粤北三座典型中型水库富营养化与浮游植物群落特征

于2010年丰水期（8月）和枯水期（12月）采集粤北地区3座中型水库（沐溪、苍村和赤石迳水库）的水和浮游植物,分析植物群落与水质,以考察季节性温度差异与鱼类养殖对水库水质和浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,3座水库分别属富营养、中营养和中营养水平,营养盐质量浓度丰水期高于枯水期。共鉴定浮游植物7门56种（属）,群落组成以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主。沐溪水库丰枯两季均以蓝藻为优势类群,其浮游植物丰度和生物量明显高于其余两座水库（p〈0.01）;苍村和赤石迳水库丰水期优势门类均为蓝藻,枯水期均为硅藻。3座水库浮游植物丰度均表现为丰水期高于枯水期,生物量则枯水期高于丰水期,但均无显著性差异（p〉0.05）。RDA（冗余分析）结果表明,透明度、总氮和悬浮物是影响浮游植物群落结构的主要因素;其中,沐溪水库的营养盐和悬浮物与浮游植物群落正相关,苍村和赤石迳水库浮游植物群落则与水深和透明度正相关;温度对浮游植物群落的影响主要体现在种类组成的季节差异上。营养盐和优势种类的季节差异造成了浮游植物丰度和生物量在丰水期和枯水期的不一致。聚类分析将不同季节的3座水库分为2个类区,非养鱼水库苍村和赤石迳水库为第一类区,养鱼的沐溪水库为第二类区。沐溪水库库区内发展鱼类养殖业为浮游植物提供了高质量浓度营养盐（尤其是总磷）,即使在温度较低的冬季仍支持蓝藻种类的优势性。     

低水位运行对天目湖水库水质与生态的影响

2008年8月天目湖沙河水库开始进行除险加固施工,施工期间水库平均水位比2004—2008年平均值低1.73 m,对此期间水质、浮游生物等变化情况进行实地监测,研究低水位运行对沙河水库水质和生态的影响。结果表明,2008年9月—2009年8月低水位运行期间,水体对于外源营养盐输入的缓冲能力减弱,ρ(TN)浓度峰值与强降雨过程有关,1次早春暴雨(2009年2月17日—2月27日)即导致水体ρ(TN)由0.92升高到2.09 mg.L-1,直到夏季暴雨期后才回归正常;ρ(TP)主要受浮游植物生物量和悬浮物含量影响,低水位运行对其影响不大;2009年夏季浮游植物中蓝藻门比例明显高于2008年同期,说明整体藻类群落结构向偏富营养化状态转化;2009年6—8月原生动物平均丰度为1 730 L-1,轮虫为4 188 L-1,轮虫丰度较2008年同期增加近1倍,桡足类平均丰度较2008年同期下降21%,枝角类丰度变化剧烈;2009年夏季水库水体Chl-a营养状态指数高于2008年同期。总体而言,低水位运行期间整体生态系统的脆弱性增强,浮游动物、浮游植物、营养盐等生态系统基本要素的波动大大增加,环境条件变化对水库的冲击效果变...     

