紫茎泽兰种内竞争试验

紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)是一种入侵能力极强的世界性恶性杂草.通过不同种植密度的紫茎泽兰盆栽试验,探讨种内竞争对紫茎泽兰个体生长的影响.结果表明,种内竞争降低了紫茎泽兰个体株高、叶片数、根蘖株数和生物量的增长.种植密度与生物量2者的对数值呈负相关关系(r2=0.99,斜率=-5/6).同时,随着种植密度增加,种内竞争加剧,抑制作用增强,种群内部大小等级差异也增大,表明不同个体受到了不同的拥挤压力.但是,高密度的紫茎泽兰种群在强烈竞争下,个体会控制根蘖株的形成、死亡,从而减少资源的消耗,保证种群对生境的长期占领.建议在进行紫茎泽兰的替代控制时,应注意替代物种的先植,选择优于紫茎泽兰萌发的植物作为替代物种,通过邻体干扰效应抑制紫茎泽兰的生长.     

紫茎泽兰对木棉种子萌发和幼苗光合特性的影响

木棉树(Bombax ceiba L.)是干热河谷稀树灌丛和稀树草坡的建群树种,对该区域水土保持和生态恢复有着重要作用.木棉开花结实良好,种子萌发正常,树下却没有天然更新的木棉幼苗及幼树,为揭示这种情况与木棉树下严重入侵的紫茎泽兰的相关性,采用紫茎泽兰根系土壤、叶片和根浸提液及其粉末,结合室内和田间试验,用培养皿滤纸法和盆栽法,综合评价紫茎泽兰对木棉种子萌发和幼苗光合特性的影响.结果表明:(1)紫茎泽兰叶片和根浸提液均显著降低了木棉的种子萌发率和幼苗光合效率,这种抑制程度和抑制发生的时间随浓度升高而加强或提早,无论在低浓度还是高浓度,抑制作用均随着处理时间延长而加剧;(2)在高浓度下,紫茎泽兰叶片对木棉的种子萌发率和幼苗光合效率的抑制作用显著高于根浸提液的,而低浓度下,这种差异不显著;(3)紫茎泽兰根际土壤也显著了降低木棉种子的萌发率和幼苗存活率,一个月后的存活率仅为4.75%,与对照相比下降了90.95%;(4)用紫茎泽兰叶片和根粉末伴土模拟叶片和根分解或半分解物质对抑制木棉种子萌发的影响,当叶片和根粉末与土壤比例按20 g:1 kg处理时,木棉种子萌发率和一个月后的存活率显著降低.由此可见,紫茎泽兰叶片和根系的分解或半分解产物对木棉种子萌发、幼苗光合效率和幼苗的存活能产生抑制作用,是影响干热河谷地区木棉天然更新的重要因素.图5表3参27     

紫茎泽兰和飞机草在广西的入侵生境植物多样性分析

对紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum）和飞机草（Eupatorium odoratum）在广西入侵生境的植物多样性进行了研究。结果表明：在紫茎泽兰、飞机草发生危害的生境,Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数均比没有紫茎泽兰、飞机草危害的生境低。在紫茎泽兰样方中,有紫茎泽兰入侵的生境其上述各指数分别比没有紫茎泽兰入侵的低43.65%、55.13%、55.68%。而在飞机草样方中,有飞机草入侵的生境其上述各指数分别比没有飞机草入侵的低33.55%、37.78%、17.98%。说明紫茎泽兰和飞机草对入侵生境的植物多样性影响较大。     

林下和撂荒地生境紫茎泽兰幼苗的生长特征及其种内竞争形态反应

比较研究了林下和撂荒地生境有无竞争条件下紫茎泽兰（Ageratina adenophora（Sprengel））幼苗的生长特征、生长速率、生物量和种内竞争的形态反应。结果表明：（1）2类生境条件下紫茎泽兰植株幼苗形态特征基本一致,无竞争条件下紫茎泽兰幼苗根长和叶片数明显高于在竞争条件下对应指标值;（2）同类生境中,在无竞争条件下紫茎泽兰幼苗的生长速率、生物量积累显著比在竞争条件下的高;（3）不同生境中,撂荒地生境紫茎泽兰幼苗生物量显著高于林下生境的值,在无竞争条件下,林下生境紫茎泽兰幼苗生长速率比撂荒地生境的高,而在竞争条件下反之;（4）林下和撂荒地生境紫茎泽兰幼苗植株竞争强度差异不显著,但在林下生境其地上部分的竞争强度显著大于其在撂荒地生境的值,而根的竞争强度相反。可见,紫茎泽兰幼苗在种群建立的过程中具有不同的生态适应性和形态反应,这可能是其能成功入侵不同生境的一种重要生理生态策略。     

