三维植被网喷播植草技术在高速公路边坡上的应用

三维网喷播植草是一种能在纯石质边坡上进行绿化的新工艺。文章介绍了该技术的施工工艺和质量检验标准，并在广惠高速公路边坡进行应用试验。试验结果表明，该技术绿化防护效果较好，适应当地气候条件。     

武汉市生态用地发展潜力分析

根据国家与湖北省的相关政策、规定,以土地利用图和基本农田保护规划图为基础,利用GIS对武汉市的生态用地潜力进行分析。结果表明,其可用土地规模为51 028.75～113 537.77 hm2,如能全部用于林业建设,则全市的林木绿化率仅此就可以增加6.01%～13.37%。其中未利用土地如全部用于林业建设可以增加森林覆盖率4.1%,其他的水岸、道路、坡耕地等的绿化潜力为1.91%～9.27%。目前的林业生态建设应该首先以挖掘未利用土地的绿化潜力为主,适当增加其他类型用地向林业生态用途的转化。     

武汉市“三废”排放的库兹涅茨特征及原因探析

通过分析武汉市1985-2001年近16年的“三废”排放量变化情况，发现武汉市“三废”的排放总量在波动中呈现上升趋势，但各类排放的时间规律相差明显。建立模型，将其人均GDP与“三废”排放的标准化值进行拟合，其计算结果显示：武汉市“三废”排放与人均GDP之间存在比较明显的三次曲线特征，在1985-1994年曲线呈持续下降趋势，而1995-2001年曲线初步显现出标准的环境库兹涅茨曲线。理论计算表明：武汉市“三废”排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线的转折点为人均GDP为12338．46元左右。通过环境经济学分析发现武汉市的经济发展、产业结构变动、能源结构变动和环境政策等4项因素是武汉市出现非标准环境库兹涅茨曲线的主要原因。     

城市绿化树种的选择与配置：以兰州市四固工业区为例

本文以地处中国西北干旱区的兰州市西固工业区为例，考察了该区绿化历史和现状，在此基础上，指出城市绿化树种的选择必须符合当地自然地理特征、城市发展状况、环境污染特征的原则，树种的配置应充分考虑绿化效益的发挥，同时兼顾经济可行性，并对兰州市西固工业区绿化提出了针对性的建议。     

城市绿化树种的选择与配置——以兰州市西固工业区为例

本文以地处中国西北干旱区的兰州市西固工业区为例，考察了该区绿化历史和现状，在此基础上，指出城市绿化树种的选择必须符合当地自然地理特征、城市发展状况、环境污染特征的原则，树种的配置应充分考虑绿化效益的发挥，同时兼顾经济可行性，并对兰州市西固工业区绿化提出了针对性的建议。     

浅议墙面绿化设计

对传统的墙面绿化形式进行了总结和分析,同时通过实例研究了新的墙面绿化系统的组成,对比了不同的墙面绿化系统的优势、缺点以及墙面绿化存在的问题.图6,参3.     

城区大气污染物—NOx浓度预测预报模式研究

利用道路边大气污染的常年监测数据，对风向与无限线源成任意角的高斯内插大气扩散模式进行了系统测试，分析了影响预报精度的主要因素，在分析武汉市气象因素和天气状况的基础上，对模式进行了恰当地修正，经实测数据验证，预报准确度有了明显地提高。     

边坡绿化工程的设计与分析

为了满足现代城市绿化的要求，采用土工加筋材料进行城市高边坡挡墙设计．通过对青岛市银川西路东南侧边坡绿化实际工程的设计与分析，证明了该材料同时具有防护和绿化边坡的作用．     

环境规划中植物的景观功能及其应用

本文在探讨植物的景观特点及其建造功能和观赏功能等基础上，提出了环境规划中景观规划的基本原则。结合岳阳市南湖旅游度假区的实际情况，应用景观规划的基本原则，研究了该旅游度假区的面上绿化规划和景区景点绿化规划。     

广州市道路绿化模式环境效益分析

在广州市各主要交通道路上选择7个有代表性的道路绿化模式，分别监测它们对NOx、CO和TSP等大气污染物质的净化效果，分析其环境效益，结果表明，绿化模式对大气污染整体净化效果与绿化模式的植物配置方式密切相关，苦植物种类多、乔-灌-草立体结构明显、绿化带宽，则对大气污染的净化效果越显著。     

金华生态建筑的设计

金华生态建筑是自身良性循环的绿色建筑物，有3个特点，即屋顶覆土种植或养殖或设太阳能装置，地下设有以净化生活污水为主要目的沼气净化池，墙体垂直绿化，这三者缺不一可，但可单项利用，它有节土，节水，节能和经济，环境，社会产益协调统一这两大优点。     

An overview of flood mitigation strategy and research support in South Asia: implications for sustainable flood risk management

South Asia faces increasing flooding risks due to climatic and socio-economic changes. Various measures have been adopted by the governments of the countries in this region. However, these measures are not adequate to protect the vulnerable communities from ever-increasing flood losses. This study assesses the policy and planning processes and flood-related scientific research in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Based on a systematic review, a comparison of the existing flood management systems of the three countries is undertaken, and a framework for sustainable flood management in the region is suggested. Insights from the literature show that Bangladesh has been able to develop an effective governance structure to address flood hazards, while Pakistan’s approach to flood management planning is found to be largely inadequate. This inadequacy is mainly attributed to missing links in policy formulation and planning processes, along with a lack of institutional coordination. The results of the literature analysis reveal poor support from scientific research focusing on flooding issues in the case of Pakistan, while Bangladesh and India seem to have benefited from research support in formulating their flood management strategies. Based on these findings, an alternative framework is suggested, emphasizing the need to enhance institutional linkages, community participation and evidence-based research.     

