九阜山自然保护区野生兰科植物资源及其开发利用

为合理开发利用九阜山省级自然保护区野生兰科植物资源，对该区野生兰科植物资源进行了调查。结果表明，该区共有野生兰科植物12属16种，列出了该区每种野生兰科植物的属名、学名、生活型、主要用途、生境及其分布海拔，对其种类组成、属的分布区类型、生活型、生态环境、开发利用价值、资源分布与贮量进行了分析，提出了保护与开发利用措施。     

论皖南地区旅游资源综合开发

皖南地区具有独特的地理位置，自然景观和人文景观相互交融，其旅游资源的特色是景区分布集中（稀有性）、景观类型多样（珍贵性）、文化古迹丰富（徽文化发源地），旅游资源还具有自然风光、人文景观、生态环境的优势，具有综合开发利用各类旅游资源的可行性与必要性。通过系统调查和分析该地区旅游资源的配置基础，提出了对该地区的旅游资源进行综合开发的建议。     

我国自然保护区已占国土面积的百分之十三

今年初，我国又发布了经国家级自然保护区评审委员会评审通过并由国务院审定通过的９处国家级自然保护区。这些保护区具有很高的生物多样性及物种和生境的稀有性、典型性与代表性，在涵养水源、保持水土、调节气候、维持生态系统良性循环等方面具有重要价值。至此，经国家级自然保护区评审委员会评审通过并由国务院审定通过的国家级自然保护区总数达１９７处。截至目前，全国共建立各级各类自然保护区１７５７处，总面积１３２９４．５万公顷，占国土面积的１３．２％。全国已经基本形成了一个类型较齐全、分布较合理的自然保护区网络。新建…     

野大豆的资源价值及其栽培技术

对野大豆的形态习性、资源价值以及栽培技术进行了较为详细的综述，这对保护和合理开发这一濒危野生种质资源，实现生态效益和经济效益的统一具有重要意义。     

雅连资源的危机与对策

雅连为毛茛科黄连属植物三角叶黄连(Coptis deltoidea)的根茎,具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒的功效。被《神农本草经》和《本草品汇精要》等列为上品,是最重要的川产道地药材。雅连主产于四川洪雅、峨眉一带,其中洪雅占全国产量的70%以上。洪雅人民很早就对雅连进行了驯化种植。据明代《嘉靖洪雅县志》记载:“雅连出瓦屋诸山,家种者3年1牧。解放后,雅连生产得到了巩固和发展,到70年代全县已有四五个乡种植,总面积达46.7ha,年产量3万多 kg,但近10年雅连生产逐年下降。据洪雅县     

重庆地区花椒属植物资源及其开发利用

根据对重庆地区花椒属植物资源的调查研究和实物标本整理鉴定结果，阐述了重庆地区花椒属药（食）用植物的种类、生境分布、经济价值及其开发利用现状，为进一步开发利用重庆市丰富的花椒属植物资源提供了科学依据。     

正交设计在峨眉金线莲组织培养中的应用

以野生峨眉金线莲的茎段腋芽为外植体,采用正交设计L16(4~5)对野生峨眉金线莲丛生芽诱导、生根的4个因素(基本培养基、6-BA、NAA、AC(活性炭))在4个水平上进行组织培养优化试验,以期建立完整、高效、廉价的培养体系。结果表明:基本培养基、不同激素浓度配比等因素对峨眉金线莲的分化、生根有着显著影响。外植体最佳消毒方案是75%酒精浸泡10s,0.1%的HgCl_2浸泡消毒10min;峨眉金线莲最佳丛生芽诱导培养基为:MS+10%香蕉+6-BA3mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+AC 3g/L;最佳生根壮苗培养基为:1/2MS+10%土豆+NAA 2mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+AC 3g/L。该体系对峨眉金线莲种质资源保护与开发利用具有一定的参考意义。     

黄山市蔷薇科野生木本观赏植物资源及其利用

安徽省黄山市蔷薇科野生木本观赏植物资源丰富，约有26属113种，其中悬钩子属25种，单属种9个，除具有观赏价值外，还具有药用价值、食用价值及其它用途，对黄山市蔷薇科野生木本观赏植物资源的综合开发利用和保护提出了建议。     

山西省野生动植物资源分布现状与开发潜力

山西省野生动植物资源分布现状与开发潜力田保九，闫文（山西省农科院资源所，太原０３００Ｏ６）山西省南北狭长，境内多山，地势起伏高低差大，随之产生水热条件的垂直变化对动植物分布的影响也很大，动植物分布的地带性差异和垂直差异较明显。全省从南到北组成森林植被...     

