屋面雨水回收用于冷却补水设计实例

以广州某商业中心为例,介绍了屋面雨水回收用于空调冷却塔补水的设计。根据广州地区雨水资源丰富、水质良好及工程项目的特点,确定了雨水回收范围、回收用途,并进行了月均水量平衡计算。经济效益分析表明,该系统每年可节约市政供水34000m3,经济效益和环境效益显著。     

季节性冰蓄冷技术在空调系统中的应用研究

介绍季节性天然冰蓄冷技术的研究与发展现状,对一种季节性天然冰蓄冷技术进行技术可行性探讨.季节性天然冰蓄冷技术用于建筑空调既有节能和环保方面的优势,也存在技术实施的制约因素.通过典型建筑冷量平衡计算表明,在部分寒冷及夏热冬冷地区,季节性天然冰蓄冷技术具有较好的发展前景.图2,表1,参18.     

集中空调系统积尘理化特征

利用现场采样与实验分析的方法,对集中空调系统内的积尘进行了粒径分布、水溶性碳物质及离子含量的分析,以评估集中空调系统内积尘对微生物滋生的影响.结果表明,集中空调系统除新风段外的6个采样段,积尘平均粒径介于6—20μm之间,新风段积尘平均粒径为41.30μm;沿送风方向,微粒的平均粒径减小,单位积尘量所含的水溶性离子和有...     

生态工业园建设水平的定量评估方法介绍及应用

介绍了工业园内工厂或企业间的关联度以及副产品和废物的循环利用率的计算方法,以扬州生态工业园为例进行了初步计算,并将其与国内外部分工业园进行比较,结果显示有一定差距,指出了进一步提高工业园生态化水平的方向及途径。     

粘贴碳纤维布在钢筋混凝土梁加固中的应用

介绍了采用碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土框架梁正截面、斜截面的设计计算及施工步骤,为了验证加固效果,对加固后的钢筋混凝土梁进行了现场静载检测,结果表明:该加固方案切实有效.图4,表2,参6.     

基于空气负离子浓度的建筑室内空气清洁度评价

对深圳某办公楼部分房间的空气负离子浓度分布进行了观测研究,利用空气离子单极系数和安倍空气离子评价指数对不同设备制冷的办公室空气质量进行了评价分析。结果表明:自然通风状态下的空气清洁度比机械通风状态下高,利用可再生能源制冷技术的室内空气质量比普通空调制冷技术的好,放置负离子发生器对室内空气质量有显著提高。因此提高室内负离子浓度可以创造舒适的空气环境,并建议把空气负离子浓度列为室内环境的监测和评价指标,为今后城乡建设规划、城市林业规划和环境能源保护提供科学依据和设计思路。     

城市降雨径流长期污染负荷模型的探讨

本文以成都市为例,使用修正的STORM模型计算一次标准降雨的径流污染负荷;使用“降雨负荷法”进行城市径流污染年负荷量的估算.文章指出年负荷中非标准降雨冲刷将起着主导作用,仅用标准降雨来估算一个城市的长期污染负荷是不可行的.     

Helmert定权方法及网形选择在核电测量中的应用探讨

针对核电测量规范与工程实际,指出控制测量可优先选用测边网,扩展角度为方向观测值。结合算例,对有效运用Helmert验后方差定权及提高迭代计算速度进行探讨;特别指出,与经验定权方法不同,运用Helmert验后方差定权,待定点近似坐标取值宜尽可能精确。     

影响煤巷锚梁网支护施工速度因素浅析

通过对煤巷锚杆支护工艺的分析,指出了现场施工中煤巷锚梁网锚杆支护施工速度的影响因素,通过对这些影响因素的分析,找出了提高锚网施工的快速施工方法,技术人员要根据现场实际情况,不断地总结经验、修改设计参数,寻找出适应不同地质条件下的支护设计参数,优化施工工艺,缩短工艺时间,为煤巷锚杆支护实现真正的快速掘进做出各自的贡献.     

监测井在化工厂区土壤和地下水污染监测中的应用

文章分析了监测井在化工厂区土壤和地下水污染监测中的应用 ,指出对化工厂区土壤和地下水污染进行有效监测的必要性 ,并探讨化工厂区监测井的整体规划和设计。     

基于移动多Agent的智能排课系统研究与设计

Agent技术是近年来备受人们关注的软件开发技术。由于他的众多有用属性如自治性、自主性、自适应性等特性,使得人们对它的研究越来越多．笔者基于移动多Agent技术,通过对排课系统的基本问题、多Agent的智能排课的关键技术等的分析、研究并提出了基于移动多Agent技术的智能排课系统的解决方案．图1,参7．     

Increasing the impact of collective incentives in payments for ecosystem services

Collective payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs make payments to groups, conditional on specified aggregate land-management outcomes. Such collective contracting may be well suited to settings with communal land tenure or decision-making. Given that collective contracting does not require costly individual-level information on outcomes, it may also facilitate conditioning on additionality (i.e., conditioning payments upon clearly improved outcomes relative to baseline). Yet collective contracting often suffers from free-riding, which undermines group outcomes and may be exacerbated or ameliorated by PES designs. We study impacts of conditioning on additionality within a number of collective PES designs. We use a framed field-laboratory experiment with participants from a new PES program in Mexico. Because social interactions are critical within collective processes, we assess the impacts from conditioning on additionality given: (1) group participation in contract design, and (2) a group coordination mechanism. Conditioning on above-baseline outcomes raised contributions, particularly among initially lower contributors. Group participation in contract design increased impact, as did the coordination mechanism.     