黄浦江浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为探究上海黄浦江枯水期和丰水期浮游动物群落结构及其对环境的指示作用,于2013年11月和2014年7月分别对黄浦江11个断面(82个采样点)进行了调查分析。共鉴定出浮游动物109种,其中原生动物35种(占总种类数的32%),轮虫33种(30%),枝角类18种(17%),桡足类23种(21%)。浮游动物丰度变化范围为1 671.8~70 428.4 ind.·L~(-1),生物量变化范围为0.26~14.97 mg·L~(-1)。丰水期浮游动物的丰度及生物量约为枯水期的2倍。聚类分析显示,枯水期与丰水期各个站点的浮游动物群落结构相似性不一致,枯水期可分为5个类群,丰水期为3个类群。相关性分析表明,原生动物密度与氨氮呈显著负相关;轮虫密度与总磷呈显著正相关,与叶绿素呈极显著正相关;枝角类密度与叶绿素呈极显著正相关,与氨氮呈显著正相关;桡足类密度与叶绿素和水温均呈极显著正相关。由此表明,黄浦江浮游动物的群落结构与水温、叶绿素以及水体的营养状况关系密切。淡水麻铃虫(Leprotintinnus fluviatile)、淡水筒壳虫(Tintinnidium fluviatile)、广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra vulgaris)、脆弱象鼻溞(Bosmina fatalis)、微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)、桡足幼体(Copepodid)、无节幼体(Nauplii)、台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis)和球状许水蚤(Schmackeria forbesi)等9个种的存在与否以及是否成为水体的优势种可以作为评定黄浦江等河流水体富营养化水平高低及污染程度轻重的指示物种。该研究可为后期对黄浦江的生态监测及水域生态修复提供理论基础,同时可为未来黄浦江水环境质量、水生态现状及其演变趋势的评价提供参考依据。     

粤北2座饮用水源地水库的富营养化与浮游植物群落动态

粤北地区的水库以山地型水库为主,其中有不少担负着饮用水源的功能。为了解粤北地区水源地水库的富营养化状态与浮游植物种群的动态变化,于2011年的枯水期（2―3月）和丰水期（6―7月）对花山和白水礤2座中型水库进行了采样调查,对水库的营养盐和浮游植物种群进行了分析。结果表明：2座水库均为贫营养型;浮游植物在枯水期和丰水期的种类变化不大,共鉴定出的浮游植物6门37种（属）,以硅藻为主要优势种群,优势种为小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）和颗粒直链藻（Melosira granulata）。同时,枯水期和丰水期2座水库浮游植物的丰度和生物量都比较低,其值分别为0.65×106～1.95×106cells.L-1、0.11 mg.L-1和0.73×106～8.9×106cells.L-1、0.05～0.50 mg.L-1。在浮游植物种群动态中,2座水库浮游植物丰度和生物量的季节变化主要表现为硅藻丰度和生物量的变化,低浓度的氮、磷营养盐限制是影响这2座贫营养水库浮游植物动态变化主要因素。     

南亚热带高产渔业水库——显岗水库敞水区浮游植物群落结构的季节变化特征

显岗水库是当地重要的饮用水水源.于2008年对南亚热带高产渔业水库——显岗水库的水文、水质和浮游植物的调查,分析了该水库敞水区浮游植物群落的结构与变化特征及其影响因子.显岗水库敞水区的总氮和总磷浓度较高,平均浓度分别为0.83mgL-1和0.046mgL-1;叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为11.02～59.34μgL-1.共检出浮游植物129种(属),隶属7门,其中绿藻占优势,共78种,其次为蓝藻和硅藻,分别为25种和16种;丰水期的浮游植物种类数量较枯水期的高.浮游植物丰度和生物量变化范围分别为0.16×108～7.49×108cellsL-1和0.63～5.09mgL-1,分别在5月、2月出现极大值,10月均具有极小值;丰水期的丰度较枯水期的高,生物量则相反.浮游植物丰度主要由蓝藻贡献,生物量则主要由硅藻贡献.拟柱孢藻Cylindrospermopsis sp.、假鱼腥藻Pseudoanabeana sp.、湖丝藻Limnthriox sp.、微小隐球藻Aphanocapsa delicatissima、针晶蓝纤维藻Dactylococcopsis rhaphidioides是主要的丰度优势种,在全年具有绝对的数量优势.小环藻Cyclotella meneghiniana、肘状针杆藻Synedna ulna、颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata、根管藻Rhizosolenia longiseta、曲壳藻Achnanthes exigua、微小隐球藻、假鱼腥藻、针晶蓝纤维藻是主要或常见的生物量优势种.根据统计分析,总磷、透明度、入库流量和降雨量是影响显岗水库敞水区浮游植物变化的主要非生物环境因子.图2表3参26     

