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有机膦萃取分离制革污泥淋滤液中Cr和Fe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(D2EHPA)和磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,萃取分离制革污泥淋滤液中的Cr3 与Fe3 .结果表明,在pH 2.2时,采用5?EHPA-正己烷萃取体系,Fe3 的萃取率达到99%,有效地分离了制革污泥淋滤液中的Fe3 和Cr3 .以5 mol·l-1的盐酸作为反萃剂反萃负载有机相,20min时的反萃率可以达到90%左右.以TBP和 D2EHPA为萃取剂萃取分离Cr3 与Fe3 时,降低了污泥淋滤液中Fe3 的萃取率,这是由于TBP的加入降低了D2EHPA的有效浓度.同时TBP的加入阻碍了萃取物分子和反萃剂的接触,降低了Fe3 的反萃率. 相似文献
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《环境化学》2016,(11)
邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)是一种高分子量的邻苯二甲酸酯(PAE),因高用量、难降解性成为一种全球性的有机污染物.从二沉池活性污泥中筛选出一株革兰氏阴性菌,能够以DEHP作为唯一碳源和能源,高效降解DEHP,命名为XB.基于其形态、生化特性以及16S r RNA基因序列分析,鉴定为Pseudomonas sp..优化其降解100 mg·L~(-1)DEHP的条件,结果表明最佳降解条件为:温度30—35℃,p H 7.0.同时,不同初始浓度下DEHP的降解动力学研究表明Pseudomonas sp.XB对DEHP的降解符合一阶动力学模型.当DEHP浓度为100 mg·L~(-1)时,降解半衰期大约为8.25 h.通过GC-MS检测到了菌株XB降解DEHP的代谢产物,如邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)单酯(MEHP)和2-乙基己基醇,推导了其降解途径.菌株Pseudomonas sp.XB还可以以其他3种常见PAEs(DMP、DEP、DBP)、苯酚、苯甲酸钠以及邻苯二甲酸等有机化合物为唯一碳源和能源生长,表明其降解环境有毒物质的能力.结果证明Pseudomonas sp.XB作为生态修复PAEs生物强化菌具有潜在的适用性. 相似文献
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《环境化学》2018,(12)
本文研究了二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(P204)-熔融石蜡对废水中Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的固液萃取行为.探讨了水相的酸度、萃取剂P204用量及搅拌时间等对废水中Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的萃取率的影响.结果表明,当p H=2.5时,Cu~(2+)萃取率几乎达到100%,远高于Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+);当P204用量为0.05 mL时,水相中Co~(2+)不被萃取,Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)萃取率不到60%;当搅拌时间为3 min时,Ni~(2+)萃取达到平衡,萃取完全,Cu~(2+)和Co~(2+)萃取平衡时间需要7 min.用斜率法确定其萃取机理,测定并计算出表观萃取平衡常数Kex和相关热力学参数. 相似文献
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温度驱动的离子液体分散液-液微萃取法同时检测环境水体中磺胺类药物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以l-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸离子液体([C8MIM][PF6])为萃取剂,利用温度驱动离子液体分散液-液微萃取技术,结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定环境水体中2种磺胺类化合物:磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶(sulfadimethoxine,SDM)和磺胺甲噁唑(sulfamethoxazole,SMZ).对影响萃取效果的一系列因素(萃取剂、分散剂、萃取剂和分散剂的体积、pH、温度、萃取时间、盐度和离心时间等)进行了优化,在最优条件下,该方法具有较宽的线性范围(2—200μg.L-1)、较低的检出限(SDM,1.22μg.L-1;SMZ,0.50μg.L-1)、良好的重现性(RSD:SDM,1.94%;SMZ,1.9%;n=7)和较高的准确性(回收率,SDM,88.7%;SMZ,101.3%;n=7).以该方法对几处环境水样进行测定,获得了良好的回收率(63.0%—124.0%;RSD:2.1%—4.9%;n=6). 相似文献
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邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的酶促降解性的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
测定了Pseudomonas fluorescens FS1的邻苯二甲酸酯降解酶对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的降解特性;提出了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯酶促降解的途径,Pseudomonas fluorescens FS1细胞中的颗粒部分、溶液部分对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯都具有降解作用,Pseudomonas fluorescens FS1的邻苯二甲酸酯降解酶尾胞内酶;Pseudomonas fluorescens FS1 相似文献
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Solid substrate fermentation of cassava fibrous residue for production of alpha-amylase, lactic acid and ethanol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ray RC Mohapatra S Panda S Kar S 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(1):111-115
There is serious concern about the disposal of solid residues left after large scale extraction of starch from cassava. Owing to the high starch content (55-65% on dry weight basis) and organic matter of these wastes, an attempt has been made to utilize it for the production of three bioproducts, i.e. alpha-amylase, lactic acid and ethanol in solid substrate fermentation by incubating the solid residue at different moisture holding capacity (40-80%) and incubation period (12- 60 hr for alpha-amylase, 24-144 hr for ethanol and 2-10 days for lactic acid). The highest product yield was obtained at 60% moisture holding capacity of the residue and period of incubation varied from 36 hr (alpha-amylase), 120 hr (ethanol) to 6 days (lactic acid). This study showed that the solid residues from cassava starch factories could serve as a low-cost substrate for bioproducts production. 相似文献
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模拟酸雨对薇甘菊种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
