~29℃,盐度0.11~7.9 PSU,叶绿素a浓度0.89-9.56μg·L-1,叶绿素a与水温呈显著正相关（p〈0.0001）,与盐度呈显著负相关（p〈0.01）。磨刀门水域3个采样站点TLIc处于50~60之间,表明其水质均达到轻度富营养水平,富营养程度按S1、S2、S3依次递减。调查期间,共记录轮虫56种,S1站点轮虫种类最多,其中污染指示轮虫42种。污染指示种占轮虫总数比例表明,珠江口磨刀门达到了富营养化水平,与利用非生物环境因子作出综合营养状态指数TLIc的评价结果一致。磨刀门的优势种为广布多肢轮虫（Polyarthra vulgaris）、螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）、热带龟甲轮虫（Keratella tropica）和暗小异尾轮虫（Trichocerca pusilla）。调查期间,轮虫丰度在S1、S2、S3变化范围分别为0~199 ind·L-1、1~54 ind·L-1和0~48 ind·L-1,平均丰度分别为31±54 ind·L-1、13±15 ind·L-1和11±13 ind·L-1。丰水期的8月下旬轮虫丰度达到最大值;枯水期丰度均较低。轮虫丰度与水温、总氮、叶绿素显著正相关（p〈0.05）,与盐度显著负相关（p〈0.05）。磨刀门河口理化因子变化剧烈,轮虫多样性指数波动范围较大,反映出河口水域轮虫群落结构的不稳定性。冗余分析（RDA）表明水温、盐度和叶绿素是影响轮     

长江口南北支浮游动物群落生态学研究

长江口特殊的生态环境使得浮游动物的种类组成、密度和时空分布等生态特征有别于其它水体。2005年秋季（丰水期）和2006年春季（枯水期）对长江口南北支浮游动物进行了2个航次的调查,沿南北支由西向东设立3个采样断面共20个采样点。共采集到浮游动物227种,其中轮虫65种,原生动物107种,枝角类15种,桡足类40种。优势种包括龟甲轮虫（Keratella）、刺簇多肢轮虫（Polyarthra trigla）、萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）、砂壳虫（Difflugia）、表壳虫（Arcella）、砂壳纤毛虫（Tintinnid）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、汤匙华哲水蚤（Sinocalanus dorrii）、广布中剑水蚤（Mesocyclops leuckarti）、象鼻溞（Bosmina）等。文章对南北两支浮游动物的种类组成和结构进行了比较,南支浮游动物的种类、数量及生物多样都高于北支,南北两支的浮游动物群落相似度很低。南北两支水域环境的不同造成其浮游动物群落结构的较大差异,文章分析了环境因子与浮游动物群落结构的相关性,其中水温是重要的影响因素,水温的季节性决定了浮游动物在时间分布上的变化。盐度对浮游动物群落结构的影响主要决定了其物种生态类型及空间分布。从整体上看,南北支主要受长江径流控制,浮游动物的种类组成以淡水种为主,咸水种在断面3出现较多。     

呼伦湖水体营养状态特征及其主要影响因子研究

呼伦湖地处中高纬度温带半干旱区,属于中温带大陆性草原气候,湖泊冰封期长达6个月,冰封期和非冰封期湖泊水体的营养状态具有显著的差异性。基于2015—2017年冰封期与非冰封期湖泊水质监测数据,采用综合营养状态指数法分析冰封期与非冰封期呼伦湖湖泊水体营养状态的变化特征,同时通过非线性概率Probit模型建立了呼伦湖富营养化影响因子模型并对湖泊水体富营养化主要影响因子讨论分析,研究结果表明呼伦湖总体上呈现轻度富营养化程度,2015—2017年呼伦湖冰封期内水体富营养化程度变化特征为2015—2017富营养化程度逐年增加,而非冰封期内水体富营养化程度的变化特征呈现2016年富营养化程度最大2017年最小,且冰封期内水体富营养状态程度较非冰封期严重;建立的呼伦湖富营养化影响因子的非线性概率Probit模型表明影响水体富营养化的主要水环境因子为总磷(TP)、pH值、盐度(S)、水深(H)、总氮(TN)及溶解氧(DO),其中总磷(TP)因子的响应概率为65.7%,对呼伦湖湖泊水体富营养化程度影响最大,说明磷是呼伦湖水体富营养化的重要限制因子,并且各主要水环境影响因子与综合营养状态指数间具有显著的相关关系,表明呼伦湖水体营养状态的改善可通过调节水体内各水环境因子维持相对平衡,同时加大对湖周围人类活动的管理,加强对禁牧的宣传来实现。     

