安捷伦携手澳门科技大学成立联合实验室，共推中医药创新研究和产业升级

2011年12月6日,安捷伦科技公司与澳门科技大学联合宣布,双方在澳门科技大学成立液相色影质谱联合实验室,将国际一流的液相色谱／质谱领先科技引入中药质量研究国家重点实验室（澳门科技大学）,为传统中医药研究的现代化和国际化注入活力,携手为中国中医药创新研究和产业升级贡献力量．     

手性检测器及手性对映体圆二色光谱标识

本文对手性检测的旋光检测器(ORD)和圆二色光谱检测器(CD)的基本原理进行了介绍,并阐述了ORD,CD及紫外光检测器(UV)三者之间的关系.通过ORD与CD两者的比较,圆二色光谱要优于旋光光谱,提出以圆二色光谱特定波长上的康顿效应宏观标识手性对映体.     

三氯苯生产废渣中的有机氯化合物氯苯、多氯联苯及多氯联苯醚的分析

采用柱层析、气相色谱及色-质联用的分析方法,对氯苯生产中的蒸馏残渣进行了研究。样品溶液预先经氧化铝柱分离,然后对各组份进行鉴定和分析。初步结果表明,残渣中除含有二、三、四、五、六氯代苯类及多种六六六异构体外,尚包括对环境及人体健康有较大危害作用的三、四、五、六、七氯联苯及五、六、七、八氯代联苯醚类。     

赤霉素浓度对色木槭(Acer mono Maxim.)种子萌发的影响

岷江上游彩叶林生态系统是我国西南地区特有的关键生态系统类型,具有水源涵养、水土保持和气候调节等重要的生态功能,而且具有显著的景观美学价值,是区域特色生态旅游经济的重要基础.由于受到自然灾害破坏和水电站的修建等人为干扰,目前岷江上游彩叶林系统毁坏严重且残存量不多,亟待恢复和重建.色木槭(Acer mono Maxim.)是川西地区彩叶林生态系统的代表性树种,探究其种子萌发特性对岷江上游彩叶林系统的恢复重建具有重要意义.种子萌发实验在人工气候箱内进行,采用0、100、200、300、400、500 mg/L 6个赤霉素浓度对色木槭种子进行浸种处理,在25℃条件下进行萌发,统计种子萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数,并测定色木槭种子在萌发过程中内部贮藏物质可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉和淀粉酶活性的变化.结果显示,色木槭种子在200 mg/L浓度赤霉素浸种24 h后,其萌发率为29.33%±1.89%,发芽势为9.66%±1.25%,发芽指数为8.69±8.32,均显著高于对照水平.本研究表明赤霉素浓度对色木槭种子的可溶性蛋白含量、淀粉含量和淀粉酶活性影响显著,对可溶性糖含量无显著性影响;种子内部贮藏物质含量在不同的萌发时期有显著差异.色木槭种子的最适赤霉素浓度为200 mg/L,在生产中使用200 mg/L赤霉素浸种能有效增加色木槭的萌发率.上述结果可为色木槭的快速繁育和亚高山彩叶林恢复重建提供技术支持.(图3参25)     

聚硅酸金属盐絮凝剂的制备和絮凝性能

本文对制备聚硅酸金属盐絮凝剂的条件及其絮凝除浊除色效果进行了实验研究。结果表明，在适当酸化ｐＨ条件下，进行硅酸与金属离子聚合反应，可获得具有较高分子量的ＰＳＭＳ。低浓度ＰＳＭＳ可以保持较长稳定时间，与传统铝、铁盐凝聚剂相比，ＰＳＭＳ可显著提高并改善絮凝除浊除腐植酸的效果，这种ＰＳＭＳ絮凝剂更适合于水厂现场制备投加。     

色楞金斯克制浆造纸厂废水和固体废物的回收利用

色楞金斯克制浆造纸厂位于距贝加尔湖60公里的色楞格河畔,年产17万吨未漂白纸浆,按照苏联政府1987年法令,该厂必须在1992年停止向色愣格河排放废水。本文讨论有助于使废水排放量减少90％（1989年减少到5000米~3/日 ）和到1992年使水全部回收利用成为可能的途径。如本文所述在色愣金斯克使用的技术,包括固体废物利用技术,是向着使该厂在生态上适合于受特别保护的贝加尔湖集水盆地前进了一大步。色楞金斯克厂西伯利亚制浆造纸工程研究所的工作人员也许能帮助有兴趣的同行发展类似的技术。     

果子狸肉丸子的试制研究

为加大对果子狸开发利用力度，满足人们生活需要，特进行果子狸胡萝卜肉丸子试制．试验表明：将果子狸肉用五倍清水漂洗三次，果子狸肉：肉=5：4，用盐量为3％，淀粉用量20％，胡萝卜用量12％，在10～15℃下擂溃30min，成型后在95～100℃下加热熟化20min即可得到味美、色佳、弹性良好的果子狸胡萝卜肉丸子制品。     