薇甘菊是入侵性杂草,已在我国华南地区及云南部分地区造成严重危害。我国华南地区同时也是强酸雨分布区域。采用不同pH值的模拟酸雨对薇甘菊种子及幼苗进行处理,测定其对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。测定了不同pH值下薇甘菊幼苗叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧阴离子产生速率、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性。结果表明,薇甘菊种子具有较强的耐酸能力,pH≥3.5时均能正常萌发,pH≤3.0时不能萌发。不同pH值模拟酸雨对薇甘菊幼苗叶绿素含量影响不显著。随着模拟酸雨pH值下降,超氧阴离子产生速率上升,丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性呈先上升后下降。pH3.5时,丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性均达最大值;pH4.0时超氧化物歧化酶活性达最大值。结果表明薇甘菊对华南地区酸雨胁迫表现出适应。 相似文献
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D201树脂对双组分萘系化合物的吸附分离 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用D201强碱性阴离子交换树脂自双组分水溶液中选择吸附分离1-氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸(1,2,4-酸)和2-萘酚,考察了溶液pH值、浓度、温度、树脂床高及流速等因素对吸附和分离系数的影响.结果表明,在pH 3—6时,树脂对1,2,4-酸有较高的吸附量及吸附选择性,利于1,2,4-酸与2-萘酚的选择性吸附分离.温度对吸附的影响较小,等温吸附规律符合Freundlich模型.动态吸附表明,至1,2,4-酸的泄漏点时,吸附流出液中几乎只含2-萘酚,1,2,4-酸被吸附于树脂上.随着树脂床层的增长或初始浓度和流速的减小,都使泄漏点推迟及分离系数提高.载酚酸的树脂柱可用15%质量比的NH4Cl和20%体积比的乙醇混合液定量洗脱1,2,4-酸. 相似文献
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The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of malic, tartaric, oxalic, and citric acid on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cd by two typical anthropic soils (lou soil and irrigation-silted soil) in North-west China. Cadmium adsorption and desorption were studied under a range of temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C), organic acid concentrations (0.5–5.0 mmol·L-1), and pH values (2–8). The results showed that the Cd adsorption capacity of the lou soil was significantly greater than that of the irrigation-silted soil. Generally, Cd adsorption increased as the temperature increased. In the presence of NaNO3, the adsorption of Cd was endothermic with ΔH values of 31.365 kJ·mol-1 for lou soil and 28.278?kJ·mol-1 for irrigation-silted soil. The endothermic reaction indicated that H bonds were the main driving force for Cd adsorption in both soils. However, different concentrations of organic acids showed various influences on the two soils. In the presence of citric acid, chemical adsorption and van der Waals interactions were the main driving forces for Cd adsorption rather than H bonds. Although the types of organic acids and soil properties were different, the effects of the organic acids on the adsorption and desorption of Cd were similar in the two soils. The adsorption percentage of Cd generally decreased as organic acid concentrations increased. In contrast, the adsorption percentage increased as the pH of the initial solution increased. The exception was that adsorption percentage of Cd increased slightly as oxalic acid concentrations increased. In contrast, the desorption percentage of Cd increased with increasing concentrations of organic acids but decreased as the initial solution pH increased. 相似文献
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The determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) concentrations in sediments from both Puget Sound and the Washington State continental shelf (USA) has been investigated. Major losses during the extraction procedure included sediment sorption, coprecipitation, and unreactivity of the soluble adenylates presumably through irreversible binding to solubilized sediment organics. Addition of phosphoric acid and the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 to cold sulfuric acid significantly increased the extraction efficiency and sensitivity over that of sulfuric acid alone, although both methods yielded similar results when corrected for losses. Vertical profiles of ATP, total adenylates (AT), and adenylate energy charge (EC) in sediments from both areas are presented. Profiles of AT are similar in both areas, but EC values in the shelf sediments are significantly lower, which suggests a depressed physiological condition in the shelf population relative to that in Puget Sound.Contribution No. 513 from the University of Washington's College of Fisheries, and Contribution No. 1135 from the University of Washington's Department of Oceanography 相似文献
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模拟酸雨对杜仲抗性生理及药用有效成分含量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了模拟酸雨对杜仲抗性生理及药用成分绿原酸、桃叶珊瑚甙、总黄酮含量的影响.结果表明,春夏秋季在系列模拟酸雨胁迫下,杜仲叶叶液pH值、K 、Ca2 含量随酸雨pH值降低而降低,呈显著正相关;杜仲叶膜保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和膜保护物质抗坏血酸(AsA)含量在春夏两季随酸雨pH值降低呈单峰曲线型变化,秋季则均随酸雨pH值降低而降低,且呈显著正相关;抗性物质脯氨酸(Pro)含量春夏两季随酸雨pH值降低而升高,呈显著负相关,秋季则在pH3.0和2.5的强酸雨胁迫下急剧降低;膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量无论春夏秋季均与酸雨pH值呈显著负相关;春季仅pH2.5的强酸雨对杜仲叶绿原酸、桃叶珊瑚甙和总黄酮等药用成分含量影响较大,夏秋两季各药用有效成分则均随酸雨pH值降低而降低,呈显著正相关.图1表2参27 相似文献