宁波市某人工泻湖浮游生物变化特征及影响因素分析

以宁波市北仑区梅山水道形成的人工泻湖为研究对象,在不同季节进行水质及浮游生物调查,分析其浮游生物时空分布特征与水质的关系。4个采样点共检出浮游植物66种,以硅藻为绝对优势种,检出浮游动物25种,主要为桡足类、少量轮虫及网纹虫;拦坝后水道内浮游生物密度有了数量级增长,各项生物评价指数降低,但各采样点仍处于中污染水平。监测理化参数表明,研究水域在拦坝后盐度下降、悬浮物浓度下降,氮磷含量无明显变化;水域大部分点位处于中度富营养化水平。结合浮游生物分布与理化参数进行分析,发现堤坝合龙后,水道内侧海水淡化、悬浮物含量下降,导致浮游生物密度上升、生物多样性下降、出现淡水优势种群;营养盐含量不是浮游生物生长的限制因子,对浮游生物分布无显著影响。     

东平湖秋季浮游生物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

作为黄河下游仅存天然湖泊以及南水北调东线工程重要枢纽,东平湖生态环境安全对黄河流域生态环境保护与中国北方供水安全起到重要作用.为明确东平湖秋季浮游生物群落结构特征及环境驱动因子,于2021年9月对全湖28个采样点进行水样采集与检测,并采用综合营养状态指数法、生态多样性指数法、相关性分析法以及冗余分析法等多种分析方法进行了分析研究.此次研究共检出浮游植物8门73种（属）,浮游甲壳动物2门10种（属）,其中浮游植物主要以绿藻、蓝藻和硅藻为主,浮游甲壳动物主要以桡足类和枝角类为主.浮游植物中,蓝藻门的伪鱼腥藻（Pseudoanabaena spp.）优势度最大（Y=0.205）,浮游甲壳动物中则以剑水蚤（Cyclops）优势度最高（Y=0.305）.东平湖秋季浮游植物生物密度空间分布与综合营养状态指数（TLI）具有较强相关性,高值均分布于湖区东部与东北岸,而湖区中、西部较低.浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数以及Margalef丰富度指数分别为3.70、0.75与1.29,其生态多样性污染评价结果分别为清洁水平、轻污染水平与中污染水平.冗余分析结果表明,T...     

基于CoCA分析的长江干流浮游动植物群落交互影响研究

国内有关浮游动植物群落之间关系的研究目前鲜有报道。为研究研究浮游植物与浮游动物之间的交互影响作用,以天鹅洲保护区长江干流河段为研究区域,分别于2014年10月(秋季)、2015年1月(冬季)、2015年5月(春季)和2015年7月(夏季)开展了浮游植物和浮游动物监测,采用种群更替率和DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis)分析了浮游植物和浮游动物群落四季变化特征,并进一步采用CoCA(Co-CorrespondenceAnalysis)揭示浮游植物与浮游动物群落之间的关联格局。结果显示,4次调查共检出浮游植物104种,其中硅藻58种,甲藻4种,金藻3种,蓝藻11种,裸藻2种,绿藻23种,隐藻3种;4次调查的浮游植物种类均以硅藻门浮游植物为主,其次是绿藻门与蓝藻门。浮游动物共检出88种,其中原生动物31种,轮虫27种,浮游甲壳动物30种。原生动物夏季种类数最高,为18种。轮虫则以春季与冬季种类数最高,同为16种。浮游甲壳动物则以春季种类数最高,为20种,桡足类种类多于枝角类。种群更替率结果显示,浮游植物和浮游动物种类随季节演替的变化均较明显,所有类群种群更替率均达到50%以上,尤其是轮虫在夏—秋间的演替率达到了78%。DCA分析进一步表明,浮游植物群落四季演替明显,但浮游动物四季变化差异不大。CoCA分析则显示,浮游植物群落与浮游动物群落之间交互影响显著,其中硅藻门浮游植物和浮游甲壳动物在冬季的相互影响最为突出。     