紫茎泽兰与伴生植物小藜的竞争效应及其生理生化特征

外来入侵物种紫茎泽兰（Ageratina adenophora Sprengel）是一种世界性入侵杂草,其与本地物种的竞争会对生态系统结构和演替造成严重影响,带来较大经济损失;拟通过分析紫茎泽兰与本地物种小藜的竞争效应及生理生化特征,以探讨外来入侵物种紫茎泽兰的竞争机理。在温室条件下,设置紫茎泽兰、小藜（Chenopodium serotinum）的种内和种间竞争盆栽试验,测定了两种植物不同处理下的植株生物量;并通过氮蓝四唑光化还原法、紫外吸收法、三氯乙酸法和酸性茚三酮法,分别测定了功能叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量。结果表明：紫茎泽兰与小藜混种时,紫茎泽兰的单株生物量、相对产量（RY）均显著高于小藜对应指标,其竞争平衡指数（CB）显著大于0,而相对产量总和（RYT）显著小于1。混种与单种的结果比较表明,紫茎泽兰的混种生物量比在单种时显著增高,增幅达22.01%;而小藜的混种生物量比在单种时显著降低,降低了44.81%。在混种中,紫茎泽兰功能叶片的丙二醛、脯氨酸含量均比在单种时显著降低,而超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性均比在单种时显著升高;小藜功能叶片的丙二醛含量显著高于单种,而脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性与单种无显著变化。这说明紫茎泽兰的相对竞争能力比小藜强,紫茎泽兰通过调整生理生化特征来应对种间竞争可能是其竞争取胜的重要策略。     

云南临沧地区公路两侧紫茎泽兰分布格局

云南省临沧地区是我国紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)传入最早和入侵危害最严重的地区。文章在该地区选取典型路段并设置了10个样地,以等级、路宽、路面状况、路龄、人类活动干扰不同的7条公路为研究对象,分析了紫茎泽兰生物量、株高和株数与距公路距离、公路宽度、景观类型、坡向及海拔的关系。结果表明,公路对紫茎泽兰生物量和株高有显著影响的最远距离为24m,而对株数的影响达34m;6m宽的公路对紫茎泽兰生物量和株数影响最显著,且路龄越长、交通干扰越大的公路两侧的紫茎泽兰入侵危害越严重;紫茎泽兰在公路附近的撂荒地和次生林两个景观类型中入侵危害严重,景观类型对生物量与坡向对株高的影响不显著,位于南坡公路附近的紫茎泽兰生物量和株数最高,研究发现公路附近紫茎泽兰总生物量随海拔升高而增加,在1700m达最大,随后则降低。     

部分菊科入侵种种子(瘦果)的萌发能力和幼苗建群特性

对入侵种种子生物学各方面的了解有助于更好地预测入侵趋势和评估可持续管理的策略.研究通过对部分菊科入侵种种子(瘦果)进行的室内萌发实验和土壤埋藏实验,通过与相关研究的对比和分析,对这些入侵种的萌发能力和幼苗建群特性进行了研究.10个入侵种种子室内萌发实验的结果表明,在25℃、12h光照的情况下,除钻形紫菀和一年蓬以外,被研究的其它8个种的终萌发率超过了50%,而且都显示出早期快速萌发的特点.用SPSS的曲线拟合工具对10个种的累积萌发趋势进行了曲线回归分析,对应的最佳模型均为三次曲线方程.不同土壤埋藏深度下幼苗出苗实验的结果表明,菊科8个入侵种的种子在表土的出苗率均最高,随着覆土厚度的增加,种子的出苗率逐渐降低,当覆土厚度超过3 cm以上时,所有种子均不能出苗.种子在不同的埋藏深度的出苗情况与种子的大小有关,较大种子破土能力相对较强;种子在不同的埋藏深度的出苗情况与种子本身的萌发能力也相关.土壤埋藏期限的实验结果表明,随埋藏时期的增加,小蓬草、苏门白酒草和一年蓬3个人侵种种子的活力逐步降低,在土壤中埋藏12个月后,其活力分别为21.34%、18.15%和27.38%.这些入侵种较广的种子萌发温度适应范围和高萌发率为防除工作带来了困难.在生产上,可通过不同时期的翻耕、将种子深埋等措施减少这些入侵种的危害.     

