交联壳聚糖乙酯酯冠醚对金属离子的吸附性能研究

本文合成了二苯并－１６－冠－５－氯代乙酸酯冠醚和３，５－二叔丁基－二苯并－１４－冠－４－双氯代乙酸酯冠醚 ，然后分别将之与交联壳聚糖反应，制备了交联壳聚糖二苯并－１６－冠－５－乙酸酯冠醚 和交联壳聚糖３，５－二叔丁基－二苯并－１４－冠－４－双乙酸酯冠醚，并研究了它们对Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｃｒ＾３＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋的吸附性能。结果表明这两种吸附剂对Ｐｂ＾２３＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋有较高的吸附选择     

新型交联壳聚糖材料对地下水重金属Zn~(2+)的吸附性能

地下水重金属污染的原位修复技术研究日益受到关注.利用课题组研发的聚乙二醇(PEG400)作为交联剂合成的新型交联壳聚糖材料,用该新型材料吸附地下水中重金属Zn~(2+),探讨CTS:PEG比例和Zn~(2+)印迹量对吸附效果的影响,通过该材料对Zn~(2+)的吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及吸附热力学关系,讨论其吸附的内在机理.研究发现CTS:PEG=1:2和印迹的Zn~(2+)量是0.5%的交联壳聚糖,去除重金属Zn~(2+)的效率最高;其非平衡吸附遵循准二级动力学模型,吸附速率为0.1260mg·g~(-1)·h~(-1);在20℃,溶液pH值为7条件下,PEG-CTS对Zn~(2+)的最大吸附容量是18.20 mg·g~(-1),平均吸附能量是9.66kJ·mol~(-1);化学吸附为主,也包含物理吸附.     

南黄海沉积物间隙水中重金属(Fe,Mn,Cu,Co,Ni)的地球化学特征

本文主要研究了南黄海(32°N)沉积物间隙水中的Fe,Mn,Cu,Co,Ni与其硫化物及粘土矿物间的关系,结果表明:间隙水中的Mn~(2+),Cu~(2+)硫化物趋向于沉淀,Co~(2+),Ni~(2+)硫化物趋向于溶解,Fe~(2+)则有其硫化物的溶解-沉淀控制,Mn~(2+),Cu~(2+)还有其他体系和硫化物体系共同控制其浓度,间隙水中的Fe~(2+)可被蒙脱石吸附,Mn~(2+)被绿泥石吸附,Ca~(2+),Ni~(2+)被蒙脱石、绿泥石吸附,Co~(2+)被绿泥石、蒙脱石吸附,Fe~(2+),Mn~(2+)对粘土矿物吸附剂的专属性要求远比Cu~(2+),Co~(2地+),Ni~(2+)高,蒙脱石是南黄海沉积物中最重要的阳离子吸附剂,绿泥石次之。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯与交联淀粉的接枝共聚物的制备及产物对水中微量金属离子的吸附

本文以硝酸铈铵为引发剂,制得了甲基丙烯酸甲酯与交联玉米淀粉的接枝共聚物,当〔Ce~(4+)〕为5×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)、〔MMA〕为7.52×10~(-1)mol.L~(-1),于50℃反应4h,所得接枝共聚物的接枝率和接枝效率都较高。将接枝共聚物分别与NH_2OH及KH_2NH_2反应,所得的产物具有对Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+)等金属离子的吸附能力。     

锆负载交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及硫酸根吸附性能

以壳聚糖为原料,利用反相悬浮法制备甲醛-戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂,后与Zr4+反应制备锆负载交联壳聚糖吸附剂,用于吸附废水中SO2-4.运用红外光谱对吸附剂结构进行表征,采用静态吸附法考察负载条件对吸附量的影响及吸附剂重复使用性能.结果表明,交联反应主要发生在壳聚糖的氨基(—NH2)和一级羟基(C6—OH)上;锆负载过程中锆离子可负载于交联壳聚糖的氨基(—NH2)和羟基(—OH)上;最优条件即当Zr4+初始浓度为500 mg·L-1,体系pH值为3,负载时间为4 h时,锆负载交联壳聚糖吸附剂对SO2-4的吸附量达到最大为55.65 mg·g-1;用NaOH可有效恢复吸附剂,再生后的吸附剂吸附性能良好.     

