固相合成钛酸钙的光催化性能

采用CaCO3和TiO2作为原料,在1400℃、2h条件下烧结得到CaTiO3.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对高温处理后的混合物料进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝为降解物,研究了光照时间、pH值、溶液初始浓度、催化剂投加量对CaTiO3光催化性能的影响.实验结果表明,光照时间延长,亚甲基蓝降解率增加,但是亚甲基蓝被降解速率降低;碱性条件有利于CaTiO3对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解;CaTiO3对低浓度的亚甲基蓝溶液具有较高的光催化降解率;随着CaTiO3投加量增加,亚甲基蓝降解率增大,但是当CaTiO3投加量大于0.1g时,随着CaTiO3投加量的增加,亚甲基蓝的降解率几乎不变,甚至有所降低.     

Fe（0）/H_2O_2协同降解亚甲基蓝的研究

进行了Fe（0）和H2O2协同催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究,分析了Fe（0）投加量、H2O2投加量、溶液初始pH值和染料初始质量浓度等因素的影响。研究表明：Fe（0）和H2O2协同可有效催化降解亚甲基蓝;在pH为4.5,Fe（0）用量为2.0 g.L-1,H2O2用量为3.0 mmol.L-1时对10 mg.L-1亚甲基蓝的去除率在60 min内达到90%以上。MB的降解去除率随着Fe（0）投加量与H2O2用量的增加而增加,但随着其初始质量浓度的增大而降低。研究结果还表明,Fe（0）和H2O2可在接近中性条件下有效协同催化降解亚甲基蓝。UV-Vis光谱在反应过程的变化说明亚甲基蓝降解生成了一些小分子物质。     

钛磁铁矿异相Fenton法对亚甲基蓝模拟废水的脱色研究

本研究运用紫外可见光谱、傅立叶转换红外光谱和13C核磁共振谱以及水相中溶解性有机碳和固相上元素碳分析等技术对钛磁铁矿异相Fenton法脱色业甲基蓝的过程进行了研究.实验结果表明:钛磁铁矿异相Fenton法对亚甲基蓝的脱色速率远高于磁铁矿;在钛磁铁矿异相Fenton法脱色亚甲基蓝过程中,脱除的亚甲基蓝都已被降解,且钛磁铁矿没有发生相变;虽然钛磁铁矿异相Fenton法不能使亚甲基蓝矿化,但亚甲基蓝结构中的苯环已经被打开.     

水溶液中硝基苯的超声微电场降解

研究了超声微电场中硝基苯的降解过程，并探讨了降解机理及反应历程。结果表明，硝基苯的降解符合拟一级反应，超声与微电场的耦合协同作用大大提高了硝基苯的降解效率，在槽电压10V条件下，协同作用的降解速率比简单加和作用的速率高一倍以上，经过30min协同处理后可以获得93．8％的去除率，而溶液中饱和气体种类等对降民产生一定的影响，经紫外和SMPE－GC－MS分析，推断硝基苯在电超声场作用下存在氧化还原反应与热解、自由基作用等协同作用。主要中间降解产物为苯胺、偶氮苯、1－氧，2－苯基－二氮烯、1，2－苯二甲酸二丁酯、1，2－苯二甲酸丁酯异丁酯等，最终产物为CO2、水及无机盐类。     

水中2,4-二硝基酚超声降解的研究

研究不同添加剂对水中2,4-二硝基酚超声降解的影响,结果表明,CuO,CCl4,O3,KI和NaCl可有效促进2,4-二硝基酚的超声降解,而Na2CO3显著抑制其降解.2,4-二硝基酚超声降解主要归因于·OH等活性自由基的氧化作用.2,4-二硝基酚降解过程中析出的NO2-浓度先增加后减少,而NO3-浓度一直升高.     

pH值对零价铁还原降解模拟地下水中硝基苯的影响

通过批次实验,研究了不同pH值对零价铁还原模拟地下水中硝基苯的影响,结果表明:零价铁通过还原反应可有效降解地下水中的硝基苯,在控制pH值为3-12的硝基苯还原降解试验中,反应的最佳pH值为3;随着反应的进行pH值呈现逐渐升高的趋势;在各种pH值条件下,硝基苯的还原速率符合假一级动力学模型,表观速率常数kobs随pH值的降低而增加;硝基苯的还原速率和苯胺的生成速率都随pH值升高而减小;另外,零价铁还原硝基苯的最终还原产物为苯胺.     

