层次分析法在环境质量评价中的不足与改进

本文针对应用层次分析法进行环境质量评价中存在的不足作了必要的改进, 并应用于环境空气质量与土壤重金属污染的评价中。评价结果表明;改进层次分析比一般层次分析法更为合理。     

基于灰色GM(1,1)模型的鞍山市环境空气质量预测

于2016年1月至2021年12月对鞍山市环境空气质量进行为期6年的在线连续监测，获得了典型的鞍山空气质量变化特征。采用灰色预测方法，利用2016—2021年鞍山环境空气质量数据，建构空气质量预测GM(1,1)模型，经相关检验修正符合要求后，建模结果显示模型精度高，可以满足对于鞍山市“十四五”空气质量预测要求。预测结果显示，在目前大气环境污染攻坚的管理要求下，未来五年鞍山市空气质量整体趋好，其中达标天数比例上升，综合指数下降，重点污染物PM_2.5年评价浓度下降，O₃浓度上升，可能在2026年与《环境空气质量标准》中环境空气污染物基本项目浓度限值二级标准持平，需要采取更有针对性的举措应对O3污染。     

新疆绿洲生态农业综合效益研究

基于可持续发展理论探讨了生态农业的内涵,从经济效益、生态效益和社会效益3方面入手,构造新疆绿洲生态农业综合效益的评价指标体系,运用灰色层次分析方法对新疆绿洲生态农业进行综合效益评价。     

修订《环境空气质量标准》对四川省城市环境空气质量评价结果的影响

根据"十一五"期间和2011年四川省省控城市环境空气质量监测数据,在比较新、旧环境空气质量标准不同的基础上,本文分析了修订后的《环境空气质量标准》对四川省城市环境空气质量评价结果的影响。     

西宁市环境空气质量评价新旧标准比较研究

根据2012年西宁市环境空气质量监测数据,在新、旧环境空气质量标准不同的基础上,文章分析了修订后的《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)对西宁市环境空气质量评价结果的影响。     

基于灰色预测法的空气污染来源及控制对策分析

以2005年~2012年三明市公布的环境空气质量指数为基础,用2005年~2010年的环境空气质量指数数据以改进的灰色预测方法来构建模型。通过对预测值与实际值出现较大差异的地方进行比较和分析,表明大型城建项目、机动车辆爆炸性增长对三明市区的环境空气质量有较大影响。因此针对相应的污染机制和源头提出整治措施,为三明市下一步的环境治理规划的制定提供指导和依据。     

基于AHP对生态脆弱性的灰色综合评价方法——以湖南省临湘市为例

为了对临湘市的实际生态脆弱性程度做出客观正确的评价,以便对该地区的社会经济持续发展提出科学依据,选取评价指标,构建指标体系并通过层次分析法确定各指标的权重;通过基于三角白化权函数的灰色评价法对各层次指标进行评价和分析并得到综合评价结果。     

沈阳市铁西区环境空气质量变化与分析

以沈阳市铁西区为研究区域,以环境空气污染物浓度为研究对象,对2012年沈阳市铁西区环境空气质量进行评价,并与2011年环境空气质量进行了对比分析,在此基础上研究了采暖期与非采暖期、不同季节不同月份间环境空气质量的变化规律。结果表明,2012年铁西区环境空气中SO_2,NO_2年均值浓度较2011年分别上升32.2%,18.4%,PM_(10)浓度同比下降18.3%;铁西区环境空气污染物浓度变化有明显季节性,且非采暖期空气质量优于采暖期。     

基于秩相关系数法的环境空气质量情况及变化趋势研究

文章根据《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)对河南省光山县环境空气质量进行评价,利用秩相关系数法与EXCEL图表法,分析了光山县环境空气PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2的浓度随着时间的变化而呈现的变化趋势。研究结果表明,河南省光山县环境空气质量整体较好,环境空气中PM_(10)浓度在2011~2015年中呈现上升趋势;SO_2以及NO_2的浓度整体趋于平稳状态。     

要闻

温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议同意发布新修订的《环境空气质量标准》国务院总理温家宝2月29日主持召开国务院常务会议,同意发布新修订的《环境空气质量标准》,部署加强大气污染综合防治重点工作。为使环境空气质量评价结果更加符合实际状况,更加接近人民群众切身感受,会议同意发布新修订的《环境空气质量标准》。     

大气环境质量评价的加权灰色关联分析法

灰色关联分析法是近年来环境质量评价中应用较多的一种方法,可较真实地反映环境质量评价中污染程度的灰色性。在传统灰色关联分析法的基础之上,从关联系数计算、权重确定等方面对其进行了改进,提出了加权灰色关联分析法,并用于大气环境质量评价中。     

Assessment and prediction of overall environmental quality of Zhuzhou City,Hunan Province,China

Fuzzy comprehensive assessment was applied to assess the quality of air, water and soil in Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, China based on the monitoring data of 1997 and National Environmental Quality Standards of China. Results show that Zhuzhou air quality belonged to Class II with industry and traffic as the main control areas and SO2 as the major pollutant. Water quality within the Zhuzhou section of the Xiang River belonged to Class IV, with the Xiawan section as the main control area and NH3-N as the major pollutant. Soil environmental quality with respect to heavy metal pollution belonged to Class III, with Cd as the major pollutant. For those pollutants showing significant differences between the years of 1990-1997, predictions were made for the environmental quality for the period 1998-2003. According to the assessment results, cleaner production in the key pollution sources and the establishment of a municipal sewage treatment plant are proposed to improve the environmental quality of Zhuzhou City.     

