湘西民族地区农村剩余劳动力转移问题探讨——以湘西龙山县劳动力转移情况为例

对中西方关于农村剩余劳动力转移理论进行了比较，在介绍Lee E S“推拉”模型的基础之上，结合湘西龙山县的具体情况分析了民族地区农村剩余劳动力转移的动因和湘西农村剩余劳动力转移存在的问题，提出了解决的对策，并将“推拉理论”运用到我国民族地区农村剩余劳动力转移的实证分析上。     

市场经济下我国农村剩余劳动力的转移与开发

市场经济的高速发展使我国农村发生了重大变革,农村剩余劳动力问题成为社会关注的一个重要课题。本文通过对农村劳动力的基本状况和转移特征的论述,客观地分析了剩余劳动力转移的阶段性,提出了劳动力转移开发的几种模式,并就这一问题提出了建议     

合理有效地实现农村剩余劳动力就地转移──以桂东县为例

农村剩余劳动力是社会人口学中与农村经济发展关系较为密切的一个重要因素,农村剩余劳动力的走向直接关系到本地区的经济发展趋势,因此研究和探讨农村剩余劳动力的走向对探索本地区经济发展战略具有重要作用。实现农村剩余劳动力转移包括就地转移、异地开发和迁移转移3种模式[1],其中就地转移模式对地方经济发展具有积极促进作用,其转移速度可以标示本地经济发展的快慢．本文以湖南省桂东县为例,就贫困地区如何实现农村剩余劳动力就地转移作了较深入的探讨。1桂东县农村剩余劳动力现状据统计,1994年桂东县总人口为16．8万人,其中农业…     

海南特区农村剩余劳动力资源的开发与利用

本文论述了海南特区农村剩余劳动力资源的现状及其影响劳动力资源开发利用的主要因素，提出了海南特区农村剩余劳动力资源开发与利用的途径。     

异地开发是农村剩余劳动力转移的重要模式

本文阐述了异地开发在农业方面的4点作用和农村剩余劳动力转移的3种基本模式。结合我国国情，指出异地开发是当前我国农村剩余劳动力转移的重要模式，它具有投入小、见效快、收益大的特点。建议政府组织开展有关实施异地开发的政策和措施等问题的研究，把异地开发工作引向深入。     

莫让污水处理成为美好乡村建设绊脚石

正按照"生态宜居村庄美,兴业富民生活美,文明和谐乡风美"总体目标要求,安徽省美好乡村建设步伐逐步加快,农村小型污水处理设施遍地开花。随之而来暴露出污水管网建设滞后、雨污不分流、维护人员和资金困难等问题,亟需解决。探访2016年5月,记者来到六安市裕安区江家店镇的永裕庄园。汽车沿着一条宽阔的水泥路直接开进了庄里,在庄园门口,一个拥有篮球场和健身器械的健身广场很是气派。     

农村环境保护的“四位一体”管理模式

农村环境保护是建设社会主义新农村的重要组成部分,加强农村环境管理是做好农村环境保护的关键。针对我国农村环境问题日趋严峻的状况,本文采用文献资料对比分析以及管理学等方法,论述了农村环境的现状,分析了农村环境问题产生的4个主要原因,提出了加强农村环境保护的政府、企业、社会、农村"四位一体"的管理模式,阐明了"四位一体"管理模式的主要内容,阐述了"四位一体"管理模式对于加强农村环境管理、解决农村环境问题、保护农村环境的重要作用。     

六安市红色旅游业的SWOT分析

红色旅游是由有组织的爱国主义教育和革命传统教育活动孕育而成，并在近年迅速发展起来的一种特殊的旅游产品类型。运用SWOT分析方法，对六安市发展红色旅游的优势和劣势、机会和威胁进行了分析。结果显示，六安市红色旅游业具有明显的资源和区位优势，面临有利的发展机遇，但是经济基础薄弱，周边地区旅游业的激烈竞争以及与国际旅游业的巨大差距，是六安市红色旅游面对的主要问题，为此提出六安市红色旅游业发展的相应思路。     

谈乡镇企业经济发展与环境污染控制

党的十一届三中全会以来,随着农村经济体制改革的深入,乡镇企业得到了蓬勃发展。现在我国已有1500多万个乡镇企业,吸收了农村20％的剩余劳动力,非农产业第一     

农村环境污染不容忽视

城乡改革的深入,使乡镇企业蓬勃发展。这不仅对安置农村剩余劳动力,活跃农村市场、促进农村经济和农业生产的发展、提高农民生活水平有着重大作用,而且对建立新型城乡关系,建设农村两个文明,也有着深     

Land management in rural Burkina Faso: the role of socio‐cultural and institutional factors

Farmers in the Sahel have been acknowledged for reclaiming degraded lands and improving food security by ingeniously modifying traditional agroforestry, water, and soil management practices. Despite the advantages offered by this range of farming techniques, their adoption rate is influenced by several factors. Using multivariate probit models and a correlation coefficient, this article examines the factors influencing the adoption of five land management practices based on 220 household and 40 farm surveys in four adjacent rural communities in southern Burkina Faso. The model results indicate that household labor force, education of household head, land tenure security, livestock holding, and membership in farmers’ groups influence the adoption of zaï practice, composting, improved fallow, stone bunds, and live hedges. However, two of the surveyed factors ‐ number of farms and visit by agricultural extension staff during the 12 months prior to the survey ‐ were not significant. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between different land management practices, e.g., the decision to practice zaï is significantly linked to that of live hedges and composting. Zaï practice and stone bunds are considered labor intensive, which explains their significant correlations with household labor force at the 1% and 5% levels of significance, respectively.     