Pb、Cd及其复合污染对紫茎泽兰生长及吸收富集特征的影响

外来植物紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum）入侵我国西南地区并造成了严重的生态灾难,通过研究Pb、Cd及其复合污染对紫茎泽兰生长及吸收富集特征的影响,有助于从生态学角度为紫茎泽兰的综合防控提供依据。采用模拟Pb、Cd污染土壤培养法研究了不同浓度Pb、Cd及其复合污染作用下紫茎泽兰的生长响应及重金属吸收、富集和迁移特征变化。结果表明：低浓度的Pb、Cd对紫茎泽兰的生长有促进作用,高浓度则表现出一定的抑制作用,生物量,株高,根长均明显减少。紫茎泽兰体内Pb、Cd吸收量与污染土壤具有良好的相关性,随处理浓度增加明显增大,极端浓度Pb、Cd胁迫下紫茎泽兰各器官Pb、Cd积累量与对照相比显著增加,1000 mg·kg-1处理时紫茎泽兰根、茎、叶的Pb质量分数均分别高达603.69、568.31、598.85 mg·kg-1;100 mg·kg-1 Cd处理时其根、茎、叶的Pb、Cd累积量依次为165.21、93.59、152.79 mg·kg-1。说明紫茎泽兰对Pb、Cd具有较好吸收累积及转运能力,可作为重金属污染地区的一种理想的修复植物。     

黑麦草与入侵杂草紫茎泽兰苗期的相对竞争力

为研究利用黑麦草(Lolium perenne)替代种植治理外来入侵杂草紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)再入侵或新入侵丢荒地,采取复合deWit取代试验设计方法用盆栽植物研究了黑麦草和紫茎泽兰在苗期的相对竞争力,观察在若干密度梯度每密度下不同比例条件下两种植物的相对产量、相对产量总和以及竞争攻击力等参数,并比较其表型特征在不同竞争格局下的异同.黑麦草与紫茎泽兰在所有密度及其比例下的相对产量总和(RYT)均近似于1.0,说明这两种植物面临着对相同资源的直接竞争.竞争的结果是,在所有密度及其比例下,紫茎泽兰混种时的生物量均显著小于单种时的生物量(即相对产量RY小于1.0);而黑麦草的相对产量(RY)变化则恰恰相反.黑麦草的株高和地上生物量并不受混种竞争的显著影响(与单种无显著差异),分蘖数反而高于单种,表现出很强的竞争性;而紫茎泽兰在混种竞争下的株高、分株数和地上生物量均显著低于单种(无竞争),表现出较弱的竞争性.对利用黑麦草替代种植治理紫茎泽兰在机械防治后再入侵以及对丢荒地新入侵问题的可行性进行了讨论.图1表3参18     

飞机草的繁殖能力与种子的萌发特性

飞机草（Chromolaena odorata）是一种入侵性极强的外来杂草,现正在我国南部地区迅速传播,其繁殖特性与种子萌发对环境条件的适应能力是成功入侵扩散的前提。采用野外调查与室内试验相结合的方法,研究了飞机草的繁殖能力与种子的萌发特性。结果表明,飞机草能够进行无性繁殖,但其有性生殖能力更强,成熟植株的种子生产量高,种子质量轻,并且具有冠毛等附属结构。环境因子能够影响飞机草种子的萌发,其萌发的最适温度约为28℃,萌发过程中不需要特别的养分供应,并且能够忍耐一定程度的干旱胁迫。酸性环境能够促进飞机草种子的萌发,但当pH降至2.0时,其发芽率显著降低。掩埋处理能够抑制飞机草种子的萌发,当埋藏深度达3.0 cm时,所有的种子均不能正常萌发与出苗。     

Linking fruit traits to variation in predispersal vertebrate seed predation, insect seed predation, and pathogen attack

