我国自然保护区生态评价指标和评价标准

本文针对我国自然保护区的实际状况，筛选出多样性、代表性、稀有性、自然性、面积适宜性及脆弱性和人类威胁等诸项指标进行分析、比较和解析，进而制定了一套较为系统完整而又操作简便的生态评价体系、评价方法和评价标准。该标准适用于自然生态系统类和野生生物类自然保护区生态状况的定量评价。     

污泥中活性铝的溶出及形态分布

利用KCl,NH4Ac,HCl,NaOH四种化学浸提液将污水厂初沉污泥中的活性铝溶出，根据不同的溶出机理，得到铝的委员长中化学形态，进行定量测定，得到污泥中活性铝的形态分布，为污泥的合理利用提供一些信息。     

增城市土地利用的景观生态研究

土地利用的景观生态学研究是在土地利用的研究中产生并发发展起来的，以协调人与景观的相互，达到合理利用土地为目的。在景观生态学和土地利用的相关理论的指导下，选取反映景观生物的一些结构、功能指标，通过定性和定量相结合的方法对增城市的土地利用的特征进行生态分析和研究，为达到土地的合理利用和各景观类型间协调发展的目标而提供量化的依据。     

利用前线分子轨道能预测有机物生物毒性的方法

本文以线性自由能理论为基础提出了一种利用分子轨道能预测有机物生物毒性的方法，并利用这种方法建立了预测氯代芳烃化合物发光菌毒性的定量相关方程。     

大气气溶胶无机组成的FTIR测定及与离子色谱分析的比较

利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪，固体制样方式，对北京市中关村地区的气溶胶样品中的无机组成进行了分析，并对气溶胶样品中的ＳＯ４＾２－，ＮＨ４＾＋和ＮＯ３＾－进行了定量测定，为检验ＦＴＩＲ测定法的可靠性，将ＦＴＩＲ法与离子色谱的测定结果进行了对照分析，结果表明，ＳＯ４＾２－和ＮＨ４＾的ＦＴＩＲ测定结果与离子色谱有较好的相关性。     

环境样品中非邻位取代共平面多氯联苯的测定

本文对测定实际环境样品中痕量非邻位取代共平面多氯联苯的方法进行了研究。样品萃取，净化后，经活性碳性层析分离，利用ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ毛细管柱双柱定性，外标法进行定量，测定了土壤和鱼肌肉中μｇ·ｋｇ＾－１数量级的３，３‘，４，４’－四氯联苯及ｎｇ·ｇｋｇ＾－１数量级的３，３‘，４’，５－五氯联苯。     

栉孔扇贝内参基因稳定性研究

合适的内参基因对准确定量目标基因表达水平非常重要。利用实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)分析了不同发育阶段和雌激素暴露条件下栉孔扇贝性腺组织中β-actin、β-TUB、EF-lα、18SrRNA和GAPDH5个内参基因的表达水平,并利用RefFinder软件对其表达稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:在所考察的内参基因中,EF-lα在栉孔扇贝不同发育阶段和雌激素暴露下的表达均最为稳定,可作为定量目标基因表达水平的内参基因之一。     

城市基础设施与社会经济协调发展的定理评价方法与应用

研究了城市基础设施与社会经济协调发展的定量评价方法，提出衡量协调发展的定量指标及计算方法，并依据此方法对郑州市基础设施与社会经济协调发展状进行评价。     

应用Hasse图解法筛选优先污染物

本文着重分析了Hasse图解法的原理及指标选择等问题，并根据南京北河口水源地枯水期定量检出的有机污染物，利用自编的计算机应用程序，初步尝试了通过Hasse图解法预测丰水期中最有可能被检测出的有机污染物。     

环境空气中的28种异味物质罐采样-气相色谱质谱法定量及半定量分析方法的建立

本文建立了28种环境空气中异味物质采用罐采样-气相色谱质谱分析方法，该方法在1—20 nmol·mol^-1范围内线性良好，方法检出限为0.001—0.03 nmol·mol^-1，方法性能指标满足精确定量要求.将28种异味物质和4种内标相关信息导入生成专用异味数据库，该数据库包含保留指数、气味阈值、气味描述、校准曲线等信息，可实现无标准品时对环境空气中异味物质进行半定量筛查.通过标准品和厂界环境空气实际样品进行验证，采用精确定量和数据库半定量，结果差异均在可接受范围.     

