油田抗氧缓蚀剂的复配及研究

以油酸基咪唑啉与除氧剂联氨进行复配形成新的复配缓蚀体系。使用静态挂片法及电化学分析法评价其对P110钢的缓蚀性能,实验结果表明,当缓蚀剂与除氧剂用量比为11,浓度为300mg/L时缓蚀率可达到87.24%。同时通过预膜处理的方法对该缓蚀体系的缓蚀性能进行评价,预膜油溶助剂以5倍常规加注量为宜,缓蚀剂以10倍常规加注量为最好,缓蚀率可达到87.77%。     

有机颜料废水的混凝预处理研究

利用絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)和混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)对有机颜料废水进行混凝处理,考察了单独使用CPAM、PAC及两者联合使用的处理效果,探讨了初始pH值、混凝剂投加量对处理效果的影响.结果表明,CPAM与PAC复配处理该废水时效果较好,水样pH值为7.0;CPAM与PAC的投药量分别为10mg/L和150mg/L时,浊度去除率可达97.56％.     

RD复合净水剂对阳离子染料RL的吸附脱色

考察了RD复合净水剂吸附处理阳离子艳兰染料RL废液的实验条件,探讨了RD吸附脱色的实质。结果表明,加入0.3gRD到浓度为200mg/L的染液中,在25℃、pH=7.0条件下,吸附时间为10m in时,废液的脱色率达到80%,RD单位质量吸附量为10.7mg/g;当50mg/L的染料废液中,RD的投加量为0.2g时,脱色率达到了96%以上,RD单位质量吸附量为8.12mg/g;pH值和温度对吸附脱色效果影响不显著,而且RL废液的浓度增大,RD单位质量吸附量增大,但是脱色率有所下降。RD对染料的吸附符合Langmu ir吸附模型。     

微生物协同降解深层石油污染土壤研究

为了消除土壤中石油类物质的污染,从现场油泥中分别筛选出高效降解菌铜绿假单胞和无色杆菌,对其独立使用和复配时对原油的降解规律进行了研究,探讨了复合菌体系加量、含水率、土壤含油量、氮磷营养比以及pH值、温度等对石油污染土壤降解率的影响。结果表明:复合微生物对土壤石油污染的降解率高于单独使用时的降解率,且当两者复合比例为1∶1,土壤含水率为25%时,9d降解率可达41.49%;温度为25℃、土壤含水率为25%、土壤pH值为7.5左右、菌液加量为5%、土壤含油率低于5%时,6d降解率可达到64.9%;保持土壤含水率为25%,pH值为7.5左右,保证充足的营养,含油率为2%的深层土壤54d降解率可达到43.2%。     

气田压裂返排液回用影响因素研究

针对气田压裂返排液回用配制压裂液的水质要求,研究了pH值、金属离子、细菌和泡沫对处理后液体配制压裂液的影响。结果表明,通过调节pH值、控制金属离子浓度、加入杀菌剂和消泡剂可以达到回用配制压裂液的要求。其中,pH值应控制在6.5左右;当Na2CO3和NaOH的复配比为800/600、NaOH投加量为300mg/L时,能有效去除Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+等离子的影响;杀菌剂采用气田压裂专用杀菌剂;消泡剂采用二甲基硅油。实验在气井井场采用撬装微涡流混凝装置处理气田压裂返排液,并对上清液回用配液,回用率达到98.4%。     

掺杂型二氧化钛纳米管光催化降解甲基橙研究

利用本实验室制备的N-F原子掺杂二氧化钛纳米管作催化剂,在可见光区对甲基橙(MO)进行光催化降解实验。在催化剂用量固定为3cm2时考察了不同初始浓度、pH值、溶解氧(DO)等对降解率的影响。结果表明,在可见光区该催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;当溶液DO为19.2mg/L、pH值为3、初始浓度为10mg/L、反应时间300min时,降解率可达82.3%。     

油田新型结垢计量装置与防垢剂优选试验

从定量的角度出发,设计垢量测量装置。以BZ25-1油田为例,判断油田结垢类型,模拟动态试验,利用油田结垢量大小测定渗透率损失率。随后进行防垢剂筛选试验。结果表明:碳酸钙垢的生成,岩心渗透率损失率21%左右;防垢剂JPS-01、JPS-02、JPS-03能有效缓解地层结垢,JPS-01防垢剂效果最佳,结垢量最小。     