硅酸钙-壳聚糖聚合物制备及其对重金属废水的吸附特性

使用溶液共混法制备出硅酸钙-壳聚糖聚合物,同时采用FT-IR、XRD等方法对制备的硅酸钙-壳聚糖聚合物进行表征,并分别对壳聚糖、硅酸钙、硅酸钙-壳聚糖聚合物吸附去除重金属废水的特性进行了初步研究.结果表明,硅酸钙-壳聚糖聚合物在制备过程中晶型发生变化,结晶度降低;硅酸钙-壳聚糖聚合物对各重金属离子的吸附能力最强,其对Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)的最大吸附量分别为167.01、192.30、232.47、174.71、162.33 mg·g~(-1);重要的是,硅酸钙-壳聚糖聚合物可在酸性环境下更有效吸附去除废水中重金属离子.     

花生壳和松木屑制备的生物炭对Cu~(2+)的吸附研究

为了深入了解生物炭施用对重金属环境行为和风险的影响,研究了生物炭吸附Cu~(2+)的机理。以花生壳和松木屑为原料,采用限氧升温炭化法,在200~500℃热裂解制得8种生物炭,并通过元素分析仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析(FITR)和扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM/EDS)对其进行了表征。同时,采用批试验方法研究了生物炭对Cu~(2+)吸附行为。研究结果表明,(1)热解温度越高,灰分含量越多,p H增大,生物炭芳构化程度越高,比表面积更大;(2)Cu~(2+)在生物炭上的吸附动力学划分为快吸附和慢吸附两个一级动力学阶段,其中快室是生物炭表面含氧官能团如羧基(-COOH)、酚羟基(-OH)等与重金属离子相互作用的吸附,慢速室是生物炭通过颗粒内扩散作用被生物炭吸附;(3)FM模型更适合于对花生壳和松木屑制备的生物炭吸附Cu~(2+)的数据进行拟合,所得非线性指数(n)的值在0.23~0.67之间且随热解温度升高n值越来越小;(4)在热解温度为200~500℃,花生壳生物炭对Cu~(2+)的吸附量先下降后增加且PS5对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能最佳;而松木生物炭对Cu~(2+)的吸附量没有明显的规律性变化,但PC2对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能最佳。     

生物炭修饰材料对嘉陵江(川渝段)沿岸土吸附Cu2+的影响

为了探索生物炭修饰材料对嘉陵江流域沿岸土吸附Cu~(2+)的影响,采用生物炭(B)、磁化生物炭(MB)以及50%和100%CEC十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)修饰MB(分别以50%BS-MB和100%BS-MB表示)作为炭修饰材料,分别将其以1%(质量比)加入嘉陵江流域(川渝段)内苍溪(CX)、南部(NB)、嘉陵(JL)和合川(HC)沿岸土中,共计形成20个混合土样(以原土作为对照),批处理法研究各样品对Cu~(2+)的等温吸附和热力学特征,并对比不同温度、pH值和离子强度下的吸附差异.结果表明,不同混合土样对Cu~(2+)吸附等温线均呈"L"型且符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量q_m保持在62.20—308.88 mmol·kg~(-1)之间.相同生物炭修饰材料添加下Cu~(2+)吸附量表现为JLNBCXHC的趋势.20—40℃范围内,各混合土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均随温度的升高而增加,表现为增温正效应.离子强度从0.01 mol·L~(-1)增加到0.1 mol·L~(-1),各混合土样(除HC外)对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均呈现先增后降的趋势.pH值升高有利于混合土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附.各混合土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附是一个自发、吸热和熵增的反应过程,且CEC和比表面积是决定混合土样对Cu~(2+)吸附效果的关键.     