生态修复后九曲湾水库浮游动物优势种演替及生态位特征分析

探究生态修复后九曲湾水库浮游动物优势种生态位特征及主要影响因素,为九曲湾水库及相关饮用水源地水库生态系统的保护、修复提供理论和技术支撑。于生态修复前2014年4月(平稳期)、2014年7月(爆发期),2015—2016年生态修复后12月(枯水期)、4月(平水期)、7月(丰水期)进行数据采集,采用优势度、Levins生态位宽度、Petrailis生态位重叠指数等方法,对九曲湾水库浮游动物优势种演替、生态位特征及主要影响因素进行分析。结果表明,九曲湾水库生态修复前共鉴定浮游动物30种,其中轮虫类26种,桡足类4种,枝角类未检出;生态修复后共鉴定浮游动物50种,其中轮虫类30种,枝角类13种,桡足类7种。生态修复前,平稳期到爆发期优势种的更替率为75%,爆发期到生态修复后枯水期优势种的更替率为80%。生态修复后,枯水期到平水期优势种的更替率为66.6%,平水期到丰水期季节更替率为57.14%,共同优势种为裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)。九曲湾水库浮游动物优势种生态位宽度在0.250—0.931之间,生态修复前和生态修复后广生态位种类占全部优势种的75%、58.33%、70%、33%、0。优势种生态位重叠指数在0—0.998之间,生态位重叠程度差异较大,平稳期、爆发期、枯水期、平水期、丰水期生态位重叠指数大于0.6的分别占53.57%、50%、73.33%、66.67%、66.67%。生态修复前影响浮游动物优势种生态位分化的主要因素是水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO),生态修复后影响浮游动物优势种生态位分化的主要因素是总磷(TP)、叶绿素(Chl.a)。研究表明,生态修复前蓝藻水华发生期影响浮游动物生态位分化的环境因子为物理因子,生态修复后影响浮游动物生态位分化的环境因子为营养盐。     

太湖蓝藻的时空变化规律及治理方法

利用2009─2012年丰水期和平水期的生物调查获取的环境和生物数据,研究太湖蓝藻的时空分布规律,分析蓝藻分布与其他物理、化学和生物因子（如温度、酸碱性、有机物和营养盐含量、浮游植物与浮游动物密度等）的相关关系。结果表明：太湖水质基本上超出V类地表水指标,主要的超标因子是总氮。总氮在丰水期和平水期的质量浓度分别为3.05 mg·L-1和1.65 mg·L-1,总氮在丰水期质量浓度降低的主要原因可能是丰水期蓝藻迅速生长,吸收了大量的营养盐。蓝藻仍是太湖浮游植物的优势种。2009─2012年太湖蓝藻的密度随年份无明显变化,但随季节和区域存在显著差异：丰水期蓝藻密度均值为4.87×10^7cell·L-1,明显高于平水期蓝藻密度（1.51×10^6 cell·L-1）;太湖东部采样点蓝藻密度明显低于其他湖区。影响蓝藻的非生物因素包括温度、酸碱度和营养盐,高温、偏碱性和高营养盐含量都会增加蓝藻的密度。蓝藻与其他浮游植物和大型水生植物之间存在竞争关系,蓝藻密度增加促进了枝角类的生长。推荐利用机械打捞和大型水生植物修复方法,因为这2种方法可在降低蓝藻密度的同时去除水体中的有机物和营养盐,可以从根本上降低太湖蓝藻水华的风险。增加其他藻类和枝角类控制蓝藻水华方法可行性较差：1）蓝藻暴发时期其它藻类对能量和营养的竞争能力弱于蓝藻,难以抑制蓝藻的生长;2）在太湖中增加枝角类可能降低现有蓝藻的密度,但建立完整的食物链体系降低富营养化程度,防范生物调控中可能存在的生态风险（如其他藻类水华等）较困难。     

How does cod (Gadus morhua) cope with variability in feeding conditions during early larval stages?