Effect of soil acidification on yield and quality of tea tree in tea plantations from Anxi county,Fujian Province北大核心CSCD

In order to investigate the effect of tea tree rhizosphere soil acidification on yield and quality of tea tree, the pH value, yield, and quality index of fresh tea leaves of different ages were analyzed, and the correlation between rhizosphere soil acidification and ages, yield, and quality index were studied from nine tea plantations in Anxi county, Fujian Province. The results showed that 37.67% of the nine soils were acidified, and 10.03% of them were suitable for planting tea tree. Furthermore, the results indicated that the age of tea tree was significantly and negatively correlated with the soil pH value, as shown by a decrease in soil pH values associated with an increase in tree age. In addition, the yield of spring and fall crops of tea from these nine plantations were all significantly and positively correlated with the pH value, with correlation coefficients distribution values of 0.912-0.952 and 0.898-0.973, respectively. In addition, quality indices, including polyphenols, theanine, and caffeine for the nine tea plantations were all significantly and positively correlated with their soil pH values, and their correlation coefficient distribution values were 0.897-0.959, 0.908-0.974, and 0.907-0.975, respectively. Above all, as tea tree ages increased, rhizosphere soil acidity was significantly increased, and yield and quality of tea presented a statistically significantly up/down trend. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

三叶虫茶茶多酚提取工艺研究

研究萃取-沉淀法从虫茶中提取分离茶多酚的影响因素.采用单因素循环法考虑各影响因素,得出三叶虫茶茶多酚的最优提取工艺.用回流法提取茶多酚,并用单因素循环法分别考察提取剂、沉淀剂、转溶酸、萃取次数对茶多酚提取率的影响,用紫外-可见分光光度法对提取液进行检测.用萃取-沉淀法从虫茶中提取分离茶多酚,以80%丙酮作提取剂,Zn Cl2作沉淀剂,盐酸转溶的效果较为理想.结论表明,萃取-沉淀法提取分离虫茶中茶多酚,所需要的有机溶剂少,能耗低,纯度高,具有可行性.图4,表5,参14.     

间作杉木对茶园土壤及茶树叶片重金属含量与分布的影响

以单作茶园和杉木—茶间作茶园为研究对象，测定间作杉木对茶园土壤及茶树叶片重金属元素含量及分布的影响。结果表明：（1）间作杉木可降低茶园土壤Pb、Ni、Mn、Zn元素含量，尤其对Mn有较强吸收能力，其次为Ni、Pb、Zn；（2）间作茶园茶树叶片Pb、Mn、Cu、Zn含量均显著低于单作茶园，说明间作杉木对减少茶叶中4种重金属含量，改善茶叶品质可起到明显作用。     

施用碱渣对茶园土壤酸度和茶叶品质的影响

开展田间小区试验研究了不同施用量条件下碱渣对酸化茶园土壤的酸度和茶叶品质的影响.结果表明,施用碱渣可以显著提高土壤pH、土壤交换性盐基和盐基饱和度,降低土壤交换性酸和交换性铝含量,并使土壤中钙、镁养分保持合理比例.施用碱渣提高了茶叶中茶多酚、儿茶素、咖啡碱、氨基酸和叶绿素含量,降低了茶叶中铅含量,使茶叶品质得到改善.碱渣施用量为4 500 kg·hm-2时,可将土壤pH值调节至5.51,达到最适合茶树生长的酸度条件,该条件下生产的茶叶品质也最佳,茶叶茶多酚、儿茶素、咖啡碱、氨基酸和叶绿素含量分别比对照提高22.5%、27.8%、34.9%、69.0%和52.1%,而Pb含量下降51.2%.     

有机复肥对作物品质的影响初报

对小白菜、茶叶和番茄的大田及盆栽试验表明,与无机肥相比,有机复肥对作物的品质有良好的影响。施用有机复肥使小白菜和茶叶的硝酸盐含量下降,番茄的次果率减少而贮藏期延长。推广有机复肥,对于发展高产、优质、高效农业意义重大。     