塔玛亚历山大藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫实验种群动态的影响

采用单个体培养方法研究有毒赤潮藻塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）的细胞再悬浮液、细胞破碎液及其与亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）的混合藻液对褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）实验种群动态的影响．结果表明，塔玛亚历山大藻及其细胞破碎液延缓了褶皱臂尾轮虫的生长发育，使轮虫的生殖前期延长，生殖期及寿命缩短，特定年龄出生率降低，产卵量减少，从而导致轮虫生殖力下降，种群增长受阻．其中以塔玛亚历山大藻细胞再悬浮液对轮虫的影响最为显著，rm仅为0．1832d^-1，图1表2参18     

水生生物群落所揭示的湖泊水环境状况——以东平湖为例

东平湖作为国家南水北调工程东线的调蓄湖和山东省西水东送的水源地,在国家水资源配置战略中起着重要的作用.为了解其水生生物、水环境质量及湖泊富营养状态,在收集、整理和总结前人历年积累的东平湖水生生物等调查研究资料的基础上,并结合表层沉积硅藻和湖泊水质数据,分析东平湖目前的水环境状况及湖泊环境的潜在威胁.2011-2012年东平湖表层沉积物硅藻属种鉴定显示优势属为Aulacoseira、Synedra、Cyclotella、Navicula和Fragilaria,营养型属种居多,表明湖泊整体营养水平较高.由Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielous种类均匀度指数分析得到东平湖硅藻门生物多样性指数为3.30和0.80,处于轻度污染水平.因此,由水生生物群落所揭示的东平湖环境状况为营养状态从富营养化转变为中营养-轻度富营养化状态,水体由中度污染转变为轻度污染甚至部分区域水体良好,整体处于Ⅲ类水标准.     

珠海市调水水库水力滞留时间对轮虫群落结构的影响

水力滞留时间是反映水体水动力过程的重要参数,能直接或间接影响水体生物群落结构与动态.以珠海市6座调水水库为研究对象,于2013年1月和11月进行浮游动物样品采集,同时测定水体的理化因子,分析水力滞留时间对轮虫群落结构的影响.6座水库水力滞留时间为9-585 d,根据其水力滞留时间的长短可将6座水库分为3类,即直流型、中等水力滞留时间型和长水力滞留时间型.共检出浮游轮虫34种,其中臂尾轮科和异尾轮科占所检出种数的53%.6座水库轮虫种类基本一致,以热带龟甲轮虫(Keratella tropica)、螺形龟甲轮虫(K.cochlearis)和广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)为优势种类.水库之间以及同一水库两次采样期间轮虫群落结构差异较大,Bray-Curtis相异系数为0.15-0.83.中等水力滞留时间水库两次采样期间轮虫群落的相异系数显著高于直流型水库(ANOVA,P=0.041)和长水力滞留时间水库(ANOVA,P=0.019),直流型水库和长水力滞留时间水库间差异不显著(ANOVA,P=0.435).由此说明,水力滞留时间是影响水库之间轮虫群落差异的重要因素,而营养水平则是影响轮虫群落动态变异的重要因素.     