The importance of vertebrates, invertebrates, and pathogens for plant communities has long been recognized, but their absolute and relative importance in early recruitment of multiple coexisting tropical plant species has not been quantified. Further, little is known about the relationship of fruit traits to seed mortality due to natural enemies in tropical plants. To investigate the influences of vertebrates, invertebrates, and pathogens on reproduction of seven canopy plant species varying in fruit traits, we quantified reductions in fruit development and seed germination due to vertebrates, invertebrates, and fungal pathogens through experimental removal of these enemies using canopy exclosures, insecticide, and fungicide, respectively. We also measured morphological fruit traits hypothesized to mediate interactions of plants with natural enemies of seeds. Vertebrates, invertebrates, and fungi differentially affected predispersal seed mortality depending on the plant species. Fruit morphology explained some variation among species; species with larger fruit and less physical protection surrounding seeds exhibited greater negative effects of fungi on fruit development and germination and experienced reduced seed survival integrated over fruit development and germination in response to vertebrates. Within species, variation in seed size also contributed to variation in natural enemy effects on seed viability. Further, seedling growth was higher for seeds that developed in vertebrate exclosures for Anacardium excelsum and under the fungicide treatment for Castilla elastica, suggesting that predispersal effects of natural enemies may carry through to the seedling stage. This is the first experimental test of the relative effects of vertebrates, invertebrates, and pathogens on seed survival in the canopy. This study motivates further investigation to determine the generality of our results for plant communities. If there is strong variation in natural enemy attack among species related to differences in fruit morphology, then quantification of fruit traits will aid in predicting the outcomes of interactions between plants and their natural enemies. This is particularly important in tropical forests, where high species diversity makes it logistically impossible to study every plant life history stage of every species.     

Biotic processes in a coastal dunefield: An assessment of seed removal, with non-native seed removal experiments

The impact of granivores on coastal dune seed reserves may be high, increasing along a landward gradient from the littoral zone as the structural complexity of the habitat increases. Seasonal removal rates of non-native seeds by nocturnal and diurnal vertebrates and ants from experimental seed trays in two habitats within the Alexandria Coastal Dunefield, South Africa, were determined. Overall, seed removal was higher in the dune-field bush-pocket habitat than the landward thicket habitat. Nocturnal vertebrates were the most important seed removers within bush-pockets. The importance of nocturnal vertebrates decreased in the thicket and there was a shift in the dominant seed removers to diurnal vertebrates. Seed removal by ants and diurnal vertebrates did not differ significantly between the bush-pockets and thicket while that of nocturnal vertebrates showed a significant change. This can be ascribed to the abundance of the omnivorous murid rodentGerbillurus paeba exilis in the bush-pockets which is absent from thicket vegetation.     

Flexible seed selection by individual harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis

Summary Individual seed harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex) have been shown to specialize on specific seed types. We examined possible mechanisms for seed specialization and tested whether fidelity to food type limits the foraging decisions of individual western harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis. The seed selection regimes of individually marked ants foraging at piles of two seed types were described and related to differences in seed quality and colonial dietary history. Individual foraging choices were affected by multiple factors, including seed caloric rewards, the previous seed selected, and the dietary history of the colony. Individual seed choices generally converged on the most energetically profitable species, suggesting that foragers exhibit labile preference. However, for a portion of the foragers, seed specialization was also partially due to constancy, defined as a tendency to select seed species that were previously collected. When colonies were presented with one seed type for 1 h and then were offered a mix of that seed and a novel seed type, individuals showed a strong preference for the novel seeds. Such rapid changes in seed preference argue strongly that individual P. occidentalis ants are highly flexible in seed choice and that resource assessment by these ants is more complex than simple maximization of net energetic return.Offprint requests to: J.H. Fewell at the current address     

The importance of seed dispersal in the Alexandria Coastal Dunefield, South Africa