Poverty and biodiversity in rural areas based on two investigations in Pujiang County,China

This study presents an integrated framework for the analysis of options of agricultural development and natural resource management at the ecosystem level. Pujiang County in Zhejiang Province, China, is used as a case-study area. The IMGLP model is applied to maximize regional agricultural economic surplus and labor market conditions in Pujiang. The consequences of four poverty reduction strategies (intensification of production, diversification toward livestock production, land expansion, and exit from agriculture) are determined for a set of regional poverty and biodiversity indicators. Diversification seems to be the most promising poverty reduction strategy, but requires an efficient use of animal manure in cropping systems to avoid environmental problems. Improved nutrient management in cropping systems is effective in reducing the regional nitrogen surplus, but less effective in increasing per capita income. The exit strategy is beneficial for reducing poverty and achieving biodiversity, but may have important social consequences that are not addressed in this study. Further reduction of rural poverty is hampered by labor constraints during the harvesting period for high-value crops such as vegetables and fruits. These constraints can be overcome by intensive research and development in the field of agricultural mechanization.     

干旱河谷地区农业产业结构的调整对环境及经济的影响分析--以汉源地区为例

中国农业产业结构的调整，是中国改革开放、市场化发展的集中体现。本文以汉源地区为例，总结分析了典型的干旱河谷地带农业产业结构的调整情况，不仅促进了当地农村发展方式的根本转变、改善了农村经济、提高了农民收入，同时还解决了当地剩余劳动力的就地消化问题。本文指出了农业产业结构的调整可能对当地生态环境造成的影响，其中诸如不舍理用药用肥造成的水污染、土壤和农产品的硝酸盐污染以及土壤退化、大气污染等环境问题。需要在实践中更加审慎地调整农业产业结构。     

重庆市中小型企业实现规模经济的举措

中小型企业要在激烈的市场竞争中占据主动并获取良好的经济效益,实现规模经济是较佳的选择,其途径是内在规模和外在规模同时并举.基于此,通过对重庆市中小型企业的现状特点分析,认为实现规模经济不但能增强企业的市场竞争力,而且还能为重庆市创造更多的就业机会,并在转移农村剩余劳动力、推动城镇化建设等方面具有重要的现实意义.     

搞好生态建设,转移农村剩余劳动力

大量闲置劳动力会造成巨大生态压力,加剧生态退化,但只要转移消化得当,便能化为强大的力量和优势。本文从区域→行业→企业→家庭→生态建设联合体五个层次和角度,对各种有效的和有可能的转移消化闲置劳动力生态建设途径进行了探索。     

上海郊区小型沼气发展的前景与方向

文章介绍了上海郊区沼气开发利用的发展历程和现状，分析了上海沼气发展萎缩的原因，指出上海在节能减排的大形势、寻找合理的农村生活垃圾处理出路和解决小型禽畜养殖场的环境问题等压力下，对郊区的沼气发展产生了新的需求。而以小型养殖场为中心、吸纳农村有机生活垃圾的小型沼气系统则是上海郊区未来沼气发展的方向，也是新农村环境整治的可行途径。     

欠发达城市人居环境评价体系构建及应用

在参阅国内城市人居环境评价指标体系研究的基础上，选择安徽省六安市为样区，提出了欠发达城市人居环境评价的原则、指标构成以及评价模式和方法。其中，指标体系共分为目标层、准则层、分类层和指标层4个层次，从居住建设、生态环境和社会经济三大系统构建了39个单项指标，依据六安市2005年的调查统计资料，对其人居环境的建设水平和满意度两方面进行了对比评价，验证结果科学可行，可为同类地区人居环境质量评价提供参考。     

Agricultural Development and Associated Environmental and Ethical Issues in South Asia

South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, where despite a slow growth, agriculture remains the backbone of rural economy as it employs one half to over 90 percent of the labor force. Both extensive and intensive policy measures for agriculture development to feed the massive population of the region have resulted in land degradation and desertification, water scarcity, pollution from agrochemicals, and loss of agricultural biodiversity. The social and ethical aspects portray even a grimmer picture of the region with growing poverty mainly, amongst small farmers, food scarcity, and overall poor quality of life. This article reviews the historical perspective of agriculture development in the region and gives a panoramic view of the policy initiatives and their environmental as well as social and ethical spin-offs. The aim is to explore the environmental and ethical dimensions of the agricultural development in South Asia and recommend a holistic approach in formulating plans and programs to combat environmental degradation, hunger, and poverty resulting from unsustainable agricultural practices.