An uncertain energy planning model under carbon taxes

In this study, an interval fuzzy mixed-integer energy planning model (IFMI-EPM) is developed under considering the carbon tax policy. The developed IFMIEPM incorporates techniques of interval-parameter programming, fuzzy planning and mixed-integer programming within a general energy planning model. The IFMIEPM can not only be used for quantitatively analyzing a variety of policy scenarios that are associated with different levels of carbon tax policy, but also tackle uncertainties expressed as discrete intervals and fuzzy sets in energy and environment systems. Considering low, medium and high carbon tax rates, the model is applied to an ideal energy and environment system. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They can be used for generating decision alternatives and thus help decision makers identify desired carbon tax policy.     

城市居住小区的公路交通噪声预测与规划

城市发展、公路建设、各类机动车辆的增加导致城市噪声环境质量下降。为了改善城市人居环境,居住小区交通噪声预测与规划应当受到重视。本文提出了一种居住小区交通噪声预测与规划的新方法。该方法充分运用地理信息系统空间分析、空间建模与显示查询的能力,结合完善可靠的交通噪声预测模型,建立了具有实际应用价值的城市居住小区交通噪声预测与规划系统。该系统能为环境评价、环境规划与建筑设计提供相关的技术支持。     

高尔夫球场建设对生态系统影响分析及环境管理对策

通过对高尔夫球场建设过程、特点及主要生态环境影响因子分析，指出高尔夫球场建设需占用大量土地，尤其是农业生态区域，对地表形态、农业生产、水土流失、水环境等均有不同程度的不利影响，对落后地区社会经济具有带动作用。在以安徽元一高尔夫球场为例进行分析基础上，提出了高尔夫球场建设与运营管理的生态环境管理对策。     

氾水镇生态建设规划促进经济与环境协调发展实证分析

绿化系统建设、生态农业建设、乡镇工业布局与调整是水镇生态建设规划的要点。执行生态建设规划的措施有：领导重视；强化环境管理和科技支持；增大环保投入和依靠公众参与。实证分析表明生态建设规划促进了水镇经济与环境协调发展     

铁路客车空调换热器的电算法

介绍利用计算机对铁路客车空调换热器进行设计计算,建立空调换热器的数学模型,绘制流程图,根据实际经验指出了编制程序过程中应注意的问题.以CA25B型空调餐车为例,利用所编程序,对其蒸发器按不同的管排列方式分别进行了设计,指出差排比顺排更适用于空调列车.最后得出结论:电算能大大缩短设计时间,提高计算准确度,并能快速对多种方案进行比较而选取换热器的最佳结构形成,达到节能和节约材料的目的.     

A geological perspective on the degradation and conservation of western Atlantic coral reefs

Continuing coral‐reef degradation in the western Atlantic is resulting in loss of ecological and geologic functions of reefs. With the goal of assisting resource managers and stewards of reefs in setting and measuring progress toward realistic goals for coral‐reef conservation and restoration, we examined reef degradation in this region from a geological perspective. The importance of ecosystem services provided by coral reefs—as breakwaters that dissipate wave energy and protect shorelines and as providers of habitat for innumerable species—cannot be overstated. However, the few coral species responsible for reef building in the western Atlantic during the last approximately 1.5 million years are not thriving in the 21st century. These species are highly sensitive to abrupt temperature extremes, prone to disease infection, and have low sexual reproductive potential. Their vulnerability and the low functional redundancy of branching corals have led to the low resilience of western Atlantic reef ecosystems. The decrease in live coral cover over the last 50 years highlights the need for study of relict (senescent) reefs, which, from the perspective of coastline protection and habitat structure, may be just as important to conserve as the living coral veneer. Research is needed to characterize the geological processes of bioerosion, reef cementation, and sediment transport as they relate to modern‐day changes in reef elevation. For example, although parrotfish remove nuisance macroalgae, possibly promoting coral recruitment, they will not save Atlantic reefs from geological degradation. In fact, these fish are quickly nibbling away significant quantities of Holocene reef framework. The question of how different biota covering dead reefs affect framework resistance to biological and physical erosion needs to be addressed. Monitoring and managing reefs with respect to physical resilience, in addition to ecological resilience, could optimize the expenditure of resources in conserving Atlantic reefs and the services they provide.     

Political transition and emergent forest‐conservation issues in Myanmar

Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long‐running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon‐scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land‐tenure insecurity, large‐scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure‐ and energy‐project planning, and reforming land‐tenure and environmental‐protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions.     

湖滨带的功能及其管理

湖滨带是水陆生态交错带的一种类型，具有重要的生态、社会和经济价值。湖滨带功能主要包括：缓冲带功能、生物多样性及生境保护功能、护岸功能和经济美学价值。湖滨带退化的原因主要是人为因素引起的生物群落结构的逆向演替及生态功能的下降，退化湖滨带生态恢复与重建的理论基础是恢复生态学。湖滨带管理的核心是湖滨带植被的正确管理，管理的目标是保护与湖滨带密切相关的各种资源和水生态系统，其管理措施主要包括：(1)建立植被缓冲带；(2)加强湖滨带规划和管理的政策研究；(3)加强湖滨带生态监测系统及生态评价指标体系的建设；(4)促进湖滨带管理的公众参与。