Local and regional air quality impacts of airport operations

Summary This paper discusses the air quality impacts of airport operations. It considers a range of pollutants and identifies emission sources both within and surrounding airports as being important in contributing to the air quality experienced at an airport. These sources include aircraft operations, landside traffic, airside traffic and fuel-handling operations. The paper considers air quality impacts over the last 30 years and draws examples from a variety of European airports. The paper concludes with a forecast of likely changes in emission sources and strengths at airports over the next 15 years.Drs James Longhurst, Beth Conlan and David Raper are air quality scientists specializing in the study of airport impacts upon air quality. They are based in the Atmospheric Research and Information Centre of Manchester Metropolitan University.First submitted June 1994.     

灰色综合评判法与大气环境质量评价

依据灰色理论中白化函数的构造原则和聚类原理，提出了灰色综合评判法，并以大气环境质量评价为例作了说明。该法以等斜率方式构造白化函数，拓展了白化函数中污染物浓度的取值范围，有较高的信息利用率。评价结果能同时给出各评价对象所属的污染级别和各评价对象之间环境质量的优劣，具有较强的实用性。     

A qualitative tool combining an interaction matrix and a GIS to map vulnerability to traffic induced air pollution

Local authorities and transport planners need fast and straightforward tools to perform their preliminary air quality assessments. Such tools are required to provide an initial impression of the local air quality and to highlight areas requiring a more rigorous investigation. This paper presents a technique to develop such a tool, for performing an initial assessment of air quality due to traffic in an urban area. The technique combines an interaction matrix methodology as developed for rock engineering systems, with Geographical Information System (GIS) map overlaying. This interaction matrix methodology incorporates a total system approach, which identifies the main parameters and quantifies the interactions between them. Weighting values for these parameters are obtained either through parametric studies, using numerical modelling, or from engineering judgement. These weightings are applied to spatial datasets for a study area using a GIS. The GIS results are presented in the form of a vulnerability map, which highlights the areas susceptible to poor air quality. This visual interpretation of the results is ideal for local authorities, who have to report to a wide range of non-specialists in the field, for example, planners, councillors and the public. The vulnerability map compares favourably with pollutant concentration patterns, obtained from an advanced dispersion model.     

城市总体规划环评指标体系的建立及其应用

本研究首先介绍了DPSIR模型构建的原理,接着以合肥市为对象,从驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应5个方面来构建的共36个指标,并采用层次分析法对指标权重的确定和多级灰色关联分析对指标进行综合评价,得出评价结果。合肥市在2004~2005年处于较低可持续发展水平(0.3398、0.3876)、在2010年处于中等可持续发展水平(0.5369)、在2015年处于较高可持续发展水平(0.6016)、在2020年处于较高可持续发展水平(0.7847),该预测评价结果与合肥市城市可持续发展趋势相符。最后采用改进熵值法验证多级灰色关联综合分析结论,计算得出的结果表明,该两种方法评价结论基本相同。因此,本研究对城市总体规划环境影响评价的评价方法的建立与完善,有着较强的实践意义和参考价值。     

灰色聚类分析在环境质量评价中的应用

环境是一个“灰色系统”，可以将灰色聚类分析应用到大气环境评价中。灰色聚类可按６个步骤进行：①给出聚类白化值；②确定灰类的白化函数；③求标定聚类权；④求聚类系数；⑤构造聚类行向量；⑥聚类。将灰色聚类分析方法应用于某油田８个主要矿区的ＳＯ２、ＴＳＰ和ＮＯｘ污染物，得出它们的大气环境质量的相应等级。     

基于GM（1,1）模型的秦皇岛市大气污染物SO2预测

根据2004—2009年大气中SO2污染物的监测数据,通过灰色GM(1,1)模型预测了未来6年秦皇岛市大气中SO2的变化趋势。结果显示,灰色系统GM(1,1)模型合理,精度较高,相对误差为-1.875%～1.228%,与环保部门公布的数据吻合程度较好。     

Trade transport and environment linkages at the U.S.–Mexico border: Which policies matter?

We apply a fixed-effects model to examine the impact of trade and environmental policies on air quality at ports along the U.S.-Mexico border. We control for other factors influencing air quality, such as air quality of cities near the border, volume of traffic flows and congestion. Results show the air quality improved after 2004, when the diesel engine policy was applied. We see mixed results for the trade policy, whose implementation time varies across ports along the international border. Controlling for air quality in cities near the border is essential for assessing the policy contributions to air quality.