河蟹生态养殖池塘后生浮游动物群落结构及水质生态学评价

为研究河蟹生态养殖池塘后生浮游动物群落结构及水体健康状况,于2017年5—10月在江苏省宜兴市高塍镇滆湖渔场河蟹生态养殖池塘和池塘进水处进行采样,对后生浮游动物进行种类鉴定和定量分析,并采用生物多样性指数对水体进行生态学评价。调查共发现49种后生浮游动物,包括22种轮虫类、15种枝角类和12种桡足类。轮虫类的壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla),枝角类的棘体网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia setosa)、美丽网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia pulchella)和直额裸腹溞(Moina rectirostris),桡足类的无节幼体(Nauplii)、跨立小剑水蚤(Microcyclops varicans)和胸饰外剑水蚤(Ectocyclops phaleratus)为优势种。轮虫类密度最大,但生物量最小;而枝角类密度最小,生物量最大;桡足类的密度和生物量则居中。RDA排序分析表明,温度、TN、PO_4~(3-)-P和COD_(Mn)是池塘后生浮游动物群落结构的主要影响因素。生物多样性指数评价结果表明,池塘和池塘进水处均处于中污染状态,池塘水质并未显著优于池塘进水处,这与该地区河蟹养殖密度较大有关,今后应以合理的养殖密度为探究方向。     

长江口南北支浮游动物群落生态学研究

长江口特殊的生态环境使得浮游动物的种类组成、密度和时空分布等生态特征有别于其它水体。2005年秋季(丰水期)和2006年春季(枯水期)对长江口南北支浮游动物进行了2个航次的调查,沿南北支由西向东设立3个采样断面共20个采样点。共采集到浮游动物227种,其中轮虫65种,原生动物107种,枝角类15种,桡足类40种。优势种包括龟甲轮虫(Keratella)、刺簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、砂壳虫(Difflugia)、表壳虫(Arcella)、砂壳纤毛虫(Tintinnid)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)、象鼻溞(Bosmina)等。文章对南北两支浮游动物的种类组成和结构进行了比较,南支浮游动物的种类、数量及生物多样都高于北支,南北两支的浮游动物群落相似度很低。南北两支水域环境的不同造成其浮游动物群落结构的较大差异,文章分析了环境因子与浮游动物群落结构的相关性,其中水温是重要的影响因素,水温的季节性决定...     

固城湖及其出入湖河道水质时空分布差异与历年变化趋势分析

于2012年7月至2013年7月采集固城湖及其出入湖河道水样,测定水体理化特征指标,探讨固城湖水质时空分布差异,并根据2001—2012年水质监测数据,利用PWQTrend 2010软件分析近年来固城湖及官溪河的水质变化趋势。结果表明:固城湖大湖区、港口河和漆桥河水质较好,丰水期处于轻度富营养化状态;小湖区、养殖区排污口、官溪河和胥河受纳污染负荷较大,丰水期处于中度富营养状态,而枯水期大、小湖区及出入湖河道都处于中营养状态。目前水质主要受氮磷污染的影响,主要污染源为水产养殖;2001—2012年官溪河和小湖区总体上属于Ⅲ~Ⅳ类水质,大湖区则属于Ⅲ类水质,受高淳社会经济发展和环境保护措施的影响,官溪河总氮、总磷浓度呈显著下降趋势,小湖区总氮浓度,大湖区总氮、总磷浓度都呈显著上升趋势,因此合理规划养殖业发展规模和模式,减少各类污染源排放量,是保证固城湖可持续发展的必要措施。     

滆湖后生浮游动物群落结构研究

为了解滆湖浮游动物群落现状,于2009年5月至2010年3月对滆湖后生浮游动物群落结构特征和物种多样性进行调查.结果显示,滆湖后生浮游动物为100种,轮虫25属52种,枝角类12属21种,桡足类14属27种.后生浮游动物优势种主要有萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、桡足幼体(copepodid)和长额象鼻潘(Bosmina longirostris).后生浮游动物年均密度为1572 L-1,轮虫数量占后生浮游动物总数的98.7％,后生浮游动物密度以春季为最大.后生浮游动物年均生物量为2.34 mg·L-1,生物量以夏季为最大,枝角类生物量与桡足类密度间呈极显著正相关(r=0.516,P＜0.01),轮虫生物量与桡足类生物量间呈显著负相关(r=-0.517,P＜0.05).滆湖后生浮游动物的密度和生物量随季节变化明显,各季节密度由大到小依次为春季、夏季、秋季和冬季,生物量由大到小依次为夏季、春季、秋季和冬季;后生浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数值表明滆湖水体处于轻-中污染状态.     

