我国海产品总α、总β放射性检测研究现状

介绍了天然放射性和人工放射性对海产品的污染以及食用放射性污染海产品的危害;综述了我国海产品中γ能谱分析法,低本底α、β测量法,厚样法,直接铺样法等总放射性的检测方法;分析结果表明,目前总放射性检测方法存在前处理过程繁琐、准确度不够等问题,因此迫切需要开发一种快速、准确的总放射性检测方法;最后提出我国开展海产品总放射性监测以及制定总放射性活度标准的必要性。     

什么是绿色食品

<正> 据北京食品报报道,农业部把开发绿色食品作为“八五”期间的拳头产品,并严格确定了三个必备标准。一是产品原料产地具有良好的生态环境。二是原料作物的生长过程及水、肥、土条件必须符合一定的无公害控制标准,并接受农业部农垦司环境保护监测中心的监督。三是产品的生产、加工及包装、储运过程应符合中华人民共和国食品卫生法的要求,最终产品需由国家食品卫生标准检测合格才准子出售。     

煤灰渣利用中对人群所产生辐射影响的评价

煤的开发与利用产生了大量的灰，渣等固体废物，占用大量土地，污染土壤和水源，成为四大公害之一，因而对煤灰，渣的治理和综合利用一直受到人们的关注。然而，由于煤灰渣中的天然放射性水平较高，因此，在煤灰渣的综合利用，尤其在用作建筑材料时，不可避免地要受到其放射性核素的危害。本文在对四川省各燃煤电厂排放灰渣中的^238U,^232Th,^220R,^40X并无然放射性核素进行分析和研究的基础上，用UNSCEAR1982年报告所推荐的计算模式估算了各电厂煤灰渣制度建材对公众所产生的附加辐射剂量，评价了煤灰制度建材对环境和人群所产生的辐射影响，并提出了控制煤灰渣在建材中的最大掺合量，为其它作用的使用煤灰渣提出了科学的理论依据。     

对于制定工业污染物排放标准原则的看法

1973年我国颁布了第一个工业污染物排放标准《GBJ_(4-73)工业“三废”排放试行标准》,这对控制工业污染起了一定的积极作用。为适应新形势,1979年以来,我国又逐步制定了几十个分行业的排放标准和重点产品污染物排放标准(以下简称《新标准》),初步形成了我国工业污染物排放标准的体制。《新标准》是采用浓度标准和单位产品(或原料)排污量标准并举的原则制定的。浓度标准是世界上最早采用的标准,简便易行;单位产品(或原料)排污量标准是从企业排污现状出发制定的,也便于实施。因     

正确认识“绿色”建材

“绿色”已成为建材生产者、经营者、消费者关注的焦点。“绿色的概念其实是种误导,”天津市环境装饰协会秘书长王文焕教授说,“它是建材业近几年冒出来的新词儿,以前中国装修建材市场根本没有这个说法。把某种建材称为‘环保型材料’才是最准确的。”由于目前“绿色”的概念在我国已经深入人心,甚至成为百姓消费选择的重要标准,所以建材经营者直接把这个名词引进到建筑装修材料领域,加以炒作。这有失妥当。我国对“绿色建材”的评价和标准还没有出台,只有环保建材这一名称,才是现在唯一通用的对建材有害物质有科学检测依据的称呼。在建材市…     

什么是绿色食品？

绿色食品必须同时具备以下几个条件： 1．产品或产品原料地必须符合绿色食品生态环境质量标准： 2．农作物种植、畜禽饲养、水产养殖及食品加工必须符合绿色食品的生产操作规程： 3．产品必须符合绿色食品质量和卫生标准： 4．产品外包装必须符合国家食品标签通用标准，符合绿色食品特定的包装、装潢和标签规定。     

大港油田免烧砖技术研究与应用

为合规无害化处理钻井废物,避免和降低其对生态环境的影响,针对大港油田钻井废物产生现状,对废钻井液处理后的泥浆土进行了检测分析,污染物检测结果均在GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》第二类用地管制值或筛选值范围内。采用免烧砖技术进行实验数据对比,对原料配比、产品无害化等进行分析,介绍了免烧砖制备的7个主要工艺流程,实践应用效果分析表明,利用泥浆土压制成砖,具有较好的环保效果。     

