共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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采用改进的酸水解方法对土壤和沉积物中的有机质组分进行了分离和提取,用固体13C核磁共振(13CNMR)表征了非水解有机碳(NHC),同时研究了不同有机质组分对菲的吸附行为,结果表明,菲的吸附等温线都呈现出明显的非线性,能很好地拟合Freundlich方程;而且NHC和碳黑(BC)比其原始和去矿样品的吸附容量都有明显提高.这些结果揭示了NHC和BC主要控制着菲在土壤和沉积物中的吸附行为.沉积物及其NHC对菲的吸附容量要高于土壤及其NHC,这与土壤和沉积物中有机质的不同来源有关. 相似文献
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离子强度对土壤与沉积物吸附多环芳烃的影响研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以黄河三角洲表层沉积物与湿地土壤为对象,研究了离子强度对菲、苯并[a]芘在土壤和沉积物上吸附行为的影响。结果表明:不同Ca2 离子强度下,土壤与沉积物对菲、苯并[a]芘的吸附速率均较快,48h吸附能够达到平衡,Ca2 离子强度对土壤和沉积物影响程度不同;土壤和沉积物的吸附等温线均呈线形,能较好地符合线性方程,可决系数R2在0.98以上,菲的KD值在24~130mL·g-1之间,苯并[a]芘的KD值在3517~5081mL·g-1;随着体系离子强度的增大,土壤与沉积物对PAHs的吸附能力均降低,而且两者之间的吸附量差距明显降低,表明离子强度对土壤影响程度明显大于沉积物。 相似文献
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沉积物对菲和五氯酚的吸附性能 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了菲和五氯酚(PCP)在五种沉积物的吸附解吸行为,菲和PCP在各沉积物上的吸附和解吸都是较快的过程。均能在8h内达到平衡,吸附和解吸结果表明,高有机质含量的沉积物对菲和PCP的吸附和持留能力都较强,菲和PCP在各沉积物中的吸附系数跟沉积物的有机质含量呈线性正相关。等温吸附结果表明,低有机质含量的三种沉积物比有机质含量较高的两种沉积物呈更好的线性关系。不同沉积物对菲和PCP的吸附性能差异跟沉积物的有机质含量密切相关。 相似文献
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将一种新型被动式采样器——三油酸甘油酯-醋酸纤维素复合膜(TECAMs)暴露于10种人工老化土壤中富集萘、菲、芘和苯并[a]芘4种多环芳烃(PAHs),并与土壤模型动物——赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafoetida)进行比较以研究该采样器用于评价土壤中多环芳烃生物可利用性的可能性.研究结果表明,TECAMs能有效富集土壤中萘、菲、芘和苯并[a]芘,并在48h内基本达到平衡,远快于赤子爱胜蚓的21d平衡时间.TECAMs内PAHs含量与土壤溶解有机碳(DOC)含量呈正相关(p<0.05),而与土壤中总有机质(TOM)含量呈负相关(p<0.05),土壤pH对TECAMs富集PAHs的影响不显著(p<0.05).TECAMs内PAHs含量与土壤中PAHs含量、赤子爱胜蚓体内PAHs含量均呈显著线性正相关(p<0.05,p<0.01).研究结果表明TECAMs有可能应用于评价土壤中PAHs的生物可利用性. 相似文献
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除草剂苯噻草胺在土壤中的吸附 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
对除草剂苯噻草胺在6种不同土壤中的吸附行为进行了研究。结果表明,土壤对苯噻草胺有较强的吸附性。在试验浓度范围内,苯噻草胺的土壤吸附行为可用线性吸附模型表征。土壤有机质是影响苯噻草胺吸附行为的重要因素,其吸附系数有随土壤有机质含量增高而增大的趋势。通过在线性吸附系数(Kd)和土壤有机质含量(OM%)之间构建的回归方程:Kd=2.6120 OM% 1.0746,可以预测苯噻草胺的Kd值,其预测的可靠性通过蒙特卡洛模拟得以检验。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲地区湿地土壤对多环芳烃的吸附特征 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
以黄河三角洲湿地土壤为对象,研究菲和苯并[a]芘(BaP)在土壤中的吸附特性.结果表明:菲和BaP在黄河三角洲地区湿地土壤的吸附速率都较快,均能在48h内达到平衡;土壤对菲和BaP的吸附等温线均呈线形,能较好地符合线性和Freundlich方程,样品经H2O2处理后对PAHs的吸附量明显降低,表明土壤中有机与无机矿物组分在吸附过程的作用不同;湿地土壤对多环芳烃的吸附明显存在固体效应,随着土壤颗粒物粒径和体系离子强度的增大,土壤的吸附容量都在降低. 相似文献
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采用批实验研究了华北平原地下水中检出率较高的三氯乙烯和甲苯在沿污水河包气带不同深度土壤中的吸附情况。从3个地点分析结果来看,其中有机碳(OC)的质量分数均较低(最高为1.01%)。在河床和近河处土壤对甲苯和三氯乙烯的吸附总体上呈现出浅部土壤吸附性强的特点。在实验浓度范围内,土壤中无机矿物对有机污染物(特别是三氯乙烯)的表面吸附扮演了重要角色。土壤对甲苯的吸附表现出了强烈的非线性,而对三氯乙烯的吸附表现出了良好的线性关系。甲苯的吸附与土壤有机碳质量分数的关系要比三氯乙烯更密切,这说明了吸附作用过程与有机化合物的分子结构、疏水性等方面的性质也有关系。 相似文献
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典型农耕区黑土和沼泽土团聚体颗粒中重金属的分布特征解析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