土壤调理剂对稻米中镉含量及其品质的影响

近年来土壤调理剂被大量投入到重金属污染农田治理修复中,大部分产品使用后可以达到农产品质量安全的效果,但对农产品品质影响方面关注较少。选取市面上销量较大的4种(A、B、C、D)土壤调理剂,通过早、晚两造水稻大田验证试验结果来评价调理剂对水稻生长的影响,对指导实际安全生产具有重要的意义。结果表明,施用土壤调理剂可以增加水稻产量,增幅在2%—6%之间;使稻米的镉含量降低18%—48%,调理剂的增产控Cd效果表现为早稻均优于晚稻。稻米中直链淀粉含量有不同程度的增加,晚稻效果更加明显,含量均处于国家优质米直链淀粉含量(14%—20%)之间。各处理稻米蛋白质含量均有提高,晚稻稻米中蛋白质含量整体高于早稻。施用调理剂可以增加稻米矿物质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn在稻米中的积累,其中调理剂C对提高早稻稻米Ca、Cu、Zn含量效果最好;调理剂B对提高早稻稻米Mg、Fe、Mn含量效果最好,且也有利于提高晚稻稻米Fe含量;调理剂A对提高晚稻Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn效果最好;调理剂D对提高晚稻稻米铜元素含量效果最好。相关性分析结果表明,稻米中6种矿物质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn均与稻米中Cd含量呈现负相关关系,并达到显著或极显著水平,说明提高稻米中矿物质元素含量能有效抑制镉向稻米中转移。     

Influences of charcoal and bamboo charcoal amendment on soil-fluoride fractions and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants

High levels of fluoride in tea plants pose a potential health risk to humans who drink tea. It has been demonstrated that tea plant fluoride is closely related to the available fluoride in soil. But approaches that could be used to regulate the availability of fluoride in soil have been rarely seen. This study aims to investigate how the addition of charcoal and bamboo charcoal affected soil fluoride availability and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants. In a microcosm experiment, tea plants were grown in the tea garden soil mixed with different amounts of charcoal and bamboo charcoal [that is, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0?% (w/w)]. Soil-fluoride fractions and fluoride accumulated in tea plants were determined using the sequential extraction and ion selective electrode method. Obtained results showed that both charcoal and bamboo charcoal additions significantly enhanced the concentrations of Fe/Mn oxide-bound fluoride, but significantly reduced the concentrations of water-soluble and exchangeable fluoride (p?相似文献   

福州鼓山茶园不同生境空气负离子浓度及其影响因子

为研究福州市鼓山茶园不同生境空气负离子浓度空间分布规律以及空气负离子与其环境因子的关系,以茶园内7种生境作为研究对象,对各生境空气负离子浓度及环境因子进行测定。结果表明,茶园内7种生境空气负离子浓度由高到低为乔木群落高海拔茶园池塘有机茶园草地空地常规茶园,其平均负离子浓度分别为924、892、770、761、754、617、601个/cm3;在观测高度范围内(50~150cm),空气负离子浓度大致存在随海拔高度升高而增加的趋势,且150cm高度处空气负离子浓度显著大于50cm高度;各生境空气负离子与相对湿度呈极显著正相关关系,与温度、风速、气压及海拔相关性不显著;鼓山茶园空气质量总体较为清洁,各生境空气质量评价系数CI均在0.50以上,且空气质量评价系数CI值大致存在随海拔高度而增加的趋势。     

Trace Metal Contents (Al, Cu and Zn) of Tea: Tea and Soil from Two Tea Plantations, and Tea Products from Different Provinces of China

The present project aims to investigate the possible contamination of teas with the trace metals: Al, Cu and Zn. Tea bushes sampled from two tea plantations in the northern part of Guangdong Province accumulated higher concentrations of Cu and Zn in young leaves, and of Al in old leaves. The analysis of the three metals in tea produced in different provinces indicated higher Al levels in those obtained from Guangdong and Yunnan Provinces, which may be due to the lower soil pH in these areas. Green tea had the lowest Al concentration among the four types of tea studied, as only the bud and two young leaves are used, whereas older leaves are used for other types of tea (black, Oolong and Puerh tea). The transfer of Al, Cu and Zn from soil to different parts of tea bushes was low in general, except for Zn at Lechang tea plantation which next to a Pb/Zn mine, where a higher transfer was observed from young leaves to tea products, indicating possible metal contamination during tea processing. However, low concentrations of Cu and Zn (less than 0.07 mg Cu L^-1 and 0.17 mg Zn L^-1), and moderate amounts of Al (2.1-2.5 mg L^-1) were obtained in the tea liquor (1% hot water extracts).     

EoCM(绿色成本管理)理论及其在浙江省的实践

EoCM是德国技术合作公司专门为中小企业研制的环境管理工具,使企业获得经济效益、环境效益和组织管理效益。中德合作《浙江省企业环保咨询》支持的浙江省2004年EoCM示范项目成功实践表明:EoCM可以作为清洁生产审核的一种工具,能够帮助企业实现清洁生产,企业实施EoCM实现了“三赢”,而且还得到了5%的劳动场所改善和5%的产品质量改善。