Response of mesocosm-reared cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae to different feeding conditions was investigated in 1988 in two mesocosms: a large basin and a smaller bag enclosure within the basin. The basin was filled with seawater, and a community of naturally occurring plankton developed. Plankton concentrations were monitored, and cod larvae stocked in the enclosures were sampled for determination of growth, survival, and gut content. In the bag, insufficient amounts of energetically favourable prey, as copepod nauplii, led to non-selective ingestion of plankton from a broad range of sizes, including considerable amounts of protozoans (tintinnid and oligotrich ciliates). Growth of larvae from the bag was low, with daily specific growth rates (SGR) less than 2.8% the first 3 wk post-hatch. This was followd by rapid increase of SGR to 21.7%, which coincided with a large increase in availability of copepod nauplii. In the basin, high nauplii concentrations led to SGR of 13.7 to 21.7% from onset of feeding to 16 d post-hatch, respectively. Under such conditions, the larvae were highly selective feeders. At 3 wk post-hatch, survival was 36.7 and 38.3% in the basin and bag enclosure, respectively. To cope with variations in the feeding conditions, the cod larvae were shown to be opportunists when nauplii were scarce, and included plankton from several trophic levels in their diet. When nauplii were abundant, cod larvae realized their high potential for growth. Both opportunism and realization of a high growth potential may enhance survival of the larvae.     

Nodularin concentrations in Baltic Sea zooplankton and fish during a cyanobacterial bloom

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms, dominated by Nodularia spumigena, are a recurrent phenomenon in the Baltic Sea during late summer. Nodularin, a potent hepatotoxin, has been previously observed to accumulate on different trophic levels, in zooplankton, mysid shrimps, fish as well as benthic organisms, even in waterfowl. While the largest concentrations of nodularin have been measured from the benthic organisms and the food web originating from them, the concentrations in the pelagic organisms are not negligible. The observations on concentrations in zooplankton and planktivorous fish are sporadic, however. A field study in the Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea, was conducted during cyanobacterial bloom season where zooplankton (copepod Eurytemora affinis, cladoceran Pleopsis polyphemoides) and fish (herring, sprat, three-spined stickleback) samples for toxin analyses were collected from the same sampling areas, concurrently with phytoplankton community samples. N. spumigena was most abundant in the eastern Gulf of Finland. In this same sampling area, cladoceran P. polyphemoides contained more nodularin than in the other areas, suggesting that this species has a low capacity to avoid cyanobacterial exposure when the abundance of cyanobacterial filaments is high. In copepod E. affinis nodularin concentrations were high in all of the sampling areas, irrespective of the N. spumigena cell numbers. Furthermore, nodularin concentrations in herring samples were highest in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Three-spined stickleback contained the highest concentrations of nodularin of all the three fish species included in this study, probably because it prefers upper water layers where also the risk of nodularin accumulation in zooplankton is the highest. No linear relationship was found between N. spumigena abundance and nodularin concentration in zooplankton and fish, but in the eastern area where the most dense surface-floating bloom was observed, the nodularin concentrations in zooplankton were high. The maximum concentrations in zooplankton and fish samples in this study were higher than measured before, suggesting that the temporal variation of nodularin concentrations in pelagic communities can be large, and vary from negligible to potentially harmful.     

Switching between herbivory and carnivory by the planktonic marine copepod Calanus pacificus

Adult females of the omnivorous copepod Calanus pacificus, collected from the plankton off La Jolla, California, USA (June, 1978), fed disproportionately on the prey in greatest relative abundance when given mixtures of diatoms (Thalassiosira fluviatilis) and copepod (C. pacificus) nauplii as food. This switch from herbivorous to carnivorous behavior may be significant in nature during the decline of phytoplankton blooms. More generally, the widespread omnivorous habit among pelagic animals suggests a responsive and flexible trophic organization which contributes to the resiliency of planktonic communities in a dynamic physical environment.Contribution No. 1223 from the Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA     