The endozoochorous dispersal of seeds by mammals and birds between distinct vegetation communities was assessed to determine the importance of these processes in coastal dune field management. Isolated pockets of thicket vegetation (bush-pockets) within a large coastal dune field provided the opportunity to study vertebrate seed dispersal and its contribution to their origin and maintenance. Mammalian and avian faeces were collected for the quantification of seeds dispersed via endozoochory. Birds and mammals showed considerable overlap, dispersing intact seeds of 17 and 29 plant species, respectively, but mammals dispersed a greater diversity and size range than birds. Extrapolation of mammalian faecal data indicates an annual input of 23 million intact seeds to the dune field. Significantly more seeds are deposited by mammals and birds in the bush-pockets than on open sand, and birds deposited greater numbers of seeds nearer the seed source. Zoochory appears to be critical for the maintenance of the bush-pocket habitats through the dispersal of climax woody plant species into the dune field. Directional dispersal by birds and mammals to the bush-pockets is considered to be responsible for the maintenance and possible origin of these bush-pockets. The high number of exotic plant propagules dispersed by both avian and mammalian zoochory highlights the importance of management of the Alexandria Coastal Dunefield (ACD) beyond the reserve boundaries. In a dynamic system such as the ACD which is within a declared nature reserve, the continued existence of the bush-pockets may depend on the maintenance, beyond the reserve boundaries, of a reservoir of not only plant material but vertebrate dispersers as well.     

Distribution,removal and chemical forms of heavy metals in polluted rice seed

In this paper, the distribution, removal and binding forms of heavy metals in polluted seeds of rice were studied using the methods of histochemistry and biochemistry. The results indicate that the distribution of heavy metals in rice grains was very uneven. The heavy metals in rice grains chiefly exist in association with the parts of high protein. Separation of proteins by Sephadex chromatography and subsequent analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that Cd, Pb and As were mainly bound to protein of 54.5 and 5.50 kD molecular weights. During the rice processing, the concentrations of heavy metals in the edible rice decrease greatly, for some heavy metals in these parts of chaff, coarse rice bran and fine rice bran were removed.     

Incorporating animal behavior into seed dispersal models: implications for seed shadows

Seed dispersal fundamentally influences plant population and community dynamics but is difficult to quantify directly. Consequently, models are frequently used to describe the seed shadow (the seed deposition pattern of a plant population). For vertebrate-dispersed plants, animal behavior is known to influence seed shadows but is poorly integrated in seed dispersal models. Here, we illustrate a modeling approach that incorporates animal behavior and develop a stochastic, spatially explicit simulation model that predicts the seed shadow for a primate-dispersed tree species (Virola calophylla, Myristicaceae) at the forest stand scale. The model was parameterized from field-collected data on fruit production and seed dispersal, behaviors and movement patterns of the key disperser, the spider monkey (Ateles paniscus), densities of dispersed and non-dispersed seeds, and direct estimates of seed dispersal distances. Our model demonstrated that the spatial scale of dispersal for this V. calophylla population was large, as spider monkeys routinely dispersed seeds >100 m, a commonly used threshold for long-distance dispersal. The simulated seed shadow was heterogeneous, with high spatial variance in seed density resulting largely from behaviors and movement patterns of spider monkeys that aggregated seeds (dispersal at their sleeping sites) and that scattered seeds (dispersal during diurnal foraging and resting). The single-distribution dispersal kernels frequently used to model dispersal substantially underestimated this variance and poorly fit the simulated seed-dispersal curve, primarily because of its multimodality, and a mixture distribution always fit the simulated dispersal curve better. Both seed shadow heterogeneity and dispersal curve multimodality arose directly from these different dispersal processes generated by spider monkeys. Compared to models that did not account for disperser behavior, our modeling approach improved prediction of the seed shadow of this V. calophylla population. An important function of seed dispersal models is to use the seed shadows they predict to estimate components of plant demography, particularly seedling population dynamics and distributions. Our model demonstrated that improved seed shadow prediction for animal-dispersed plants can be accomplished by incorporating spatially explicit information on disperser behavior and movements, using scales large enough to capture routine long-distance dispersal, and using dispersal kernels, such as mixture distributions, that account for spatially aggregated dispersal.     