重金属离子存在下黏土矿物表面蒽的光化学降解性能

探讨了蒽在Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni等重金属离子饱和的黏土矿物表面的光降解行为,研究了重金属离子种类,黏土矿物种类、p H、自由基捕获剂和氧气对黏土表面蒽降解速率的影响.研究表明,不同种类金属离子饱和的蒙脱石表面蒽的降解速率Cu2+Pb2+Zn2+Cd3+Ni2+Na+,其中Cu-蒙脱石表面蒽的光降解速率达78.8%;黏土矿物CEC值越高,可交换的铜离子含量越大,对蒽的光降解速率的促进作用越明显;Cu-蒙脱石表面蒽的光降解速率随p H值增大而逐渐减小,p H≥8.71时,蒽的降解率为0,其变化规律与Cu2+随p H值的存在形态的变化趋势相吻合.此外,蒽在Cu-蒙脱石表面的光降解速率随加入的对苯醌增多而减小,对苯醌含量达2.0 mg·g-1时蒽的降解率为0,无氧条件下蒽的降解率为0,推测该反应体系中有氧化活性自由基(O-2·)的产生,可能为光催化氧化降解起始因素之一.     

水中四环素的超声辐照降解

以四环素(TC)为研究对象,探讨了超声功率、初始浓度、pH值以及超声协同H2O2、TiO2、Na2CO3等组合工艺对超声降解TC效率的影响.实验结果表明,超声可有效降解水中低浓度的TC,尤其在碱性条件下,超声降解更为显著.加入H2O2、TiO2和Na2CO3在一定程度上都可以促进水中TC的降解.依据量化计算以及LC-MS测定结果,探讨了TC的超声降解机理,揭示超声降解水中TC主要是基于.OH自由基的氧化过程.     

纳米TiO2光催化降解直接耐晒蓝的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法以钛酸四丁酯制备TiO2纳米粉末，考察不同温度焙烧的TiO2催化剂对直接耐晒蓝的光催化降解性能，并用XRD和TEM对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，400-550℃焙烧的TiO2使直接耐晒蓝溶液的颜色逐渐褪去。最后将苯环结构分解。6h时染料溶液CODcr降解率为88％．降解产物中除含极微量有机酸外，其余均为无机物．当TiO2的焙烧温度为475℃时(颗粒大小为10-20nm)，反应速率最大，为0．0186min^-1，分别比焙烧温度为400℃和550℃时的反应速率大6．8和7．1倍．当体系起始pH值为4．50-7．52时，反应速率随pH值的降低而增大。     

热活化过硫酸盐降解水中的普萘洛尔

利用热活化过硫酸盐(PS)技术降解水中的普萘洛尔(PRO),探究PS初始浓度、温度、初始p H以及自然水体成分对其降解的影响.结果表明,PRO的降解过程符合准一级反应动力学规律,增加PS初始浓度和升高温度都可以显著提高PRO的降解速率常数(kobs).碱性条件下PRO的降解效果明显好于酸性和中性条件.自由基清除实验表明,在酸性和中性条件下,SO·-4是体系主要的氧化物种,而在碱性条件下,HO·对PRO的降解起主导作用.自然水体中的HCO-3对PRO的降解有显著的促进作用,而腐殖酸(HA)则强烈抑制PRO的降解.增加PS初始浓度可以显著提高PRO的矿化率.     

Iron-doped copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate as photo-Fenton catalyst for degradation of methylene blue

Abstract

A metal-organic framework of iron-doped copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate was synthesized and, for the first time, utilized as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for degradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The influence factors, kinetics, and stability of the synthesized catalysts were investigated in detail. Iron-doped copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate showed higher degradation efficiency than pure copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate. An almost complete degradation was achieved within 70?min under visible light irradiation at a solution pH of 6, a catalyst loading of 1?g?L^?1, a H₂O₂ dosage of 0.05?mol L^?1 and methylene blue concentration of 50?mg?L^?1. Recycling studies demonstrated that the iron-doped copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate is a promising heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for long-term removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater.     

Preparation of CuO/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and photocatalytic activity by degradation of methylene blue

A photocatalyst based on CuO/SiO₂ was prepared, and evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium. The photocatalyst was obtained by calcination method of copper salt, in the presence of silica. The characterization by XRD, FTIR, and TPR techniques confirmed the formation of CuO as active phase. SEM studies showed CuO deposited on the surface of SiO₂. By ESI-MS, it was demonstrated that the degradation of methylene blue occurs through successive hydroxylations. Photodegradation assays showed that CuO/SiO₂ was efficient for degradation, and that the material worked better in the presence of UV light.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of electrospun TiO2/polyacrylonitrile membranes in a crossflow reactor using dual lights

Photocatalytic membranes reactors have become one of the most efficient technologies to treat polluted waters. However, a major drawback is the unilateral irradiation of the membrane, where only one side of the membrane is exploited. To overcome this issue, we developed a reactor where the membrane can be irradiated on both sides. Polyacrylonitrile membranes containing different amounts of TiO₂ nanoparticles up to 60% were first prepared by electrospinning. These membranes were used in a 3D-printed crossflow photocatalytic membrane reactor for the degradation of methylene blue under different combinations of lights. The use of both sides of the photocatalytic membrane significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue in water. The prepared membranes showed the best decolorization rate for a loading of 60% of TiO₂ and the use of dual ultraviolet lights, where the methylene blue solution was completely discolored after 90 min. This is the first report of a such system configuration, and this new irradiation concept is promising for photocatalytic membrane reactions and water cleaning.