Zooplankton diversity and physico-chemical conditions in three perennial ponds of Virudhunagar district, Tamilnadu

Plankton diversity and physico-chemical parameters are an important criterion for evaluating the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking purposes. In this study we tried to assess the zooplankton species richness, diversity and evenness and to predict the state of three perennial ponds according to physico-chemical parameters. A total of 47 taxa were recorded: 24 rotifers, 9 copepods, 8 cladocerans, 4 ostracods and 2 protozoans. More number of zooplankton species were recorded in Chinnapperkovil pond (47 species) followed by Nallanchettipatti (39 species) and Kadabamkulam pond (24 species). Among the rotifers, Branchionus sp. is abundant. Diaphanosoma sp. predominant among the cladocerans. Among copepods, numerical superiority was found in the case of Mesocyclopes sp. Cypris sp. repeated abundance among ostracoda. Present study revealed that zooplankton species richness (R1 and R2) was comparatively higher (R1: 4.39; R2: 2.13) in Chinnapperkovil pond. The species diversity was higher in the Chinnapperkovil pond (H': 2.53; N1: 15.05; N2: 15.75) as compared to other ponds. The water samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity alkalinity salinity, phosphate, hardness, dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand. Higher value of physico-chemical parameters and zooplankton diversity were recorded in Chinnapperkovil pond as compared to other ponds. The zooplankton population shows positive significant correlation with physico-chemical parameters like, temperature, alkalinity phosphate, hardness and biological oxygen demand, whereas negatively correlated with rainfall and salinity. The study revealed that the presence of certain species like, Monostyla sp., Keratella sp., Lapadella sp., Leydigia sp., Moinodaphnia sp., Diaptomus sp., Diaphanosoma sp., Mesocyclopes sp., Cypris sp. and Brachionus sp. is considered to be biological indicator for eutrophication.     

Seasonal variations in zooplankton abundances in the Iturbide reservoir (Isidro Fabela, State of Mexico, Mexico)

This studywas undertaken to quantify the seasonal variations of zooplankton (rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) and selected physico-chemical variables (temperature, pH, conductivity, Secchi disc transparency, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate concentrations) in the Iturbide dam. Monthly zooplankton samples (50 l filtered through 50 microm mesh, in duplicates from each of the 4 stations) were collected from February 2008 to January 2009. Simultaneously physico-chemical variables were measured. The zooplankton samples were fixed in 4% formalin in the field. In general, the temperature ranged from 9 to 16 degrees C, rarely exceeding 20 degrees C. Secchi transparency was nearly 100% since the reservoir was shallow (< 2 m) even during the rainy seasons. Dissolved oxygen was generally high, 13-18 mg l(-1). Nitrate levels (10 to 170 microg l(-1)) were low while phosphates were relatively high (9 to 35 microg l(-1)). The Iturbide reservoir was dominated by rotifer species. We encountered in all, 55 taxa of rotifers, 9 cladocerans and 2 copepods. The rotifer families Trichocercidae and Notommatidae had the highest number of species (7 each) followed by Colurellidae and Lecanidae (6 and 5 species, respectively). Trichocerca elongata, Ascomorpha ovalis, K. americana, K. cochlearis, Lepadella patella and Pompholyx sulcata were the dominant rotifers during the study period. On an annual average, rotifer density ranged between 50-200 ind.(-1). Among crustaceans Chydorus brevilabris and Macrothrix triserialis were most abundant. The maximal density of these cladocerans was about 50 ind. l(-1). Copepods were much lower in numbers (< 20 ind. l(-1)). In general the density of zooplankton was higher during summer months (April to July) than during winter. Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied from 1.0 to 4.3 depending on the site and the sampling period. Based on the data of Secchi transparency and nutrient concentrations, the Iturbide reservoir appeared to be mesotrophic.     

Seasonal variation and diversity of rotifers in Ehoma lake, Nigeria

The zooplankton and physicochemistry of Ehoma lake were studied from March 2005 to August 2006 in order to evaluate seasonal trend in species composition and abundance in relation to water quality. Forty two (42) species of rotifers dominated by Keratella tropica tropica were encountered. Species richness declined by nearly 50% from dry season values during the rainy season. Species richness was higher in the littoral zone during the dry season, the reverse was the case during the rainy season. Species abundance followed similar trend as species richness. Abundance was closely associated with dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and width of the lake and these in turn varied significantly between seasons. Shannon-Weaver diversity varied from 2.2 to 3.8 bit ind(-1) and significantly between seasons (p<0.05). Anuraeopsis navicula navicula and Euchlanis dilatata dilatata Ehrenbreg were the only species gained during the flood periods.     