Seasonal succession and diversity of phytoplankton in a eutrophic lagoon (Liman lake)

The seasonal succession, composition and diversity of phytoplankton in a eutrophic lagoon (Liman lake) were studied between January 2002 and November 2003. Samples were collected from surface water and deeper (1 m depth) at stations and species diversity (Shannon-Weaver, H) and evenness were calculated. Shannon Diversty was similar at Station 1 and Station 2. Minimum and maximum diversity values (0.101 and 0.765 bits. mm3) were recorded in June and July 2003 at Station 2. Cluster analysis and NMDS (Non metric multidimensial scaling) were applied to the phytoplankton community. The lagoon exhibits high conductivity (7211-10757 microScm(-1)), mean temperature of 17.7 degrees C, varying concentrations of dissolved oxygen (3.3-8.4 mg l(-1)). Light, temperature, rainfall, turbidity and salinity were expected to be the main factors affecting the seasonal succession. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton were similar at surface water and 1 m depth. A total of 130 taxa belonging to Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta, Xantophyta, Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta divisions were identified. Pseudanabaena limnetica, Kirchneriella obesa, Kirchneriella lunaris, Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Ankistrodesmus spiralis were highly represented.     

低频、低功率超声波抑制藻类生长的效果

超声波的空化作用能够抑制藻类生长,从保护水体生态系统以及超声波技术本身的特点考虑,低频率、低功率的超声波更适合于水体抑藻应用.实验采用自然水体混合藻种(主要由绿藻门、硅藻门、蓝藻门藻种组成),水样超声波辐照后,进行光照培养,取样检测藻类生长情况,研究了低频率、低功率超声波的抑藻效果及控制参数.结果表明,采用60 kHz、0.24 W·cm~(-2)的超声波,作用时间为1 min,抑藻效果明显,24 h培养后水样OD_400从0.25 cm~(-1)降至0.12 cm~(-1);随着超声波作用功率的增加,抑藻效果增强,但功率超过0.24W·cm~(-2),抑藻效果基本不再增加;超声波施加周期为1次·(2～4) d~(-1),可以起到持续抑藻的效果.     

Food concentration and stocking density effects on survival and growth of laboratory-reared larvae of bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli and lined sole Achirus lineatus

Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) eggs were stocked at densities from 0.5 to 32.0 l^-1 and larvae were fed on wild plankton (copepod nauplii) in concentrations that ranged from 50 to 5000 prey l^-1. Lined sole (Achirus lineatus) eggs were stocked at 0.5 to 16.0 l^-1 and larvae were fed wild plankton at concentrations from 50 to 1000 prey l^-1. Some larvae of each species survived at all stock and food levels to the transformation stage at 16 days after hatching. Survival rates for both species exceeded 40% when food concentration was 1000 l^-1 or higher. Growth and dry weight yields also increased significantly at the higher food concentrations. Effects of initial stocking density were not well defined, but both survival and growth decreased at the highest stocking rates. Standardized culture of bay anchovy and lined sole larvae can be based on a food concentration of 1000 copepod nauplii l^-1 to routinely produce healthy larvae.     