FTIR研究非完全脱乙酰甲壳质对金属离子的吸附机理

以傅立叶交换红外光谱(FTIR)法研究了非完全脱乙酰甲壳质(NCTS)与Cu~ (2+),Ni~(2+),Co~(1+),Zn~(2+),Cd(2+),Hg~(2+),Ag~+,Pb~(2+)等八种金属离子形成的配合物的结构特征,并对各配合物在4000—400cm~(-1)范围内的主要吸收带作了经验归属.研究结果表明,在NCTS的金属离子配合物中,除—NH_2,—OH参予了配位外,羰基((?)C=O)和酰胺基(—CONH—)亦在不同程度上参予了配位;NCTS对Hg~(2+),Ag~+的吸附过程中存在着明显的氧化还原现象,Hg~(2+),Ag~+,分别被还原为Hg_2~(2+)和Ag~0,而NCTS分子中的—CH_2OH有可能被氧化成—COOH.     

4种含氮杂环和氧杂有机锡类物质被提议为高关注物质

<正>2014年7月29日德国和奥地利计划向ECHA提议将4种含氮杂环和氧杂有机锡类化学物质列为高度关注物质:2-苯并三唑-2-基-4,6-二-叔丁基苯酚(UV-320)2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-二叔戊基苯酚(UV-328)2-乙基己基10-乙基-4,4-二辛基-7-氧-8-氧杂-3,5-二噻-4-十四烷酸锡(DOTE)2-乙基己基10-乙基-4-[[2-[(2-乙基己基(氧基)-2-氧代乙基]硫基]-4-辛基-7-氧代-8-氧杂-3,5-二噻-4-十四烷酸锡(MOTE)。     

Concentrations of some elements in the sediments of a river in Anhui Province,China

A total of 49 sediment samples from New Bian River near the city of Suzhou in northern Anhui Province, China, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Ni. Geoaccumulation indices (I_geo) were used to assess the influence of human activities. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were also performed. The geoaccumulation indices were in the order of As > Cu > Cr > Ni > Mn > Zn > Pb > Fe, the first four of which had values above 0.5. We considered New Bian River to be moderately contaminated with As, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the presence of Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, and Pb in New Bian River was caused by soil or rock weathering, whereas the elevated levels of As and Cr depended upon urban, agricultural, and industrial factors. The sampling stations around the towns were dominated by Component 2 (As and Cr), and the sampling stations that distributed along New Bian River were dominated by Component 1 (Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, and Pb).     

Trace metal concentrations in cigarette brands commonly available in Turkey: relation with human health

In this study, the concentrations of Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr, and Cd were determined in 15 cigarette brands from Turkey by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). A wet digestion method was employed to cigarette samples. The mean values obtained for Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr, and Cd were 1.2, 4.1, 134, 14, 66, 3.7, 5.0, and 1.1?µg?g^?1, respectively, i.e., in the order of Fe?>?Mn?>?Cu?>?Cr?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?Co?>?Cd. The results were compared with the literature values for other international cigarette brands.     

花生壳吸附Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋、Cd^2＋、Ni^2＋的动力学和热力学研究

以花生壳为生物吸附剂,通过序批式实验研究了吸附剂投量、吸附时间、金属离子初始质量浓度、吸附温度对吸附金属离子的影响,探讨了花生壳吸附的动力学及热力学特性。结果表明,准二级动力学方程能很好地描述花生壳对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋、Cd^2＋、Ni^2＋的吸附过程。Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型均能较好地描述花生壳对5种重金属离子的等温吸附过程,而Langmuir模型拟合的线性更好。Pb2＋、Cu2＋、Cr3＋、Cd2＋、Ni2＋5种金属离子的最大吸附量分别是32.25、7.09、3.82、2.95、2.22 mg.g-1,花生壳可用于处理低质量浓度多种重金属混合的废水。热力学研究表明,花生壳对5种金属离子的吸附具有自发、吸热和熵增的特性。     