Control concept and countermeasures for shallow lakes’ eutrophication in China

Research on lake eutrophication in China began in the early 1970s, and many lakes in China are now known to be in meso-eutrophic status. Lake eutrophication has been showing a rapidly increasing trend since 2000. Investigations show that the main reasons for lake eutrophication include a fragile lake background environment, excessive nutrient loading into lakes, excessive human activities, ecological degeneration, weak environmental protection awareness, and lax lake management. Major mechanisms resulting from lake eutrophication include nutrient recycling imbalance, major changes in water chemistry (pH, oxygen, and carbon), lake ecosystem imbalance, and algal prevalence in lakes. Some concepts for controlling eutrophication should be persistently proposed, including lake catchment control, combination of pollutant source control with ecological restoration, protection of three important aspects (terrestrial ecology, lake coast zone, and submerged plant), and combination of lake management with regulation. Measures to control lake eutrophication should include pollution source control (i.e., optimize industrial structural adjustments in the lake catchment, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emission amounts, and control endogenous pollution) and lake ecological restoration (i.e. establish a zone-lake buffer region and lakeside zone, protect regional vegetation, utilize hydrophytes in renovation technology); countermeasures for lake management should include implementing water quality management, identifying environmental and lake water goals, legislating and formulating laws and regulations to protect lakes, strengthening publicity and the education of people, increasing public awareness through participation in systems and mechanic innovations, establishing lake region management institutions, and ensuring implementation of governance and management measures.     

The trophic linkage between zooplankton and benthic suspension feeders: direct evidence from analyses of bivalve faecal pellets

Using radiotracer (¹⁴C) and microscopic observation, we demonstrated that mussels (Mytilus edulis and Perna viridis) could be predators of mesozooplankton (rotifer Brachionus plicatilis). At radio-labelled rotifer densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 individual ml⁻¹, faecal pellets of mussels showed different degrees of radio signals and most of the faecal pellets were expelled 4 h after pulse feeding on rotifers. The maximum gut retention time (GRT) of ¹⁴C-labelled rotifers in the digestive diverticula did not o show any significant difference between the two mussel species or the different densities of rotifers, and the averaged GRT was 43.4±3.06 h (mean ± SE). At a rotifer density of 4.5 individual ml⁻¹, rotifer lorica pieces and rotifer bodies without eggs were found in faeces of M. edulis, while in the pseudofaeces, only complete rotifer bodies were found.     

Use of thermodynamic indices as ecological indicators of the development state of lake ecosystems: 2. Exergy and specific exergy indices

The effectiveness of exergy and specific exergy indices as ecological indicators of the trophic state of lake ecosystems is here tested on a small homogeneous set of shallow lakes which, in spite of their similar nutrient concentrations, morphology and hydrology, show a different trophic state and structure, species composition and abundance. The findings reveal that exergy and specific exergy indices have good negative correlation with phytoplankton biomass and Carlson's trophic state index (TSI) and strong positive correlation to water transparency (the relationship between exergy and eutrophication is clearer if the exergy refers to surface units, rather than volume units) and, hence, that they may be used as ecological indicators of the trophic state of lake ecosystems. The relationship between the responses of the thermodynamic approach and other conventional trophic classification methods (Vollenweider's eutrophication model based on phosphorus loading, the Hillbrich-Ilkowska method and the Vollenweider–OECD classification criterion) previously applied to Lake Trasimeno, was also investigated. The decreasing trend of exergy and specific exergy indices with eutrophication increase appears to be essentially due to the change in species composition and trophic structure, rather than to a different trophic potentiality of the ecosystems investigated. Concerning the identification of the environmental factors responsible for exergy and specific exergy trends, the coherence of the correlation structure between water depth, TSI, exergy and specific exergy indices, suggests that the lake's mean water depth plays a significant role in determining the changes in trophic structure and state (and consequently in exergetic indices) within the set of lakes examined and emphasises the importance of lake morphology in the development and ageing of lake ecosystems.     