Predispersal seed herbivores, not pollinators, exert selection on floral traits via female fitness

Herbivores that oviposit in flowers of animal-pollinated plants depend on pollinators for seed production and are therefore expected to choose flowers that attract pollinators. This provides a mechanism by which seed herbivores and pollinators could impose conflicting selection on floral traits. We measured phenotypic selection on floral traits of Lobelia siphilitica (Lobeliaceae) via female fitness to determine the relative strength of selection by pollinators and a specialist predispersal seed herbivore. We were able to attribute selection on flowering phenology to the herbivores. However, no selection could be attributed to pollinators, resulting in no conflicting selection on floral traits. Unlike pollinators, whose preference for certain floral traits does not always translate into higher fitness, any discrimination by seed herbivores is likely to decrease fitness of the preferred floral phenotype. Thus predispersal seed herbivores may be a significant agent of selection on floral traits.     

云南地区种子植物区系过渡性地理分布格局的群落尺度分析

探索植物区系过渡性的地理分布格局,对于理解植物区系的起源、迁移和分布具有重要意义。本研究利用620个植物群落样方,探讨了云南地区植物区系过渡性的地理分布格局及其生物地理意义。研究结果表明,随着纬度、海拔的升高,温带区系成分所占比重呈显著递增趋势,但在经度梯度上呈递减趋势;热带区系成分所占的比重在地理梯度上则表现为相反的变化趋势。地形格局较好地反映了区系成分的地理分布格局;热带区系成分所占比重与温带区系成分所占比重的比值从南到北呈递减趋势。区系过渡性的低值主要出现在滇西北地区和包括滇西南、滇东南与滇南在内的云南南部地区,而高值主要出现在云南中部地区和中海拔地区,这可能与区系迁移过程和海拔梯度有关。热带区系成分在云南地区基带植被中占主导地位;热带区系成分占优势地位的区域主要集中在低海拔地区,占云南土地面积的60％左右,而温带区系成分占优势地位的区域主要集中在高海拔的北部地区,占土地总面积的40％左右。本研究从基带植被的区系性质和温、热带植物区系成分占优势地位的土地面积的构成证实了云南地区可能是一个“热带山原”的假说。区系过渡性随着年平均温度的升高,呈先增强后减弱的单峰格局。当年均温在13．1℃左右时,出现区系平衡点。相对水平分布而言,云南地区植被的垂直分布可能更值得注意。     

Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

Seed germination of plants with various acid-resistance display different responses to acid rain. To understand the reason why such differences occur, the effects of simulated acid rain (pH 2.5–5.0) on the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) during seed germination of rice (O. sativa), wheat (T. aestivum), and rape (B. chinensis var. oleifera) were investigated. Results indicated that the maximum change in activities of CAT and POD by acid rain treatment with different acidity and time in relation to the referent treatment without acid rain, was in the order: rice (28.8%, 31.7%) < wheat (34.7%, 48.3%) < rape (79.3%, 50.0%). The pH level for which the treatment with acid rain did not cause significant difference (p < 0.05) was in the order: rice (3.5).wheat (4.0).rape (5.0). Moreover, the change in activity of POD was higher than that of CAT, which showed that POD was more sensitive to acid rain stress than CAT. The difference in the ability of POD and CAT in removing free radicals was one reason why the germination indexes of these three species behaved differently.     

Maximizing the phylogenetic diversity of seed banks

Ex situ conservation efforts such as those of zoos, botanical gardens, and seed banks will form a vital complement to in situ conservation actions over the coming decades. It is therefore necessary to pay the same attention to the biological diversity represented in ex situ conservation facilities as is often paid to protected‐area networks. Building the phylogenetic diversity of ex situ collections will strengthen our capacity to respond to biodiversity loss. Since 2000, the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership has banked seed from 14% of the world's plant species. We assessed the taxonomic, geographic, and phylogenetic diversity of the Millennium Seed Bank collection of legumes (Leguminosae). We compared the collection with all known legume genera, their known geographic range (at country and regional levels), and a genus‐level phylogeny of the legume family constructed for this study. Over half the phylogenetic diversity of legumes at the genus level was represented in the Millennium Seed Bank. However, pragmatic prioritization of species of economic importance and endangerment has led to the banking of a less‐than‐optimal phylogenetic diversity and prioritization of range‐restricted species risks an underdispersed collection. The current state of the phylogenetic diversity of legumes in the Millennium Seed Bank could be substantially improved through the strategic banking of relatively few additional taxa. Our method draws on tools that are widely applied to in situ conservation planning, and it can be used to evaluate and improve the phylogenetic diversity of ex situ collections. Maximizar la Riqueza Filogenética de los Bancos de Semillas