活水调度联合人工湿地治理黑臭水体应用研究

淮安市属于平原河网,经常出现河流静滞的水动力不足现象,加重城市内河的黑臭现象。为彻底消除黑臭,确保水域呈现“河畅、水清、岸绿、景美”的生态美景,根据研究区域污染源成因分析及整治条件,拟定了水质改善和水动力改善综合方案。利用自然高差及泵站提升的方式对新路圩河及周边3条河道进行泵闸联合调度,减少水体停留时间。同时设置人工湿地,通过生物修复治理黑臭水体。经改造后新路圩河水质由《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)劣Ⅴ类水体提升至Ⅳ类水体,水体流速提升至0.05 m/s以上,常规污染物去除率最高达90%,溶解氧和透明度提高30%。分析结果可为新路圩河流域治理及其他同类工程提供依据和参考。     

北方城市干涸河流生态环境治理途径

以滹沱河石家庄市区段为例,针对目前我国北方城市干涸河流治理和改造存在的问题,提出"以绿代水"的生态恢复与重建模式。在对河流进行生态输水、水资源合理管理与调度的同时,选择适宜的研究尺度,恢复流域内自然植被,实现河道中心区草本滞洪补潜、缓冲区灌木束水导流、杨柳护堤造岸、过渡区林果防风固沙的"绿色滹沱",为北方城市干涸河流的生态环境治理提出新的理念和途径。     

河湖相连水系水体污染控制技术与策略

太湖流域上游洮滆水系河湖相连,湖荡密布。以滆湖—太滆运河、漕桥河—太湖为例,分析了该区域水系特征、生态状况、水环境污染现状及存在的主要问题,提出河湖相连水系污染治理控制方案。通过加强流域污染物的源头控制,削减污染负荷,控污与生态修复相结合,提高湖荡自然净化能力和生态系统自我修复能力,拦截并净化水系入湖污染物,为入湖河流提供清洁水源;对入湖河流集水区各类污染源进行治理,拦截和控制沿线污染物进入入湖河流,建成清水河道,提高入湖河流自然净化能力,使污染物在入湖河流运移过程中进一步削减,在河湖连结处等关键水域构建强化净化污染物的生态拦截工程,再次削减入湖污染物,并对水系各污染控制要素进行系统调控和优化配置,在上游地区构建太湖污染防控和水环境保护的安全屏护体系。     

以有机污染为主的河流治理技术研究进展

借鉴国外污染河流治理与修复的经验,并结合我国当前严重的河流污染形势,介绍了以有机污染为主的河流治理技术的研究进展。根据污染河水处理系统与河道的相对空间关系,河流治理技术可分为三类,第一类是将河水引出河道水系,引入附近的污水处理厂进行处理的异地处理法,其中截污工程是异地处理法的关键;第二类是在河道内建设处理系统,沿程进行河水净化的原位处理法,如河道内的曝气法、投菌法、生物膜法和化学法等;第三类是在河岸带上建设处理系统,将河水分流其中进行处理的旁路处理法,如建于河岸上的人工湿地处理系统、氧化塘以及多种形式的生物床或生物反应器等,旁路处理法起着人工强化河岸带的作用,是目前受污染河流治理中值得关注的一条新思路。受污染河流的具体处理方法及空间位置的选择,需要根据实际情况而定。     

连云港市水环境整治规划研究

本文在“控源导流”思想的指导下，根据连云港市水环境污染现状，提出了连云港市水环境整治规划方案，它包括蔷薇河水源保护工程、新沂河污水资源化生态工程、市区（新海地区）污水治理工程、石梁河水库水源保护工程和四县城区污水治理工程五大工程，试图根治连云港市水污染。     

基于主成分分析和水质标识指数的天津地区主要河流水质评价

于2009年5月(枯水期)、8月(丰水期)、11月(平水期)对天津地区蓟运河、潮白新河、永定新河、金钟河、北塘排污河、黑猪河、海河、大沽排污河、独流减河、青静黄排水渠、子牙新河和北排水河12条主要河流的水质进行监测,并对监测数据进行主成分分析,构建水质评价指标体系,采用水质标识指数进行水质评价。结果表明,主成分分析与水质标识指数相结合的评价方法客观可靠。从时间分布来看,枯水期水质最差,58.3%的河流为劣Ⅴ类水质,部分河流已经黑臭,8月水质较好。从综合水质标识指数来看,海河以南河流污染较为严重。该地区河流NH3-N污染最为严重,其次是BOD5、CODMn和TP,属于有机型及富营养化污染。     