含硫低浊度采油污水絮凝处理技术的研究

中原油田明二污属含硫低浊度污水,处理后水主要用于回注。文章通过pH调节剂的优选、除硫剂优选并与絮凝药剂联合,对明二污含硫低浊度污水进行了絮凝处理。结果表明:当pH值为7.5、2#絮凝剂加量为50mg/L、有机絮凝剂加量为0.5mg/L、除硫剂加量为20mg/L时,处理后水中的悬浮物、总铁和含油量分别达到1.9mg/L、0.43mg/L和0mg/L;SRB、TGB均为102个/mL;腐蚀速率及结垢量分别降到0.062mm/a和1.9mg/L;污泥产生量降低到0.23～0.26mg/L;在90℃时的结垢量由地层水的23.3mg/L降低到1.9mg/L,处理后的水达到中原油田回注水的水质标准,并且水质稳定。     

含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS的合成及阻垢性能研究

利用实验方法合成了含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS,通过正交试验评价优选出最佳合成条件,对其阻垢性能进行了评价。将含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS与HEDP和含膦基共聚物PCA进行了比较,结果表明,当PAMPS用量为10mg/L时,阻止碳酸钙结垢率达到83.73%,优于同等条件下HEDP与PCA阻止碳酸钙结垢率;当PAMPS用量达到3mg/L时,阻垢率达到98.32%,对硫酸钙的阻垢性能优于HEDP和PCA。同时还可看出,含膦磺酸基共聚物PAMPS对阻止碳酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应,对阻止硫酸钙结垢具有低剂量效应和溶限效应。这说明PAMPS是一种优良的阻垢分散剂。     

致密砂岩油藏水平井压裂返排液处理工艺研究

针对非常规油藏压裂返排液中化学药剂成分较多、黏度高、稳定性强等特点,采用氧化-混凝-过滤工艺处理压裂返排液,结果表明：在氧化剂加量为5 mL/L、催化剂加量为2 g/L、pH值为5、反应2h后,再将出水pH值调至9,加入P1混凝剂2 g/L,有机絮凝剂2 mL/L,搅拌均匀后固液分离,出水的主要污染指标悬浮物降为1.9 mg/L,含油量为0.4 mg/L.     

辉县市城区环境空气质量现状及污染防治对策

对辉县市城区2006—2011年间环境空气质量监测数据进行了评价，并对城区污染物浓度时空变化进行了分析。结果表明，辉县市城区大气污染主要表现为可吸入颗粒物污染严重，主要是能源结构不合理、锅炉废气污染严重、城区道路保洁方式落后等原因造成的，由此提出了合理规划城市布局、减少结构性污染等对策。     

绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的制备与性能研究

采用马来酸酐与氨水进行溶液聚合的方法制备聚天冬氨酸,利用静态阻垢法评价了聚天冬氨酸的阻垢性能。结果表明:聚天冬氨酸对ρ(Ca2+)=300mg/L,ρ(HCO3-)=300mg/L的水样阻垢率可以达到90%以上;在ρ(HCO3-)低于400mg/L时,药剂的阻垢率可达到100%;当ρ(HCO3-)大于400mg/L后,药剂阻垢性能降低明显。聚天冬氨酸具有良好的生物降解性,生物降解率可以达到70%。     

含硝基苯、苯胺废水处理的工程实践

采用固定化微生物-曝气生物滤池与铁-炭微电解法联用的工艺方法处理含硝基苯、苯胺的废水。通过培养驯化微生物阶段、半负荷进水阶段、满负荷进水阶段的调试运行,表明:当进水CODCr<1 000mg/L、硝基苯<120mg/L、苯胺<30mg/L时,出水可达到CODCr<300mg/L、硝基苯<5mg/L、苯胺<5mg/L的设计要求。铁-炭微电解法在pH值为3～4时,对废水有一定的脱色作用,但pH值升高后脱色效果不明显。     

电解法处理高含硫气田水

本文详细介绍了川南矿区含硫气田水电解法处理的试验情况，用自己研制的电解反应器对电解时间、pH值、电流密度等工艺条件进行了考察，提出了电解法处理含S~(2-)200mg／L的气田水的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明：该方法是成功的，它可以使气田水中硫化物的脱除率达99％以上，达到国家排放标准（GB8978—88：S~(2-)＜5mg／L）。该方法的主要特点是投加处理药剂少，操作简便，设备小型，占地面积小，特别适用于产水量不大的井站使用。     

臭氧—活性炭技术处理石油微污染地下水*

在实验室及中试条件下研究了臭氧-活性炭技术对石油微污染地下水的处理效果。通过石油类和高锰酸盐指数两个指标,考察了臭氧投加量、pH值、过滤速率等操作参数对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:臭氧投加量和活性炭过滤速率是最主要的影响因素,pH值对处理效果影响不显著。中试条件下适宜的臭氧投加量应为8mg/L左右,最佳过滤速率在10m/h附近。采用臭氧氧化与活性炭过滤组合工艺,当进水石油类浓度在1.5mg/L以下时,出水石油类低于0.3mg/L,高锰酸盐指数低于3.0mg/L。     