Lake phosphorus dynamics and climate warming: A mechanistic model approach

Model results in this work indicate that lakes may respond very differently to climate change depending on their physical character. A physical lake model and a mechanistic phosphorus model are combined with two temperature scenarios generated by a regional climate model (RCM) in three sites in central Sweden—Lake Erken and two basins of Lake Mälaren (Galten and Ekoln). In the phosphorus model water mixing, mineralization, diffusion and biouptake are temperature dependent. In the simulations, Lake Erken is much more sensitive to climate warming than the two basins of Lake Mälaren, and the reason is shown to be the much longer water residence time in Lake Erken (7 years), stressing the importance of internal lake processes. In Galten and Ekoln the water residence times are less than 1 year, and the effects of water temperature changes are small. In Lake Erken the concentration of epilimnetic-dissolved phosphorus is almost doubled in spring and autumn in the warmest climate scenario. Since the lake is mostly phosphorus limited, this means that the potential for phytoplankton production is almost doubled. The implication would be that in Lake Erken, and in other eutrophic lakes with long water residence times, eutrophication problems may become serious in the future, and that managers may need to take action today in order to maintain good water quality in these lakes.     

Changes in life histories of cladocerans (Cladocera) from the rotifer-mediated allelochemicals

ABSTRACT

We hypothesised that at higher densities herbivorous rotifers through their allelochemicals affect the survival and reproduction of cladocerans. To test this, we separately cultured three rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus, Brachionus havanaensis, and Plationus patulus) and three cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia pulex, and Moina macrocopa). Chlorella vulgaris was used as food and reconstituted moderately hard water was used as medium. The conditioned-medium (CM) obtained from each of rotifer species was used to conduct cohort life table tests of cladocerans. SDS PAGE electrophoresis revealed the molecular weights of proteins present in the rotifer conditioned medium were 55–63?kDa. Compared to C. dubia and D. pulex, Moina was more resistant to rotifer-mediated chemicals. Gross reproductive rate of C. dubia was significantly stimulated by the rotifer-CM. However, gross and net reproductive rates of D. pulex were strongly reduced (72–85%) due to P. patulus-CM but not from the other two rotifer species. The rate of population increase of M. macrocopa was significantly reduced by the rotifer CM. Overall, about 46% (adverse effect: 24%; stimulatory impact: 22%) of the life history variables in controls significantly differed from rotifer-CM treatments, thus proving our hypothesis that rotifer-mediated allelochemicals had some effect on the cladoceran life history variables.     

灰色聚类法综合评价滴水湖水系环境质量

将滴水湖水系看作一个灰色系统进行研究,利用灰色聚类理论,以地表水环境标准和富营养化分级标准为基础建立灰类评价体系,确定聚类指标的隶属度和标准灰类的权重,得到各聚类指标对标准灰类的聚类系数,最大聚类系数关联的等级即水体质量等级。2010年,每2周1次对滴水湖水系11个监测点的溶解氧（DO）、化学需氧量（CODMn）、五日生化需氧量（BOD5）、总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH3-N）、透明度（SD）及叶绿素a（Chl.a）进行监测,取各指标的年均值,建立灰类评价系统。结果表明：滴水湖水源大治河及引水干道随塘河处水质属于Ⅳ类～Ⅴ类,呈富营养化和极度富营养化状态;闸外引水河芦潮引河段水质类型为Ⅲ类,为富营养化水平;闸内引水河道水质总体呈现富营养化状态,水质类型为Ⅲ类;滴水湖湖区水体质量良好,水质类型为Ⅲ类,呈中营养水平。     

固城湖生物资源潜力及其生态渔业探讨

根据 1999年对固城湖生物资源的周年综合调查 ,推算出固城湖的生物资源可供养鱼虾蟹能力在 65～ 75万kg ,其中河蟹产量可达 2 .5万kg。分析了固城湖近年河蟹产量不高的原因并提出解决办法。为保证固城湖作为饮用水源区等多重功能的发挥 ,提出了固城湖主要生态功能区划和污染负荷量计算模型及渔业生态对策