多级模糊模式识别方法用于河流水质评价

应用多级模糊模式识别模型进行水质量分类评价,克服了最大隶属度原则所不适用的地方,而且以相对隶属度、隶属函数为基础理论,使隶属度、隶属函数的计算更容易。建立了多级模糊模式识别模型,并应用于汾河水质分类评价中,应用结果表明,该方法合理、可行。     

水质综合评价的基于熵权的灰色关联模型

水质评价需综合考虑各指标的属性，利用单指标评价常常具有独立性和不相容性，在将其视为灰色的基础上，由计算各样本的灰色关联度来确实其所属级别，引入信息熵理论，运用熵值法来确实评价指标的权重，建立了基于熵权和灰色关联度的水质综合评价模型，其计算简单，同时解决了权重计算困难的问题。通过在邯郸地下水水质评价中的应用，表明其结果合理，适用于水质评价。     

模糊综合评判在达州市环境空气质量评价中的应用

运用模糊综合评判的方法,选取二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物作为评价因子,参照我国环境空气质量标准,通过建立各污染物的隶属函数和权重集,计算出各污染物的隶属度和权重分配系数,进而对达州市空气质量进行模糊综合评判。并将模糊综合评判法与空气污染指数分析所得结果进行比较。     

基于模糊数学的贡嘎山景区燕子沟景群旅游开发项目环境质量评价

应用模糊综合评价的方法进行环境质量评价，能较传统方法提供更多信息。本文将模糊数学的方法首次应用于贡嘎山景区燕子沟景群区环境质量综合评价，选择线性模糊分布确定隶属函数，并采用标准加权法计算权重因子，以消除评价因子实测浓度的影响。分别采用两类算子模型进行评价，结果均表明评价区总体环境质量属于清洁型。     

基于模糊综合评价法与单因子指数评价法的水质评价

通过2012年5月至10月对凡河榛子岭水库上游河段的水质监测,采用模糊综合评价法对凡河榛子岭水库上游河段水体的水质状况进行了综合评价,同时与单因子指数评价法评价结果进行对比分析。结果表明,2种评价方法的评价结果存在较大差异,采用模糊综合评价法评价得到的水质评价结果相对较好;采用模糊综合评价法评价,仅6月的杨坟沟、岱海寨断面及9月的杨坟沟断面的水质为Ⅴ类,其他月份各监测断面的水质均符合Ⅲ类水质标准要求;而采用单因子指数评价法的评价结果仅9月份的杨坟沟断面的水质达到Ⅱ类水质,其余各月三个断面监测的水质均超出Ⅴ类水质标准。在水质评价中,应根据评价目的合理选择水质评价方法,使水质评价结果更为准确。     

权重对梧州种质资源保护区水质评价的影响

计算权重是水质评价中的一个关键环节,不同权重算法将导致评价结果有较大差异。研究基于超标法、熵权法以及主成分分析这3种权重算法,对梧州种质资源保护区水质进行模糊综合评价。结果表明:基于超标法的模糊综合评价对单因子超标比较敏感;基于熵权法和主成分分析法的模糊综合评价全面考虑了各因子对评价结果的影响,二者评价结果一致,且水质类别满足种质资源保护区用水要求,较超标法好。主成分分析法可直接借助SPSS统计分析软件,操作更简单、实用性更强,能更好更高效的服务于保护区水质管理工作。     

PCA水质分类法在通济堰水质评价中的应用

选取通济堰2014年CODMn、NH3-N、DO等8种水质指标的监测数据,使用主成分分析法(PCA法)进行水质评价。针对PCA法无法进行水质分类的缺陷,提出一种类似内梅罗评价理论的PCA水质分类法,并将分类结果与模糊评价法、内梅罗法和改进的内梅罗法等评价方法的分类结果进行比较。结果表明,PCA法可以直观地描述河流不同月份的污染特征,基于评价结果,使用PCA水质分类法进行水质分类,从而能更加准确地掌握不同月份水质污染的程度。     

小流域水质评价方法对比研究

为分析小流域水质评价方法的准确度和适应度,以小安溪流域2017年和2018年的监测数据为基础,利用单因子评价法、综合指数评价法、内梅罗污染指数法和加拿大水质指数法进行水质评价,利用等标水质分析的思想对比了四种方法的评价准确度。评价结果显示:单因子评价法更适合评价水质分布较均匀的流域,内梅罗污染指数法要更为客观一些,加拿大水质指数法更适合较大的、评价指标较多的流域。综合指数评价法是最适合小流域水质评价的。其结果为小流域水质评价方法选择提供了借鉴。     

分形理论在艾里克湖富营养化评价中的应用

准确评价艾里克湖所处的营养状态,是提出切实可行的污染防治措施的科学依据。本研究选取分形理论对艾里克湖水质进行评价,通过计算单个水质指标分维数,由最大似然分类原则确定评价分维数,并以2014年7月25日的实测水质指标代表艾里克湖平水期的水质现状,采用加权平均法求算艾里克湖多个水质指标的综合评价等级。结果表明:艾里克湖整个湖区处于中富营养化程度,水质评价结果与实际情况相符。经过艾里克湖实测水质资料的验证,分形评价法具有计算精度高、方法简单、计算量小等特点,是湖泊富营养化评价的一种较好的方法。     

基于GIS的新疆库尔勒市耕地地力等级评价研究

以新疆库尔勒市为例,将利用测土配方施肥项目所取得的基础数据,筛选有机质、速效钾、有效磷、有效锌等可量化的指标作为评价指标。根据模糊数学理论和特尔斐法建立评价因子的隶属函数模型,利用层次分析法建立评价因子的层次分析模型。以ArcGIS统计分析模块和空间分析模块为平台,根据加法模型计算出耕地地力综合指数,划分耕地地力等级。评价结果基本符合当地实际。     