粒粒泡果汁饮料加工工艺

冬泡（RubusLambertianusSer．）为蔷薇科悬钩子属植物，在我国分布较广，河南省主要分布于大别山、伏牛山、桐柏山区，资源蕴藏量丰富。民间常来各泡野果食用，果实桔红鲜亮、甜酸爽口、酸感较强。冬泡含有大量糖类、有机酸、蛋白质、VC和较丰富的SOD，具有一定的营养保健作用。随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越崇尚天然绿色食品，因此，开发利用野生资源已成为人们关注的焦点。悬钩子是重要的野生果树资源，不少学者在其引种、驯化和营养分析等方面已进行了一些研究[1，2]。本文在对河南省悬约于属植物资源调查的基础上，利用冬泡果实…     

Conceptualizing the human use of wild edible herbs for conservation in South African communal areas

The importance of wild edible herbaceous species to resource poor households in most rural economies within savannas has been little studied. This is because most of the herbs grow in impoverished species communities and lands, often referred to as 'marginal lands'. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize how the economics of wild edible herbs to households can be used to add value to total livelihoods and conservation within traditional communal areas of South Africa. Analysis of the economics of the consumption of wild edible herbs in Thorndale (Bushbuckridge district) of the Limpopo province is presented. The majority of households consumed wild edible herbs, averaging 15.4 kg dried weight per household per year and valued at $167 per household. The herbs were mostly harvested from uncultivated areas of farms, and rangelands. There was little correlation between household characteristics and the dependence on wild herbs for food. The local people noted a decline in the availability of the species, although not much is known about attempts to cultivate them. The only reasons attributed to the decline were nutrient poor soils and insufficient rains. With this background, developing a local strategy to sustain the species through cultivation by households was found to be feasible. A multiple-use system for the herbs, their improvement and value addition towards commercialization and increased household usage may result in wider acceptance and subsequent cultivation. Species diversity will be enhanced whilst conserving the land on which they grow. This multiple use system may include species roles in soil and water conservation.     

石门台自然保护区可持续发展对策

石门台自然保护区具有调节气候、涵养水源、调节径流、保持水土、降低河流含沙量、净化大气和水质、保护野生生物物种等多种生态功能,但其生态系统也具有脆弱性.为了促进自然环境的良性循环,促进水资源的可持续利用和经济的可持续发展,提出以下建议:加强宣传教育,加强保护措施,改善管理技术水平,建立可持续发展的经济体系.     

The National Heritage Resource Act (1999): Can legislation protect South Africa's rare geoheritage resources?

In South Africa, rare geological specimens are protected by the National Heritage Resource Act (1999). These portable geoheritage objects are neither defined nor described in this Act making their geoheritage status questionable. Thirteen categories and criteria for establishing a geological specimen's rarity status are discussed and include (1) rarity as defined by abundance per se; (2) rarity of a particular habit (external shape or form) of a mineral; (3) rare pseudomorphs; (4) rarity of a particular variety of a mineral; (5) rarity of a particular colour of a common mineral; (6) rarity defined by size; (7) rarity defined by quality; (8) a common species, but rare for a particular locality; (9) rarity of associations of minerals; (10) rarity determined by source being depleted, exhausted or mined out; (11) rare inclusions in minerals; (12) previously rare, now common specimens and (13) miscellaneous criteria that produce rare specimens. Geological specimens (resources) are complex objects when defining their rarity status and multiple rarity factors can apply to single specimens. A lack of clear criteria for defining rare geological specimens appears to place the National Heritage Resource Act (1999) in direct conflict with the more recent Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (2002) which legitimizes the legal exploitation of any mineral resource.     

Changes in Soil Properties After Establishment of Artemisia halodendron and Caragana microphylla on Shifting Sand Dunes in Semiarid Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