循环水旁滤中试研究

目前所使用的纤维束过滤器经多次检测出水浊度往往大于进水浊度,其主要原因是纤维束已受污染,并且很难冲洗干净。因此选用高效流砂过滤器进行循环水旁滤处理,实验表明在使用高效流砂过滤器时,投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)处理效果非常理想。在PAC投量为5～10 mg/L时,平均去除率达到83%,平均进水浊度7.05NTU,平均出水浊度为1.2NTU。完全能够满足旁滤的要求。     

Fenton试剂高级氧化法降解甲基橙模拟废水研究

甲基橙是一种较难降解的有机苯环偶氮染料之一，研究其降解性能对其他染料废水体系的降解研究具有普遍参考价值。通过研究Fenton试剂降解甲基橙过程中的H202浓度、Fe2＋浓度、反应时间和反应体系pH值对甲基橙降解的影响，确定其最佳降解工艺条件为：当甲基橙浓度为20mg／L、pH值为3、Fe2＋浓度为1．5mmol／L、H2O2为32mmol/L时，降解率达到最大值（98．95％）。     

Phenol removal from aqueous environments by natural & chemically modified kaolin clay

Natural, acid and base modified kaolin clays were studied for the sake of phenol and 4-chlorophenol removal from aqueous environments and their application to real ground and industrial wastewater samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Surface area analysis were employed for characterization of the adsorbents microstructure. Operating factors such as adsorbent dose, solution pH, initial phenol concentration, and contact time were studied. The experimental data displayed that the increase of the adsorbent dose, contact time, and pH value from 2 to 7 increases the efficiency of the removal process. Optimal conditions for phenolic removal were; contact time of 300 min, primary phenol solution of 25 mg/L, pH 7 and 2.5 g/L as an appropriate adsorbent dose using crude (natural), acid modified and base modified kaolin clays. The higher phenolic removal efficiencies were obtained at 5 mg/L as 90, 97, 96.2%, respectively, for the adsorbents in the previously mentioned order. The adsorption capacity in the removal of phenol and 4-chlorophenol were 7.481 and 4.195, 8.2942 and 3.211, and 8.05185 and 18.565 mg/g, respectively, for the adsorbents in the same mentioned order. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted and analyzed with four isotherm models, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm equations. The adsorption process of phenol on studied adsorbents was exothermic, spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable proved by the negative values of their thermodynamic parameters ΔH° and ΔG°. The correlation coefficient (R²) for all concentrations was higher than 0.94, which indicates that in the studied system, the data suitably fit the first-order kinetics. The % desorption capacity was amounted to 96%, 91.11%, and 87.06% of adsorbed phenol, respectively, for the adsorbents in the previous order using 0.1N NaOH and 10% V/V ethanol solutions as eluents at 25°C, indicating the reusability of the adsorbents. Kaolin and its modified forms can be introduced as eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbents in water remediation implementation.     

Arsenic and chromium removal by mixed magnetite–maghemite nanoparticles and the effect of phosphate on removal

Adsorption of arsenic and chromium by mixed magnetite and maghemite nanoparticles from aqueous solution is a promising technology. In the present batch experimental study, a commercially grade nano-size ‘magnetite’, later identified in laboratory characterization to be mixed magnetite–maghemite nanoparticles, was used in the uptake of arsenic and chromium from different water samples. The intent was to identify or develop a practical method for future groundwater remediation. The results of the study showed 96–99% arsenic and chromium uptake under controlled pH conditions. The maximum arsenic adsorption occurred at pH 2 with values of 3.69 mg/g for arsenic(III) and 3.71 mg/g for arsenic(V) when the initial concentration was kept at 1.5 mg/L for both arsenic species, while chromium(VI) concentration was 2.4 mg/g at pH 2 with an initial chromium(VI) concentration of 1 mg/L. Thus magnetite–maghemite nanoparticles can readily adsorb arsenic and chromium in an acidic pH range. Redox potential and pH data helped to infer possible dominating species and oxidation states of arsenic and chromium in solution. The results also showed the limitation of arsenic and chromium uptake by the nano-size magnetite–maghemite mixture in the presence of a competing anion such as phosphate. At a fixed adsorbent concentration of 0.4 g/L, arsenic and chromium uptake decreased with increasing phosphate concentration. Nano-size magnetite–maghemite mixed particles adsorbed less than 50% arsenic from synthetic water containing more than 3 mg/L phosphate and 1.2 mg/L of initial arsenic concentration, and less than 50% chromium from synthetic water containing more than 5 mg/L phosphate and 1.0 mg/L of chromium(VI). In natural groundwater containing more than 5 mg/L phosphate and 1.13 mg/L of arsenic, less than 60% arsenic uptake was achieved. In this case, it is anticipated that an optimum design with magnetite–maghemite nanoparticles may achieve high arsenic uptake in field applications.