宝鸡城市街尘、土壤及河流沉积物重金属形态迁移特征

在宝鸡城市街尘、土壤及河流沉积物基本理化性质和重金属元素含量分析的基础上,重点研究了重金属元素在街尘、土壤及河流沉积物中的赋存形态和迁移特征.结果表明:在街尘中Cu主要以可氧化态和残余态形式存在,Pb主要以可还原态和可氧化态形式存在,Zn和Cd主要以乙酸可提取态形式存在,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cr主要以残余态形式存在...     

Toxicity evaluation of a complex metal mixture to the softshell clam Mya arenaria

Adults of the softshell clam Mya arenaria were continuously subjected to a flowing raw seawater solution containing a mixture of salts of manganese, zinc, lead, nickel, copper, and cadmium. Final calculated concentrations, in g l^-1, of the toxicant solution were 7200 Mn, 2500 Zn, 70 Pb, 50 Ni, 50 Cu and 1 Cd; these concentrations approximated highest measured levels within surficial interstitial sediment waters from mid-Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. M. arenaria were also subjected to a 20% solution, i.e., 1440 Mn, 500 Zn, 14 Pb, 10 Ni, 10 Cu, and 0.2 g l^-1 Cd. One study was conducted for 112 days in winter at 0° to 10°C and another for 16 days in summer at 16° to 22°C. In the winter study, all clams exposed to a 100% solution died between the 4th and 10th week; soft parts of survivors at 6 weeks contained about 19 times more Pb, 15 x more Zn, 12 x more Cu, 10 x more Mn, 3 x more Ni and 0.1 x more Cd than controls; relatively minor changes in whole body elemental content of Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Sr, and V were observed. Clams exposed to a 20% solution during winter survived the 112 day study; at that time these contained about 5 x more Cu, 4 x more Mn, 3 x more Zn and about 2 x more Pb than controls; comparatively minor changes were observed in other elements examined. In the summer study, all M. arenaria subjected to the 100% solution died between 6 and 14 days; survivors from this group at 7 days contained about 25 x more Pb, 13 x more Cu, 11 x more Zn, 7 x more Mn, and 3 x more Ni than controls; other changes in elemental content were not as pronounced. Mortality in the 20% group during summer was slightly higher than controls during the 16 day study; at 14 days survivors from this group contained about 12 x more Mn, 7 x more Pb, 7 x more Zn, 4 x more Cu, and 3 x more Ni than controls. Survival and bioaccumulation patterns were not altered through feeding a supplemental diet of algae. The significance of these findings are discussed in terms of potential environmental perturbations, especially local dredging practices.     

Assessment of metal contamination in soil banks of the Rhumel wadi (Northeast Algeria)

Levels of six trace metals were assessed in bank soils of the Rhumel wadi (Northeast Algeria) and their association with soil properties was investigated. Samples were collected at 10 sites. The soils are neutral to moderately alkaline, have high contents of carbonate, and are low in organic carbon and clay. Mean metal concentrations are 1.1 (Cd), 63 (Cr), 20 (Cu), 26 (Ni), 31 (Pb), and 98 (Zn) mg kg^?1. The Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents in soil from sites closest to Constantine City were higher than in uncontaminated soils worldwide, indicating accumulation due to human activities (residential, industrial, and agricultural). Statistical analyses (correlation and principal component analysis) demonstrated that Cd, Pb, and Zn are of anthropogenic origin in the urban areas, whereas Cr and Cu enrichment in some situations is caused by industrial activities, while Ni was geogenic.     