In the semiarid Horqin sandy land of northern China, establishment of artificial sand-fixing shrubs on desertified sandy lands is an effective measure to control desertification and improve the regional environment. Caragana microphylla Lam. and Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Bess. are two of the dominant native shrub species, which are adapted well to windy and sandy environments, and thus, are widely used in revegetation programs to control desertification in Horqin region. To assess the effects of artificially planting these two shrub species on restoration of desertified sandy land, soil properties and plant colonization were measured 6 years after planting shrubs on shifting sand dunes. Soil samples were taken from two depths (0–5 cm and 5–20 cm) under the shrub canopy, in the mid-row location (alley) between shrub belts, and from nonvegetated shifting sand dune (as a control). Soil fine fractions, soil water holding capacity, soil organic C and total N have significantly increased, and pH and bulk density have declined at the 0–5-cm topsoil in both C. microphylla and A. halodendron. At the 5–20 cm subsurface soil, changes in soil properties are not significant, with exception of bulk density and organic C concentration under the canopy of A. halodendron and total N concentration under the canopy of C. microphylla. Soil amelioration processes are initiated under the shrub canopies, as higher C and N concentrations were found under the canopies compared with alleys. At the same time, the establishment of shrubs facilitates the colonization and development of herbaceous species. A. halodendron proved to have better effects in fixing the sand surface, improving soil properties, and restoring plant species in comparison to C. microphylla.     

云南鲤属鱼类及种质资源保存

云南野生鲤鱼种类为全国之冠。过去在渔业生产中,它们的产量曾占一定比重;现在种群数量普遍减少,亟待保护。文中讨论了种质资源保存的意义和应采取的措施。     

Responses of Two Invasive Plants Under Various Microclimate Conditions in the Seoul Metropolitan Region

The possible consequences of global warming on plant communities and ecosystems have wide-ranging ramifications. We examined how environmental change affects plant growth as a function of the variations in the microclimate along an urban-suburban climate gradient for two allergy-inducing, invasive plants, Humulus japonicus and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior. The environmental factors and plant growth responses were measured at two urban sites (Gangbuk and Seongbuk) and two suburban sites (Goyang and Incheon) around Seoul, South Korea. The mean temperatures and CO(2) concentrations differed significantly between the urban (14.8 °C and 439 ppm CO(2)) and suburban (13.0 °C and 427 ppm CO(2)) sites. The soil moisture and nitrogen contents of the suburban sites were higher than those at the urban sites, especially for the Goyang site. The two invasive plants showed significantly higher biomasses and nitrogen contents at the two urban sites. We conducted experiments in a greenhouse to confirm the responses of the plants to increased temperatures, and we found consistently higher growth rates under conditions of higher temperatures. Because we controlled the other factors, the better performance of the two invasive plants appears to be primarily attributable to their responses to temperature. Our study demonstrates that even small temperature changes in the environment can confer significant competitive advantages to invasive species. As habitats become urbanized and warmer, these invasive plants should be able to displace native species, which will adversely affect people living in these areas.     

长白山区中国林蛙资源及其保护与增殖

中国林蛙主要产于我国的长白山区,具有较高的经济价值。本文根据近年来的生产实践和调查研究资料,着重介绍了吉林省长白山区的中国林蛙养殖生物学特征,提出了在该区的资源保护途径与增殖措施     

Testing the Use of a Land Cover Map for Habitat Ranking in Boreal Forests

Habitat loss and modification is one of the major threats to biodiversity and the preservation of conservation values. We use the term conservation value to mean the benefit of nature or habitats for species. The importance of identifying and preserving conservation values has increased with the decline in biodiversity and the adoption of more stringent environmental legislation. In this study, conservation values were considered in the context of land-use planning and the rapidly increasing demand for more accurate methods of predicting and identifying these values. We used a k-nearest neighbor interpreted satellite (Landsat TM) image classified in 61 classes to assess sites with potential conservation values at the regional and landscape planning scale. Classification was made at the National Land Survey of Finland for main tree species, timber volume, land-use type, and soil on the basis of spectral reflectance in satellite image together with broad numerical reference data. We used the number and rarity of vascular plant species observed in the field as indicators for potential conservation values. We assumed that significant differences in the species richness, rarity, or composition of flora among the classes interpreted in the satellite image would also mean a difference in conservation values among these classes. We found significant differences in species richness among the original satellite image classes. Many of the classes examined could be distinguished by the number of plant species. Species composition also differed correspondingly. Rare species were most abundant in old spruce forests (>200 m³/ha), raising the position of such forests in the ranking of categories according to conservation values. The original satellite image classification was correct for 70% of the sites studied. We concluded that interpreted satellite data can serve as a useful source for evaluating habitat categories on the basis of plant species richness and rarity. Recategorization of original satellite image classification into such new conservation value categories is challenging because of the variation in species composition among the new categories. However, it does not represent a major problem for the purposes of early-stage land-use planning. Benefits of interpreted satellite image recategorization as a rapid conservation value assessment tool for land-use planners would be great.