船用电子通信产品的检测技术分析

船舶电子通信设备是船舶的重要设备,近年来我国的船舶电子通信产品越来越多。主要从产品分类、标准体系、检测规范这几个方面分析现有的船用电子通信产品的检测配套技术需求。     

成都施用磷肥中镭（^226Ra）含量调查及对农田环境影响评价

本文报道了成都磷肥及其原料矿石中外照射剂量水平；用国家标准规定的方法测定了磷肥及其矿石中＾２２６Ｒａ含量；调查了同一生产厂家不同批号磷肥中＾２２６Ｒａ含量变化情况；估算出施用磷肥后可能带来的放射性环境污染，并对磷肥中＾２２６Ｒａ可能导致的农田环境影响作了简要评价? ?     

第三代新型强力抗水白乳胶

本品为我所成功推出的低成本、高强度、耐低温第三代新型白乳胶。产品为白色细腻粘稠乳液，不含聚醋酸乙烯单体及钛白粉增白剂等填料，从而改变了传统工艺中用聚醋酸乙烯生产白乳胶的配方，成本仅为传统白乳胶的一半。本品粘接力强，干燥速度快，存放不分层、不沉淀、不凝胶，流动性能好，耐低温性能好，经国家级ＭＡ质量检测，其主要技术指标均达到国家一级标准，可广泛用于木材和纸制品加工、涂料生产、工艺品、建材、印染等行业。本品生产工艺难度小，易掌握，设备投资小，土法生产设备投资２０００元，规模化生产需反应釜等。技术转让费…     

新型环保节能建筑材料——泡沫玻璃

主要介绍了泡沫玻璃的概念、所用原料及生产,以及做为一种新型环保节能建筑材料的优良性能和使用技术,并分析了它的使用前景.     

浅谈建筑材料利用与环境保护

建筑材料在取材、生产加工、运输、使用和废弃的过程中,排放出大量废水、废气和废渣,对人类的健康造成威胁,产生有害物质,导致大气、水体和土壤污染.因此要开发与生产资源节约型和环保型建筑材料,制定健全的建材环保法规来保护环境.     

Material savings through structural steel reuse: A case study in Genoa

One of the most challenging issues in the field of sustainable design is that of limiting the environmental impact of structural systems, as they contribute significantly to raw material consumption, global carbon emissions and solid waste production. This paper addresses the approach of the reuse of steel structure without melting which allows for savings in steel mass and the reduction of waste amounts offering moreover an opportunity to avoid environmental burdens related to the recycling process. Recent studies have stressed the technical feasibility of this strategy, which appears particularly effective in those countries in which a building's life is rather short, such as in Japan and US, though its application encounters more difficulties in most European countries, owing to longer building use. Besides stressing the architectural and structural feasibility of the above-mentioned strategy, this research work aims to quantify the mass savings that are achievable in this manner by presenting a real case study set in Italy. It consists in a railway station, which has been designed keeping in mind the partial employment of structural elements recovered from an old industrial building that is no longer in use. To estimate the amount of steel saved, two different structural models for the designed building have been carried out and compared. In the first one, the structure has been designed on the assumption of the reusing of recovered structural elements; in the second one, the same structure has been designed considering the use of new elements only. The final result of the analysis shows that steel reuse allowed for savings of up to 30% of steel.     