洹河综合整治及其生态效益分析

文章对安阳市区主要地表水资源洹河的环境及生态综合整治工程进行评价，分析了其产生的环境、生态、经济和社会综合效益。     

城市河涌水污染特征及治理措施

通过实地调查,对广州市河涌水污染现状进行了评价,总结了城区河涌水污染特征;并采用渗流沙滤法对在线处理河涌水和采用混凝土生态膜法岸边处理河涌水的工艺技术可行性,进行了实验分析;并针对广州市河涌特点,提出了综合治理河涌水污染的技术措施。     

上海桃浦河水质现状分析与污染评价

桃浦河是上海苏州河的重要支流之一,其水质状况令人堪忧。选取桃浦河15个采样点,通过实地观测和室内实验分析,测得水体NH_4~+-N、COD_(Mn)、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N等相关指标。运用国标对照、单因子评价法、模糊综合评价法等方法对桃浦河水体进行综合分析。结果表明桃浦河DO含量较低,NH_4~+-N含量超标严重,为劣5类水,水体自净能力总体较差,其中南段河流自净能力较好,其次为中段、北段。基于上述研究,提出了桃浦河整治的多项措施。     

宜兴市莲花荡水系整治工程前后生态健康评价

以入太湖莲花荡水系为研究对象,结合2015年4个季度9个采样点的水质学、生物学共7个指标生态调查数据,采用多指标综合评价法,从生物完整性、化学完整性2个方面评价了莲花荡水系整治工程前后的生态健康状况。结果表明,2015年第1、2季度健康状况较差,健康的样点个数分别为3和1,在2015年6月开展清淤工程及集约化畜禽产业整改后,3、4季度健康状况明显改善,健康样点个数分别达到9和7。影响莲花荡水系化学完整性的主要水质指标是TN、TP,3、4季度TN仍超出地表水Ⅴ类标准,处于严重病态,TP为地表IV类标准,处于病态。影响莲花荡水系生物完整性的主要因子是底栖动物,仅监测到20种耐污能力较高的底栖动物物种,而未发现清洁物种。为了进一步改善莲花荡水系生态健康状况,建议开展沿岸农村生活污水的截污治理、农业面源的生态拦阻等污染源控工程,辅以生态岸带建设及湖滨带生态修复等工程。     

用大型底栖动物和ODP系统评价珠江的有机污染

采用大型底栖动物需氧有机体百分率ODP(oxygen demander percentage)法对广州珠江前航道、西航道和流溪河的下游段进行河流有机污染评价.结果显示:底栖动物需氧类群密度在三河段间分布确有显著性差异,并根据其ODP可以判断流溪河水质相对较好,水质级别为中国地表水环境质量标准(EQSSW)Ⅳ级,西航道和前航道水质级别都为Ⅴ级.通过测试,这一方法能成功地应用在珠江及流溪河,且该法可以较好地匹配于EQSSW五级评价系统,初步认为ODP系统可以成为一个较好的河流水质生物监测方法.图3表4参13     

典型城市黑臭河道水体生物毒性研究

以黑臭为特征的城市内河污染近来受到关注,检测和分析污染河流水质的生物毒性对水质标识和生态评价十分必要。本研究逐月检测了温州市九山外河(JS River)和山下河(SX River)两条典型黑臭河道水样对斑马鱼、发光细菌和热带爪蟾胚胎的毒性效应。结果显示,黑臭河道水体对斑马鱼、发光细菌(青海弧菌Vibrio Qinghaiensis Q67)和爪蟾胚胎均具有毒性效应。以斑马鱼死亡率和发光细菌相对抑光率表征的水质综合毒性较一致,且以发光细菌更为敏感。爪蟾胚胎致畸实验主要通过存活率和畸形率来表征水体的毒性。3类生物监测均显示SX水体毒性明显高于JS整体毒性,这与两条河黑臭程度相一致。通过发光细菌检测水体综合毒性的分析,显示SX和JS水体毒性在5月-8月的夏季较高,冬春季节较低,表明黑臭河道水质毒性季节性变化与水体温度(T)和溶解氧(DO)值关系密切。本研究结果可为污染水体生物毒性检测和黑臭水体综合评价及后续治理提供依据。     

Duckweed Landoltia punctata purifies micro-polluted surface water and produces starch北大核心CSCD