Removal of virus aerosols by the combination of filtration and UV-C irradiation

● The removal of virus aerosols by filtration and UV-C irradiation was proposed. ● The filtration efficiency for virus aerosols was affected by the filtration rate. ● The inactivation rate by UV-C was not linear with irradiation intensity or time. ● The virus trapped by filter material had a shielding effect on UV-C irradiation. The COVID-19 pandemic remains ever prevalent and afflicting—partially because one of its transmission pathways is aerosol. With the widely used central air conditioning systems worldwide, indoor virus aerosols can rapidly migrate, thus resulting in rapid infection transmission. It is therefore important to install microbial aerosol treatment units in the air conditioning systems, and we herein investigated the possibility of combining such filtration with UV irradiation to address virus aerosols. Results showed that the removal efficiency of filtration towards f2 and MS2 phages depended on the type of commercial filter material and the filtration speed, with an optimal velocity of 5 cm/s for virus removal. Additionally, it was found that UV irradiation had a significant effect on inactivating viruses enriched on the surfaces of filter materials; MS2 phages had greater resistance to UV-C irradiation than f2 phages. The optimal inactivation time for UV-C irradiation was 30 min, with higher irradiation times presenting no substantial increase in inactivation rate. Moreover, excessive virus enrichment on the filters decreased the inactivation effect. Timely inactivation is therefore recommended. In general, the combined system involving filtration with UV-C irradiation demonstrated a significant removal effect on virus aerosols. Moreover, the system is simple and economical, making it convenient for widespread implementation in air-conditioning systems.     

VOCs走航监测:技术方法与案例应用

挥发性有机物(VOCs)来源广泛、组成复杂,是臭氧(O3)和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的重要前体物,且其中一些组分对人体健康存在潜在威胁。VOCs的主要排放方式包括点源、面源和无组织源排放,排放过程具有瞬时性,难以控制和监测。与传统的离线监测和在线监测相比,走航监测技术具有监测范围大、响应快速、机动性强的特点,但中国VOCs的走航监测研究还鲜有报道。该研究通过使用装载了单质谱分析仪与便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)的走航车对珠三角沿海城市某工业集聚区进行VOCs走航监测,走航过程中对环境空气中的TVOCs进行快速监测并对TVOCs质量浓度高值点进行采样及VOCs组分的成分和浓度分析。该次走航共监测到32种优控污染因子和CW加油(加气)站、JH加油站、G空调电器生产企业的两器车间及南门货场等多个TVOCs质量浓度高值点,并通过分析进一步判断VOCs排放源。结合监测结果和实地调研推断:加油站的VOCs高值主要来源于油气挥发及机动车尾气排放;G空调企业的VOCs高值则主要来源于两器车间的喷涂、烘干、洗网工序及厂区内的机动车尾气排放。尽管VOCs走航监测技术目前还存在一定不足,该方法的应用能够为掌握区域VOCs污染现状及分布特征提供新的技术手段,为实现VOCs精细化管控提供新的思路。     

Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers’ health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92%–100%, 91%–104%, and 0.26–0.82 ng/m³, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159–0.2828 mg/m³ with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m³. The average concentrations of form aldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m³, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043–0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health.     

化学反应模式计算程序的自动生成

在化学模式，尤其是大气化学模式中，常常需要求解涉及许多化学反应的大型刚性常微分方程组，其中书写算法所需的右函数子程序及雅可比矩阵子程序是一相当繁琐费时的工作，本文讨论并给出了可自动书写这些子程序的实用程序的开发过程，使用该实用程序时，用户仅需输入符合格式规定的化学动力学反应文本即可得到相应的化学反应模式的计算程序，文中涉及的程序和子过程用Ｃ语言并在微机上编译运行通过，可以满足绝大部分化学模式的需要     

400m运动员速度与速度耐力训练的探讨

本文通过对400m训练的运动员进行调查,从他们的训练安排、方法手段的选择及生理、生化依据等方面进行探讨,研究表明,速度与速度耐力的训练对提高400m跑成绩起着至关重要的作用.要想提高400m成绩,必须科学地、系统地安排速度与速度耐力的训练.     

Applying a chemical modelling technique to ecological problems

A very simple computer program can be adapted to handle both complicated chemical and ecological problems, by using procedures which reduce different reaction types and flows of material all to the one form. The process of reduction discloses similarities between ecological situations which, at first sight, seem very different.     

德国高等职业教育的特点

基于了解德国“双元制”职业教育基础上，介绍了德国职业教育体系，研究了高等职业教育模式、入学条件、培养目标、培养模式、学制、文凭以及人才培养途径，分析了高等职业教育的师资培养措施与过程、经费保障以及法律保障，阐述了高等职业教育改革的基本目标、基本原则、改革重点、发展趋势以及基本理念．