了解重金属在土壤中的富集特征是其风险评价和土壤修复的基础。分别以黑龙江省典型的农耕黑土和沼泽土为研究对象,采用干筛法获得〉4000、4000~2000、2000~1000、1000~250、250~53和〈53衄16个粒级的土壤团聚体颗粒组。利用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定了本土和各级团聚体颗粒中Cr、Cd、As和Pb的含量,并对其颗粒组分布特征及对有机碳的响应进行了解析。研究表明,2种土壤中的重金属Cr、Cd和Pb的富集因子均大于1,而As则存在明显的流失。除了黑土中的As和Pb外,其他重金属随着团聚体粒径的增加而呈现富集减弱的趋势。其中,cr和cd主要趋向分布在粉.黏团聚体(〈53wn)颗粒中;Pb在黑土中易赋存于1000~2000μm大团聚体中,在沼泽土中则富集于53~250μm的微团聚体中;As不但趋向被吸附在53~250μm的微团聚体中,而且在黑土中也容易被吸附在〉l000μm的大团聚体中。金属质量负载计算表明,大粒径颗粒组对土壤中重金属含量的总体贡献较大。土壤中有机碳含量均随着团聚体粒径减小而升高,cr和Cd分布与颗粒有机碳含量正相关,黑土中As的分布与颗粒中有机碳含量负相关而在沼泽土中呈弱正相关,Pb的分布则与有机碳含量均无明显的相关性。 相似文献
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春玉米种植密度对土壤有机碳组分的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过西辽河灌区连续3 a的田间试验,研究春玉米不同种植密度(60 000、75 000和90 000株·hm-2)下土壤有机碳组分的质量分数及空间分布特征,阐明了春玉米种植密度对不同层次土壤有机碳组分的影响机制。结果表明:高、低密度均增加土壤0~40 cm土层有机碳质量分数,中密度下促进土壤微生物生物量碳增加。随着种植密度的加大土壤中活性有机碳增加,轻组有机碳减少。玉米生长主要促进10~20 cm土层有机碳的耗损,高密度下促进犁底层(20~40 cm)土壤有机碳质量分数及其活性,使其轻组有机碳减少,微生物生物量碳增加。低密度下主要增加表层(0~10 cm)土壤有机碳质量分数。种植密度通过影响根系群体生物量及其分布,调节土壤微生物活性、残落物碳输入影响土壤有机碳组分。适当的增加春玉米种植密度有利于春玉米农田高产固碳。 相似文献
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The environmental fate of thymol,a novel botanical pesticide,in tropical agricultural soil and water
In this study, the environmental fate of thymol, including hydrolysis, aqueous photolysis, soil sorption and soil degradation, was studied under conditions that simulated the tropical agricultural environment. This study was undertaken to supply basic information for evaluating the environmental risks of applying this new botanical pesticide to tropical crop production. The results showed that the hydrolysis of thymol was pH-dependent and accelerated by acidic conditions and high temperatures. However, the hydrolysis rate was far lower than the aqueous photolysis rate, indicating that direct photolysis is an important dissipation pathway for thymol in water. The sorption of thymol by three tropical soils was consistently well described by the Freundlich model, and the sorption coefficients increased in the order sandy soil < loamy soil < clay soil, a characterization that depended on the organic carbon contents of the soil. The soil degradation rate of thymol decreased in the order sandy soil > loamy soil > clay soil, which has a negative correlation with the sorption of thymol in soils. We concluded that the degradation rates of thymol in tropical soil and water are fast: thymol in water is photodegraded (50%) by sunlight within 28 h, and the thymol in soils is degraded (50%) within 8.4 d. Therefore, the environmental risk to the surrounding soils and water of thymol application for tropical crop production is low. 相似文献
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Lixia JIN Mengchang HE Jinghuan ZHANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(1):59-65