An inexact optimization approach for river water-quality management

A previously developed fuzzy waste load allocation model (FWLAM) for a river system is extended to address uncertainty involved in fixing the membership functions for the fuzzy goals of the pollution control agency (PCA) and the dischargers using the concept of grey systems. The model provides flexibility for the PCA and the dischargers to specify their goals independently, as the parameters for membership functions are considered as interval grey numbers instead of deterministic real numbers. An inexact or a grey fuzzy optimization model is developed in a multiobjective framework, to maximize the width of the interval valued fractional removal levels for providing latitude in decision-making and to minimize the width of the goal fulfillment level for reducing the system uncertainty. The concept of an acceptability index for order relation between two partially or fully overlapping intervals is used to get a deterministic equivalent of the grey fuzzy optimization model developed. The improvement of the optimal solutions over a previously developed grey fuzzy waste load allocation model (GFWLAM) is shown through an application to a hypothetical river system. The fuzzy multiobjective optimization and fuzzy goal programming techniques are used to solve the deterministic equivalent of the GFWLAM.     

FSILP: fuzzy-stochastic-interval linear programming for supporting municipal solid waste management

Although many studies on municipal solid waste management (MSW management) were conducted under uncertain conditions of fuzzy, stochastic, and interval coexistence, the solution to the conventional linear programming problems of integrating fuzzy method with the other two was inefficient. In this study, a fuzzy-stochastic-interval linear programming (FSILP) method is developed by integrating Nguyen's method with conventional linear programming for supporting municipal solid waste management. The Nguyen's method was used to convert the fuzzy and fuzzy-stochastic linear programming problems into the conventional linear programs, by measuring the attainment values of fuzzy numbers and/or fuzzy random variables, as well as superiority and inferiority between triangular fuzzy numbers/triangular fuzzy-stochastic variables. The developed method can effectively tackle uncertainties described in terms of probability density functions, fuzzy membership functions, and discrete intervals. Moreover, the method can also improve upon the conventional interval fuzzy programming and two-stage stochastic programming approaches, with advantageous capabilities that are easily achieved with fewer constraints and significantly reduces consumption time. The developed model was applied to a case study of municipal solid waste management system in a city. The results indicated that reasonable solutions had been generated. The solution can help quantify the relationship between the change of system cost and the uncertainties, which could support further analysis of tradeoffs between the waste management cost and the system failure risk.     

木兰天池景区旅游资源量化分析评价--运用AHP和模糊综合评判法

通过对武汉木兰天池景区的实地考察及调查、搜集资料，获得各种材料数据；在此基础上设置评价要素指标体系。运用层次分析法（AHP），经过一致性检验来确定各评价指标的权重；再采用模糊综合评判方法，建立评价模型，通过计算各指标在不同区域单元上的隶属度，对景区内各区域单元的旅游资源进行综合评价。评价结果表明，木兰天池景区的旅游资源处于中高级次，较高级次的资源缺乏，需要整体协调开发，进一步发掘旅游资源潜力，科学、合理地发展。     

一种改进的模糊聚类方法在大气环境质量评价中的应用

一般的模糊聚类分析方法只能解决大气污染状况的顺序问题,或只能得出此地与彼地的大气质量状况的相似程度,而不能同时确定大气质量的具体等级。本文提出的一种改进的模糊聚类分析方法解决了这一问题、该方法的主要改进在于:①以各污染因子的污染程度的分级标准值为聚类中心,待分样本与聚类中心之间的相似系数或待分样本隶属于某一类的隶属函数作为聚类函数;②相似系数设计为几何平均最小型,隶属函数设计为正态分布型。实例计算和比较表明,该方法是大气环境质量评价中的一种较好的方法。     

基于生命周期分析的电解铝清洁生产评价指标研究

本文利用生命周期评价对电解铝生产过程进行了全面分析,结合清洁生产的内涵和电解铝生产工艺的系统边界图,从炭素阳极、电解制铝、铝加工和烟气净化等四个子模块出发,把电解铝清洁生产评价指标体系分为五项一级指标,即管理与工艺设备指标、资源消耗指标、产品指标、环境指标、废物回收利用指标,一级指标又分解为13项二级指标和 28项三级指标。     

基于生命周期分新的电解铝清洁生产评价指标研究

本文利用生命周期评价对电解铝生产过程进行了全面分析，结合清洁生产的内涵和电解铝生产工艺的系统边界图，从炭素阳极、电解制铝、铝加工和烟气净化等四个子模块出发，把电解铝清洁生产评价指标体系分为五项一级指标，即管理与工艺设备指标、资源消耗指标、产品指标、环境指标、废物回收利用指标，一级指标又分解为13项二级指标和28项三级指标。     

Land Evaluation for Maize Based on Fuzzy Set and Interpolation

The objective of this article is to apply fuzzy set and interpolation techniques for land suitability evaluation for maize in Northern Ghana. Land suitability indices were computed at point observations using the Semantic Import (SI) model, whereas spatial interpolation was carried out by block kriging. Interpolated land suitability shows a high correlation (R2 = 0.87) with observed maize yield at the village level. This indicates that land suitability is closely related to maize yield in the study area. Membership functions were further used to assess the degree of limitation of land characteristics to maize. Sixty percent of the data has membership functions ranging from 0.23 for ECEC to 1.00 for drainage. ECEC, organic C, and clay are the major constraints to maize yield. The use of the fuzzy technique is helpful for land suitability evaluation, especially in applications in which subtle differences in soil quality are of a major interest. Furthermore, the use of kriging that exploits spatial variability of data is useful in producing continuous land suitability maps and in estimating uncertainties associated with predicted land suitability indices.