利用粉煤灰制作新型建筑材料

粉煤灰不仅占用大量耕地,而且严重污染环境。针对东营地区粉煤灰的产生现状,积极开发粉煤灰的废物利用。通过对粉煤灰生产空心砌块的原料配比和生产工艺实施的调查,结果表明,利用粉煤灰生产新型建筑材料是减少占地和建材工业征地的有效途径,能变废为宝、化害为利,达到保护环境的目的。     

Concrete block production from construction and demolition waste in Tanzania

In Tanzania, construction and demolition (C&D) waste is not recycled and knowledge on how it can be recycled especially into valuable products like building materials are still limited. This study aimed at investigating the possibility of recycling the C&D waste (mainly cementitious rubble) into building material in Tanzania. The building materials produced from C&D waste was concrete blocks. The concrete blocks were required to have a load bearing capacity that meets the building material standards and specifications. Eight C&D waste samples were collected from C&D building sites, transported to the recycling site, crushed, and screened (sieved) to get the required recycled aggregates. Natural aggregates were also used as control. The recycled aggregates were tested in the laboratory following the standard methods as specified in Tanzanian standards. The physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics were determined. The physical and mechanical results showed that recycled aggregates were weaker than natural aggregates. However, chemically they were close to natural aggregates and therefore suitable for use in new concrete block production. In the production process, each experiment utilized 100% recycled aggregates for both fine and coarse portions to replace natural aggregates. The Fuller's maximum density theory was used to determine the mix proportions of materials in which a method that specifies concrete mix by system of proportion or ratio was used. The concrete blocks production processes included batching, mixing (that was done manually to get homogeneous material), compacting and moulding by hand machine and curing in water. After 28 days of curing, the concrete blocks were tested in the laboratory on compressive strength, water absorption ratio and density. The results showed that the blocks produced with 100% recycled aggregates were weaker than those with natural aggregates. However, the results also showed that there is a possibility of recycling the C&D waste into building material because 85% of the tested concrete block specimens from recycled aggregates achieved a compressive strength of 7 N/mm², which is defined as the minimum required load bearing capacity in Tanzania. Therefore, the C&D waste could be a potential resource for building material production for sustainable construction in Tanzania rather than discarding it. Further work should focus on the economic feasibility of production of concrete blocks with recycled aggregates in Tanzania.     

Development of Restoration of Raw Material Pits in Denmark

The restoration of raw material pits in Denmark has changed over the last 50 years due to economic development, excavation technology and planning policies and, to some extent, a changed attitude to the environment and nature. These developments are described and commented on.     

我国标准气体应用于涉VOCs重点行业监测管理中的不足及建议

随着我国对VOCs监测控制的持续推进,VOCs标准气体的配套应用及其管理思路也面临着新要求和挑战。本文通过梳理我国VOCs类标准气体对涉VOCs企业污染物监测和管理支撑的现状,指出了VOCs监测管理中对标准气体的应用要求尚待细化、已有VOCs标准气体应用不够充分、VOCs标准气体对排放标准实施的精准支撑作用不足等问题。在探究现状与问题的基础上,提出进一步细化VOCs排放监测对标准气体应用要求、加强企业自行监测中VOCs标准气体的应用指导、加强短缺标准气体的研制与应用的建议。     

震后某工号建渣及土壤样品中铀的分析测定

采用激光荧光法对"5.12"地震后某工号建筑垃圾和土壤样品进行了铀的测定。方法检出下限D.L≤3×10-11g/mL,相对标准偏差RSD为7.4%,回收率达到86%~109%。对实验数据进行了分析和初步评价,结果表明,该工号所测样品铀含量基本处于天然本底水平。     

乌鲁木齐地区建材行业大气污染防治对策分析

建材行业对环境的污染,最突出的是对大气的污染。加强环保意识、设计、环评、设施使用及监测控制是解决建材行业粉尘污染的有效措施。通过对具体例证的剖析,强调强化除尘设施使用管理的必要性。粉尘治理可以产生明显的环境、经济、社会效益。     

大庆地区土壤环境放射性本底及现状水平调查与评价

人工放射源在石油勘探、开采等方面得到广泛应用，放射性核素可通过多种途径污染土壤环境。大庆油田有13个单位应用放射性物质（非密封源或密封源）。为了对大庆油田地区的土壤放射性状况进行较全面的调查，因此对土壤放射性本底、现状水平及放射源周围土壤放射性强度进行了监测，采集样品200多个，总α的测定采用饱和厚度法，总β的测定采用有效厚度法，监测结果说明原油开采应用放射性物质对土壤环境未造成不良影响。