富营养化水体降磷对浮游植物群落结构特征的影响

浮游植物是水生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的基础,作为初级生产者,浮游植物的群落结构直接影响着水生态系统的结构和功能。在水产养殖生产中,如何根据养殖生物对生活环境的需求开展精准培水、定向培水,培养养殖生物所需要的浮游植物,在维持养殖水域生态平衡的同时又能为养殖生物提供一定的饵料资源,这一直是摆在水产科技工作者面前的重要难题和研究热点。已有的资料大都是通过添加磷的方式研究磷改变对浮游植物生长的影响,而有关富营养化水体降磷对浮游植物群落结构影响的研究尚未见报道。为此,试验通过向取自富营养化湖泊的水体中加入磷去除剂,采用Pielou均匀度指数、Mcnaughton优势度指数和Shannon多样性指数,研究自然水体中的磷被降低后水体浮游植物群落结构的变化情况。结果表明,所取富营养化水体中共检出绿藻（Chlorophyta）、硅藻（Bacillariophyta）、蓝藻（Cyanophyta）、裸藻（Euglenophyta）、隐藻（Cryptophyta）、甲藻（Pyrrophyta）6门29种（包括变种和变型）;其中绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻、隐藻、裸藻、甲藻分别有7、4、2、1、1种,分别占总种数的24.13%、13.79%、6.90%、3.45%、3.45%。富营养化水体降磷后,虽然试验组和对照组在浮游植物种类组成上没有差异,但浮游植物群落结构特征发生了很大变化,浮游植物数量明显降低,由13 238.8×104cells·L-1降低至3 997.5×104cells·L-1,下降了69.8%;浮游植物优势种从1门（蓝藻（Cyanophyta））6种增加到3门（绿藻（Chlorophyta）、硅藻（Bacillariophyta）、蓝藻（Cyanophyta））12种,优势度指数从97.29%降低至86.30%,优势种门数和优势种种数远远高于对照组,优势度明显低于对照组;同时,浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度分别从1.85和0.38升高至2.60和0.54,显示出试验组浮游植物多样性和均匀度优于对照组。研究表明富营养化水体降磷对浮游植物群落结构产生了明显影响,使群落结构处于更加复杂、完整和稳定的状态。     

东江干流浮游植物群落结构特征及与水质的关系

2009年7月,调查了东江干流浮游植物的属类组成、密度和生物多样性指数,并将水质理化参数与藻类的群落指标进行相关性分析。47个采样点中共发现7门78属藻类,浮游植物的密度范围在0.72×104~853.86×104 cells.L-1之间。其中蓝藻门、硅藻门、绿藻门和隐藻门占总浮游植物密度的96.12%,优势属为颤藻属、隐藻属、小环藻属、菱形藻属、栅藻属。根据藻类各项指标值显示,东江干流水质良好。相关分析结果表明：浮游植物密度以及属类数均与CODMn及电导率呈极显著的正相关关系（P〈0.01）。并且CCA分析表明CODMn浓度是影响这一区域物种分布格局的重要因素。     

A simple plankton model for the Oregon upwelling ecosystem: Sensitivity and validation against time-series ocean data

Simple plankton models serve as useful platforms for testing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecosystem dynamics. A simple, one-dimensional plankton model was developed to describe the dynamics of nitrate, ammonium, two phytoplankton size-classes, meso-zooplankton, and detritus in the Oregon upwelling ecosystem. Computational simplicity was maintained by linking the biological model to a one-dimensional, cross-shelf physical model driven by the daily coastal upwelling index. The model sacrificed resolution of regional-scale and along-shore (north to south) processes and assumed that seasonal productivity is primarily driven by local cross-shelf Ekman transport of surface waters and upwelling of nutrient-rich water from depth.Our goals were to see how well a simple plankton model could capture the general temporal and spatial dynamics of the system, test system sensitivity to alternate parameter set values, and observe system response to the effective scale of potential retention mechanisms. Model performance across the central Oregon shelf was evaluated against two years (2000-2001) of chlorophyll and copepod time-series observations. While the modeled meso-zooplankton biomass was close in scale to the observed copepod biomass, phytoplankton was overestimated relative to that inferred from the observed surface chlorophyll concentration. Inshore, the system was most sensitive to the nutrient uptake kinetics of diatom-size phytoplankton and to the functional grazing response of meso-zooplankton. Meso-zooplankton was more sensitive to alternate parameter values than was phytoplankton. Reduction of meso-zooplankton cross-shelf advection rates (crudely representing behavioral retention mechanisms) reduced the scale of model error relative to the observed seasonal mean inshore copepod biomass but had little effect of the modeled meso-zooplankton biomass offshore nor upon phytoplankton biomass across the entire shelf.