哌嗪氨基二硫代甲酸型螯合树脂的合成及其吸附性能

用哌嗪和二硫化碳反应合成氨基二硫代甲酸中间体，再与二卤代烃反应得到1，4-双(二硫代酯基)哌嗪聚合物，考察了中间体和螯合树脂对Ag^ ，Cu^2 ，Zn^2 ，Ni^2 ，CO^2 ，Pb^2 ，Pd^2 ，Cr^3 的静态吸附性能，结果表明，两者均可以吸附金属离子，缩聚后的螯合树脂具有更强的吸附能力。     

淮南市城区地表灰尘重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

城市地表灰尘中重金属会对人体健康和生态环境产生危害,为研究城市中不同功能区地表灰尘重金属的含量和潜在生态危害水平,以典型煤炭资源型城市淮南市的地表灰尘为研究对象,采集工业区、商业区、交通区、文教区、居住区和公园绿地等6种功能用地共40个点位的地表灰尘。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）和DMA-80直接测汞仪测定Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd、Ni、Co、V、Hg的含量,分析其在不同功能区地表灰尘中的分布特征、相关性及可能的来源;并应用潜在生态危害指数法对重金属在不同功能区的潜在生态危害进行评价。结果表明：1）淮南市地表灰尘中 Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd、Ni、Co、V、Hg的平均质量分数分别是202.59、74.63、62.74、110.69、0.57、35.82、12.18、50.95和0.105 mg·kg-1,其中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd、Ni、Hg的平均含量分别是淮南市土壤背景值的3.47、3.17、2.04、1.21、9.50、1.12、2.56倍,是中国土壤背景值的2.73、2.87、2.78、1.81、5.88、1.33、1.62倍。2）9种重金属中,Zn和V的含量在不同功能区分布相对均匀,其他重金属在不同功能区含量均表现出较明显的空间异质性。3）不同功能区中,Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、Co、V、Hg的平均含量在工业区最高,Cr 和 Cd 的平均含量在交通区最高。4）不同重金属的相关性表明,Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Ni 等5种元素有同一来源,Co 和 V 有同一来源。5）单项潜在生态危害系数大小为 Cd〉Hg〉〉Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Co〉Zn〉Cr〉V。不同功能区9种重金属复合生态危害均处于强生态危害水平（300≤RI〈600）,其中工业区和交通区潜在生态危害水平最高。     

Sources and risk assessment of metal contamination in soils at the international airport of Shanghai,China

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni in soils at the Pudong International Airport (PIA) of Shanghai, China, were determined to assess the sources and potential ecological risks. Compared to the soil background values of Shanghai, 31 soil samples out of 33 were highly contaminated with Cd, and 76% were moderately contaminated by Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis indicated that Pb and Cd mainly originated from anthropogenic sources, while Zn, Cr, Ni, and Cu were mainly from natural sources. Relatively high concentrations of Cd and Pb were observed at sampling points near the landing or take-off sites or a close-by highway. Both air and highway traffic affected the quality of the soils at PIA.     

Ecotoxicity assessment of soil irrigated with domestic wastewater using different extractions

The toxicity of soil irrigated with treated domestic wastewater (site A) and untreated gray wastewater (site B) were investigated. Soil extracts were prepared using distilled water, acid solvent (0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl), and organic solvent (acetone:petroleum ether:cyclohexane= 1:1:1) to understand the type of pollutants responsible for the ecotoxicity associated with wastewater irrigation. The soil toxicity was assessed using a luminescence inhibition assay with Vibrio fischeri for acute toxicity, a micronucleus assay with Vicia faba root tips and a single cell gel electrophoresis assay of mice lymphocytes for genotoxicity. The physicochemical properties and the heavy metal (HM) contents of the irrigated soil were also analyzed. The results indicated that the wastewater irrigation at site A had no effects on the soil properties. With the exception of Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn, the accumulation of HMs (Cu, Ni, and Cr) occurred. However, the irrigation at site A did not result in obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity in the soil. The soil properties changed greatly, and HMs (Cu, Ni, and Cr) accumulated in site B. There were significant increases in the acute toxic and genotoxic effects in the soils from site B. The ecotoxicity in site B came primarily from organic-extractable pollutants.