污染水中还原性指标相关性探讨

本文介绍了模拟污染水中还原性指标ARs,MRS,BPM,COD,BOD的相关性,以及它们与衡量水变黑程度色阈值之间的关系。     

白洋淀地区水中有机污染物的定性分析

本文通过液－液萃取，色－质谱联用技术，ＨＰ－５型石英毛细管对白洋淀地区三个有琐代表性的取样点水样进行了有机物定性分析，分离出几十种有机化合物，将化合物的种类，数量，相对大小进行比较，分析结果表明，白洋淀地区水样中，石油烃类及有毒有害有机物污染较严重，不同取样点中污染的浓度种类各不相同，水层较浅，人为搅动较大的地区水样中，有机物的种类及浓度表现明显增加，说明水体沉积物和陆地土壤中的颗粒对有机污染物有     

论大学生如何做人

学会做人是中华民族优秀的文化传统,也是现代社会的普遍法则,中外一致,古今同理.本文从大学生学会做人的理论依据,学会做人的准则及如何做人三方面,阐述了如何做一个人人喜欢的对社会有用的人.     

糟制湘菜开发现状与市场前景

阐述了湘菜与糟制品的起源、发生、发展与特色,分析了国内外研究现状与发展趋势,通过借鉴传统糟制品生产工艺,将湘菜所特有的风味融入传统糟制品中,开发出适合大众口味的糟制湘菜,经济效益高,市场前景好.     

Prediction of total bed material load for rivers in Malaysia: A case study of Langat,Muda and Kurau Rivers

A soft computational technique is applied to predict sediment loads in three Malaysian rivers. The feed forward-back propagated (schemes) artificial neural network (ANNs) architecture is employed without any restriction to an extensive database compiled from measurements in Langat, Muda, Kurau different rivers. The ANN method demonstrated a superior performance compared to other traditional sediment-load methods. The coefficient of determination, 0.958 and the mean square error 0.0698 of the ANN method are higher than those of the traditional method. The performance of the ANN method demonstrates its predictive capability and the possibility of generalization of the modeling to nonlinear problems for river engineering applications.     

Acetaldehyde contamination of water,alcoholic, and non-alcoholic beverages stored in glass or plastic bottles

Acetaldehyde is a naturally found chemical in food substances characterized by a fruity aroma at low levels. However, high levels of acetaldehyde can add to or change the taste of foods and beverages. More importantly, acetaldehyde has recently been found to be possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In this investigation, the amounts of acetaldehyde in several alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages consumed in Greece, including red or white wine, retsina, tsipouro, grappa, fruit-based liqueurs, beers with different alcohol content as well as mineral water, soft drinks, and fruit juices were measured. The analytical method used is based on derivatization of acetaldehyde with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and its subsequent measurement using high performance liquid chromatography. High concentrations (median, min–max) were detected in grappa (29.4, 29.2–52.7 mg L^?1) and tsipouro (17.1, 0.8–55.6 mg L^?1), followed by beer (6.8, 6.7–6.9 mg L^?1) and red wine (3.7, 1.6–29.4 mg L^?1); the lowest levels were detected in soft drinks (0.067, 0.033–0.075 mg L^?1) and mineral water (0.04, 0.002--0.096 mg L^?1). Levels of acetaldehyde in retsina were very high (68.1, 63.9--68.3 mg L^?1) when after opening, the wine remained in plastic bottles for a long time, much higher than in samples taken from just opened bottles (7.2, 7.1–7.4 mg L^?1). The amount of acetaldehyde shows some positive correlation to the alcoholic content. These results suggest that regulatory measures and consumer guidance may be necessary for acetaldehyde in beverages.     

Dark, bitter-tasting nectar functions as a filter of flower visitors in a bird-pollinated plant

Floral nectar is offered by plants to animals as a reward for pollination. While nectar is typically a clear liquid containing sugar and trace amounts of amino acids, colored nectar has evolved in several plant families. Here we explore the functional significance of the phenolic compounds that impart a dark brown color to the nectar of the South African succulent shrub Aloe vryheidensis. Flowers of this aloe are visited for their nectar by a suite of short-billed birds that are occasional nectarivores, including bulbuls, white-eyes, rock thrushes, and chats. Dark-capped Bulbuls were more likely to probe model flowers containing dark nectar than those containing clear nectar, suggesting a potential signaling function for dark nectar. However, the main effect of the phenolics appears to be to repel "unwanted" nectarivores that find their bitter taste unpalatable. Nectar-feeding honey bees and sunbirds are morphologically mismatched for pollinating A. vryheidensis flowers and strongly reject its nectar. However, the frugivorous and insectivorous birds that effectively pollinate this aloe are seemingly unaffected by the nectar's bitter taste. Thus the dark phenolic component of the nectar appears to function as a floral filter by attracting some animals visually and deterring others by its taste.     