Sorption isotherms of galaxolide (HHCB) of different fractions from two sediments with different mineral and organic carbon contents were determined to compare HHCB sorption behavior and contribution to the total sorption. The HHCB sorption isotherms that used the batch equilibration method were studied on different sediments of different fractions. The sorption isotherms of 600°C heating fractions were detailed using the linear model, while the other fractions were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removed, NaOH extracted, and 375°C heating fractions showed more nonlinear sorption than the original sediments, which suggested more heterogeneous sorption sites in these fractions. Compared to the original sediments, the 375°C heating fractions had higher carbonnormalized distribution coefficient (K oc) values, indicating a higher sorption affinity for HHCB. Among the different sediment fractions, the contribution of the 600°C heating fractions to the overall sorption were the lowest (< 20%), while the 375°C heating fractions were the highest (up to 85%). 相似文献
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喀斯特地区普遍面临生态退化的问题,退耕还林作为其重要的生态恢复措施之一而备受关注。土壤活性有机碳通常较总有机碳对环境变化和干扰更加敏感,此外土壤微生物对环境变化和干扰亦十分敏感。然而,关于喀斯特不同时间尺度退耕还林土壤活性有机碳和微生物的系统研究尚少见报导。为了揭示土壤活性有机碳和微生物对喀斯特生态恢复的快速指示作用,为喀斯特生态恢复评价和生态环境治理提供科学依据,以广西古周村典型喀斯特景观为代表,采用空间代替时间的方法,选取不同年限(2 a、4 a、8 a、12 a)退耕还林地和玉米耕地对照样地,研究了表层土壤微生物指标和活性有机碳指标随退耕还林的变化特征。研究结果显示,较耕地对照相比,退耕还林8 a后,土壤总有机碳(TOC)质量分数才发生显著变化,提升24%;而还林2 a后,土壤水溶性有机碳(WSOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和易氧化有机碳(KMnO4-C)的绝对含量便分别显著提高62%、36%和38%,相对含量分别显著提升60%、34%和36%,且随还林年限的延长呈升高趋势;退耕还林2 a后,土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、基础呼吸(BR)和微生物商(MBC︰TOC)分别显著增加56%、27%和54%,并随还林年限的延长呈逐渐升高趋势;土壤微生物代谢熵(qCO2)在退耕还林2 a后显著降低19%,之后随还林年限延长呈下降趋势。本研究表明,土壤活性有机碳及土壤微生物指标可以作为喀斯特生态恢复的早期指示者。 相似文献
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Mingxing GAO Yingying LI Hong YANG Yucheng GU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(1):1-10
Pymetrozine is a selective insecticide with a unique chemical structure and mode to control hemipteran and homopteran. While pymetrozine has brought great benefits to crop production by killing insects, its residues in soil may have a detrimental effect on environment. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate its behaviors in soil. In this study, the sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils were investigated using a batch equilibrium approach to understand its mobile behavior in the soils. Both sorption and desorption isotherms of pymetrozine were in good agreement with the Freundlich model. The sorption coefficient KF varied between 3.37 and 58.32 mL∙g−1 and the sorption isotherms were nonlinear, with 1/n ranging from 0.57 to 0.91. A regression equation was proposed to predict the sorption of pymetrozine on six different soil samples: log KF = 4.3708 − 4.5709 × log (pH in 0.01mol·L−1 CaCl2) + 0.4700 × log OC% + 0.0057 × sand (%) + 0.0022 × CEC(clay), with R2 = 0.9982. The organic carbon content of soil positively affected the sorption of pymetrozine, but soil pH had a negative effect on the sorption. Additionally, effects of CaCl2 concentration, soil to solution ratio and pesticide form were investigated. The sorption was promoted with an increase in soil to solution ratio and a decrease in CaCl2 concentration. The possible variation of the five formulated products of pymetrozine was also investigated. 相似文献