Aquatic plant duckweed has remarkable potential in nutritional water purification and starch accumulation; at present, it has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the ability of duckweed in nutrient recovery from micro-polluted surface water; further, the starch accumulation capacity of duckweed was evaluated. The results showed that duckweed can achieve better depth treatment of the micro-polluted surface water, within 1-day treatment, by duckweed. Ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus status of Class V and worse than class V water was improved to a superior level; moreover, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates were 98.5% and 82.9%, respectively. In addition, duckweed can rapidly accumulate starch during water treatment. The starch content of duckweed was 28.38% and 21.57% (dry weight) in Class V and worse than class V wastewater after 3 days of treatment, respectively, and reached 52.15% and 49.58% on day 15. Moreover, additional carbon dioxide (CO2) supplementation promoted the starch production. The starch content increased by 55.7% compared with that of control, and the average starch accumulation rate increased by 2.72 times in 3 days. Therefore, duckweed can not only rapidly purify micro-polluted water, but also accumulate a large amount of starch. This study forms the basis for wastewater treatment and post-treatment utilization of duckweed biomass. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

珠江水质和含氮消毒副产物的时空变化

研究区域是珠江广东省段的3条干流(西江、北江、东江)及交汇处(广州),目标是研究分析2年内29个采样点的常规水质指标的时空变化及溶解性有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)对于消毒副产物生成势(specific disinfection byproduct formation potential,SDBPFP)的影响.结果表明,对于常规水质指标浓度而言,在时间上,西江、北江、东江三者基本无变化,但交汇处有稍微的变化,一般在7、10月份浓度偏高;在空间上,各干流及交汇处沿径流方向浓度呈逐渐增大趋势,且交汇处水质指标的浓度普遍高于干流.水体的PO34-浓度、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)浓度最高分别超出《国家地表水环境质量》Ⅴ类水质标准10倍、4倍.溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)浓度与UV254呈良好的线性关系,R2=0.901;但DON与卤乙腈(halogenacetonitrile,HANs)浓度的线性关系较差,R2为0.440.卤乙腈生成势(specific halogen acetonitrile formationpotential,SHANFP)与DOC/DON比值基本无线性关系.     

Temporal dimension and water quality control in an emission trading scheme based on water environmental functional zone

Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period, emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ.     

Scenario analysis of water pollution control in the typical peri-urban river using a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model

The water quality pollution and ecological deterioration in peri-urban rivers are usually serious under rapid urbanization and economic growth. In the study, a typical peri-urban river, Nansha River, was selected as a case study to discuss the scheme of peri-urban river rehabilitation. Located in the north part of the Beijing central region, the Nansha River watershed has been designated as an ecologically friendly garden-style area with high-tech industry parks and upscale residential zones. However, the Nansha River is currently seriously contaminated by urban and rural pollutants from both nonpoint sources (NPS) and point sources (PS). In this study, the pollutant loads from point sources and nonpoint sources in the Nansha River watershed were first assessed. A coupled model, derived from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, was developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality in the Nansha River. According to the characteristics of the typical peri-urban river, three different PS and NPS control scenarios were designed and examined by modeling analyses. Based on the results of the scenario analysis, a river rehabilitation scheme was recommended for implementation.     

Evaluating the seasonal changes of water quality of the Değirmendere and Galyan Rivers (Trabzon, Turkey)

The De?irmendere and Galyan (De?irmendere tributary) Rivers that discharge their water into the Black Sea are important watersheds in the northeastern part of Turkey. Water quality parameters were sampled from 1997 through 2001 for each year at five sites (three for Galyan, two for Degirmendere) along 29 and 42 km gradients, respectively covering all seasons. Surface water was collected from the sites and analyzed for temperature, total alkaline (MAAL), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), total hardness (TH), phenolphthalein alkalinities (PAL) and organic matter (PV). Seasonal changes of water quality were analyzed statistically for both Rivers and evaluated according to the TS 266, EU and WHO standards. The analysis of variance results showed that Ca, Mg, MAL, NO3, pH, TDS and TH parameters of the De?irmendere River and Ca, DO, EC, MAL, NO3, pH and TH parameters of the Galyan River showed seasonal differences (p<0.05). The maximum values of the water pollution parameters for the two Rivers were below the threshold values throughout the study period. When both Rivers were compared, the mean values of the pollution parameters of the Degirmendere River were higher than those of the Galyan River and very close the limits. The results indicate that both Rivers can be used for the production of potable water during all seasons but only with an advanced treatment in the De?irmendere and a moderate treatment in the Galyan River, and for indirect and non-contact recreational activities.     

三唑酮对大型溞21天慢性毒性效应

三唑类杀菌剂是一种在农业上广泛应用的广谱性杀菌剂.三唑类杀菌剂在农田施用后能够向土壤深处迁移和扩散,从而污染土壤和地下水体,因此三唑类杀菌剂对土壤生态环境能够造成一定的破坏.选择三唑酮为研究对象,参照经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Develop...