Responses of three mouse species to deterrent chemicals in the monarch butterfly. I. Taste and toxicity tests using artificial diets laced with digitoxin or monocrotaline

Summary Of three common mouse species at the Mexican overwintering sites of the monarch butterfly, onlyPeromyscus melanotis eats monarchs. We hypothesized thatP. aztecus andReithrodontomys sumichrasti reject monarchs because they are more sensitive to the bitter taste and/or toxic effects of the cardiac glycosides (CGs) and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in the butterflies. Two-choice preference tests revealed no difference in taste avoidance thresholds to free base and N-oxide forms of the PA, monocrotaline, but very different avoidance thresholds to the CG, digitoxin. Avoidance thresholds forR. sumichrasti andP. aztecus were, in respective order, 1020 and 34 times less than that forP. melanotis. We also tested the toxic sensitivity of juvenile mice by chronically feeding diets containing digitoxin or monocrotaline at concentrations similar to those used in the preference tests. No species developed CG toxicity, but bothP. melanotis andP. aztecus developed moderate PA toxicity (R. sumichrasti was not tested for PA toxicity).P. aztecus grew more slowly and manyP. melanotis had hepatic metabolic lesions. Thus, the three mouse species responded very differently to the taste and toxic properties of CGs and PAs at ecologically relevant concentrations: 1) CGs were taste rejected by all species exceptP. melanotis, while PAs were not; and 2) PAs were toxic, while CGs were not.     

Simultaneous analysis of five taste and odor compounds in surface water using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

In this paper, a method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to simultaneously analyze five taste and odor compounds in surface water, i.e., 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IPMP), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IBMP), and trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin, GSM). The mass spectrometry was operated in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Three kinds of SPE columns and three eluting solvents were compared, the C18 column was chosen as optimum SPE column, and methanol was chosen as the optimum eluting solvent. It was found that the method showed good linearity in the range of 1–200 ng·L^-1 and gave detection limits of 0.5–1.5 ng·L^-1 for individual compounds. Good recoveries (93.5%–108%) and relative standard deviations (1.58%–7.31%) were also obtained. Additionally, concentrations of these taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s surface and drinking water were analyzed by applying this method, and the results showed that GSM and 2-MIB were the dominant taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s raw water.     

Soft song in song sparrows: response of males and females to an enigmatic signal

Low-amplitude “soft song” is used by a variety of songbirds; in some species during aggressive encounters, in others during courtship, and yet others in both these contexts. In song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), soft song has thus far been observed only in aggressive encounters, where its production is a more reliable predictor of attack than any other signaling behavior. We used song playback to test the response of both male and female song sparrows to soft song. The design of the playback experiments took into account the existence of two classes of soft song: crystallized soft song, which consists of song types also found in the broadcast repertoire, and warbled soft song, which consists of less-structured song types not found in the broadcast repertoire. Female song sparrows responded with significantly less courtship display to the playback of crystallized soft song than to that of normal broadcast song, and response to warbled soft song was if anything lower than to that of crystallized soft song. Male song sparrows responded equally aggressively to normal broadcast song as to crystallized soft song, and equally aggressively to warbled soft song as to crystallized soft song. The female results support the conclusion that neither form of soft song functions in courtship. The male results suggest that the reliability of soft song as a signal of aggressive intent is not maintained by a receiver retaliation rule.     

Nanosensors for food quality and safety assessment

Food toxins are produced as defense tools by microorganisms that use nutrients for their growth. Microorganisms thus spoil food, taste and can infect humans, sometimes leading to death. Food adulteration and brand protection are also major issues in the food industry. Here we review the use of nanomaterials for sensing food quality. Nanosensors can detect pathogenic bacteria, food-contaminating toxins, adulterant, vitamins, dyes, fertilizers, pesticides, taste and smell. Food freshness can be monitored using time–temperature and oxygen indicators. Product authenticity and brand protection can be assessed using invisible nanobarcodes. Overall, nanosensors with unique properties are improving food security.     

Kinetics of oxidation of dimethyl trisulfide by potassium permanganate in drinking water

Metabolites of algae such as geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol etc. are reported to induce pungent odors into drinking water and attract additional scientific attention. Recently, in China, taste and odor outbreaks in drinking water supply have become increasingly common. In source water affected by eutrophication, dimethyl trisulfide, speculated to be produced by decayed algae, was found to be the source of taste and odor issues and can be removed effectively by usual oxidation agents. In this experimental study, batch scale tests were carried out focusing on the removal of dimethyl trisulfide. Reaction kinetics of dimethyl trisulfide oxidized by potassium permanganate in water had been studied; influence factors such as pH, organic substrate, other existed taste, and odor contaminant in equivalent concentration were also discussed. Results showed that dimethyl trisulfide can be removed by potassium permanganate efficiently; the ratio can reach more than 70% with oxidant dosage of 4 mg·L^-1 and contact time prolonged to 120 min. The dimethyl trisulfide decomposition followed a second-order kinetics pattern with a rate constant k = 0.00213 L·(min·mg)^-1. Typically, the degradation rate of dimethyl trisulfide was increased with the increasing KMnO₄ dosage, but dramatically dropped with the increasing levels of humic acid (1.8–4.5 mg·L^-1) and other odor-causing compounds (e.g. β-cyclocitral, 0–1886.0 μg·L^-1). Solution pH (5.2–9.0) and initial dimethyl trisulfide concentration did not significantly affected the degradation. This study demonstrates that KMnO₄ oxidation is an effective option to remove dimethyl trisulfide from water.