     

硝基苯水溶液的超声波降解动力学

以硝基苯为唯一底物，选择超声功率200W，400W，600W，800W，研究了超声降解硝基苯水溶液的动力学，实验证明，硝基苯超声降解属假一级动力学反应，同时得到了不同超声功率下的降解速率常数，以及速率常数与超声功率的线性相关关系和含有超声功率的动力学方程，采用色质分析，确定了硝基苯降解产物中含有邻硝基酚和对硝基酚。     

High adsorption of dyes by water hyacinth fixed on alginate

Pollution from synthetic dyes has emerged to be a significant environmental issue over the past few decades. This has mainly been triggered by the increasing global dye production, possible toxic effects, undesirable colour and high persistence in the environment. Biosorption, which involves dye removal from aqueous solution by passive linkage in live and dead biomass, has shown great potential in removing dyes from aquatic environments. Among aquatic macrophytes, water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, has shown great potential as a biosorbent. In this work, we investigated the removal of two basic dyes, methylene blue and crystal violet, using E. crassipes immobilized on alginate. Results showed that the Langmuir model better described the equilibrium sorption data when compared to the Freundlich model. Optimum amounts of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes were adsorbed in the alkaline pH range (8–10), 8 % biomass dose, and the amount of dye removed increased with increasing initial dye concentration. The equilibrium monocomponent adsorption capacities for the dyes were 111.1 and 43.5 mg/g, while the binary adsorption capacities were 26.1 and 11.6 mg/g for methylene blue and crystal violet, respectively. To conclude, we show for the first time that E. crassipes fixed on alginate beads can uptake and adsorb methylene blue and crystal violet dyes very effectively in batch systems and show great potential for dye removal from aquatic environments.     

Visible light sensitive activated carbon-metal oxide (TiO2, WO3, NiO,and SnO) nano-catalysts for photo-degradation of methylene blue: a comparative study

Four composites of metal oxide doped with activated carbon with a metal oxide weight of 20% were prepared using mechano-mixing method. The nano-catalysts were characterized by N₂-adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photo-catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV 254 nm and visible light was examined. In general, prepared catalysts are more active for degradation of dye under visible light than UV, reaching 96% within 180?min irradiation using the SnO catalyst. Photo-degradation of methylene blue followed pseudo first order reaction mechanism with a rate constant of 14.8?×?10^?3?min^?1, and the time required for removal of 50% of dye was 47?min.     

Selective photoreduction of acetonitrile to acetaldehyde in dilute aqueous solutions

Acetonitrile is a commonly used solvent in both industry and research. The treatment of acetonitrile wastes in dilute aqueous solutions with visible light offers advantages to chemical treatment and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This study presents the degradation of acetonitrile via a photoinduced electron transfer reaction in the presence of a photosensitizer (dye) and a sacrificial reductant under visible light. Acetonitrile photodegradation (photoreduction) was investigated utilizing a variety of sacrificial reductants and photosensitizers. Optimal results were observed in the presence of methylene green and tri-isopropanolamine with a decrease of acetonitrile in solution to 86% in 24 hours. The only photoreaction product observed was acetaldehyde and a plausible mechanism for the photochemical degradation of acetonitrile is proposed.     

Physicochemical aspects of using natural scavengers in removing methylene blue (basic dye) from solution

Effluent from dyeing and finishing processes is an important source of water pollution. The effectiveness of bentonite, kaolinite and sediment from a local deposit in removing methylene blue as a cationic dye from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The adsorption equilibrium (isotherm) has been determined according to Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The optimum amount is 0.5 g for all adsorbents, and the optimum pH ranges are 2-8 for bentonite and 2-6 for kaolinite and sediment. With respect to kinetic modelling, the adsorption of methylene blue on various adsorbents was fitted to a second-order equation. Also, the thermodynamic parameters were determined. The negative free energy values indicate the feasibility of the process and spontaneous nature of adsorption. The positive ΔH° values indicate the endothermic nature of the process. Thus, Egyptian clay minerals and sediments have a great tendency to remove the dye from solutions.