发展适合中国国情的城市污水处理技术

目前我国城市污水处理厂普遍采用的工艺有普通活性污泥法、氧化沟法、ＳＢＲ（间歇式活性污泥法、Ａ—Ｂ法）等。这些都是成熟而有效的污水处理工艺,被全世界广泛采用。而用于我国,吨水造价在１５００～２０００元之间,运行费用在０８～１４元／吨之间。据此测算,...     

污水处理厂Carrousel氧化沟工艺研究

新会龙泉污水处理厂二期工程采用carrousel氧化沟工艺，经过一年的调试与运行，出水水质达到设计要求，部分指标优于设计标准。由于在Carrousel氧化沟工艺前端增设了厌氧池，有效地提高了Carrousel氧化沟工艺的脱氮除磷效果。     

倒伞型复合叶轮曝气机

由江苏新天地环保工程装备技术有限公司开发的倒伞型复合叶轮曝气机,适用于城市污水处理厂氧化沟工程、工业废水处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理根据流体特性和能量相互转换的原理,利用叶轮机     

枣庄市城镇污水处理技术现状及对策

枣庄市污水处理厂正在加快建设步伐，一些新技术、新工艺得到了广泛应用，包括：氧化沟技术、AB生物处理技术、ICEAS工艺技术、OCO工艺技术和A／O技术。同时，也存在运行机制不顺、建设滞后、部分工业企业污水不能达标排放、运行费用偏高、运行费用严重不足等问题。因此，应采取一系列措施，如：对污水处理厂进行企业化改制，强化城市污水回用技术方面的研究，针对不同地区工业废水特点进行工艺优选，加大污水排污费征收等。     

招标信息

一、新建3万吨污水处理厂（采用氧化沟工艺） 项目性质：新建 项目进展阶段：施工准备 项目开工时间：2010年     

城市污水处理厂中的能耗及能源综合利用

从城市污水处理厂工艺处理流程的角度探讨了城市污水处理厂的能耗,指出污水处理厂运行的主要耗能设备,并在此基础上对污水处理厂的节能从设计、运行进行了阐述,提出了节能措施;对污泥所含能量的回收与综合利用做了初步探讨,该研究对城市污水处理厂的设计、运行具有重要的指导意义和工程应用价值,具有较高的经济效益和环境效益。     

氧化沟工艺处理城市污水的优化设计

文章主要介绍了氧化沟工艺的优化设计，对改良型卡罗塞尔（Carrousel）氧化沟的池型、工艺参数、核心设备进行了选型优化，并结合实例对改良型氧化沟技术的应用进行了较为全面的论述。     

流化填料在城市污水厂污泥减量中的试验

采用投加流化填料的方法对传统的城市污水处理厂工艺进行改造，可降低剩余污泥的产量，减少污水处理厂在污泥处理上的费用，并且在改造中不需要土建投资，不需要停水停产。本试验对老城市污水处理厂的挖潜、节能、升级改造具有实际意义。     

城镇污水处理厂全过程除臭技术

由天津凯英科技发展有限公司开发的城镇污水处理厂全过程除臭技术，适用于活性污泥法及其变型工艺，包括A/O、A2/O、多段多级A/O工艺、氧化沟、SBR等多种处理工艺。     

城镇污水处理厂全过程除臭技术

由天津凯英科技发展有限公司开发的城镇污水处理厂全过程除臭技术,适用于活性污泥法及其变型工艺,包括A/O、A2/O、多段多级A/O工艺、氧化沟、SBR等多种处理工艺。主要技术内容 一、基本原理 通过特制填料的接种、诱导和催化作用,利用特制的微生物培养箱,在污水处理厂生物池的活性污泥中培养并增殖出高效的除臭微生物,将含有除臭微生物的污泥回流至污水处理厂进水端。     

Optimization of wastewater treatment alternative selection by hierarchy grey relational analysis

This paper describes an innovative systematic approach, namely hierarchy grey relational analysis for optimal selection of wastewater treatment alternatives, based on the application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA). It can be applied for complicated multicriteria decision-making to obtain scientific and reasonable results. The effectiveness of this approach was verified through a real case study. Four wastewater treatment alternatives (A(2)/O, triple oxidation ditch, anaerobic single oxidation ditch and SBR) were evaluated and compared against multiple economic, technical and administrative performance criteria, including capital cost, operation and maintenance (O and M) cost, land area, removal of nitrogenous and phosphorous pollutants, sludge disposal effect, stability of plant operation, maturity of technology and professional skills required for O and M. The result illustrated that the anaerobic single oxidation ditch was the optimal scheme and would obtain the maximum general benefits for the wastewater treatment plant to be constructed.     

用常规活性污泥法及一体化氧化沟新工艺处理生活污水的效果分析

对常规活性污泥法和一体化氧化沟工艺在中原油田基地污水厂的应用效果进行了对比分析。月度抽查对比监测发现,两种生物处理法对有机物均有较好的去除效果。一体化氧化沟工艺是一种新型的生活污水处理技术,它对SS、NH3-N的去除效果优于常规法。连续三天的日均值监测结果表明,新工艺对各种污染物的去除效果达到91%以上。这种工艺集通氧、沉淀、废渣分离和回收为一体,占地面积小,操作简单,在中原油田污水站取得了较好的应用效果。     

酿造废水处理的优化工艺组合

酿造废水属于高浓度有机废水，要将其处理达到排放标准，必须经过多种处理工艺的组合才能办到。通过物化处理、生化处理的实验室研究，我们得出了资源化和净化相结合的优化工艺组合，使酿酒废水的排放达到规定的排放标准，且运行费用和收益基本持平，解决了环保工程与经济效益间的矛盾。     

Evaluating Geomorphic Change in Constructed Two‐Stage Ditches

Straight, trapezoidal‐shaped surface drainage channels efficiently drain the soil profile, but their deviations from natural fluvial conditions drive the need for frequent maintenance. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of drainage ditch maintenance activities can be significant, leading to harmful algal blooms and increased sedimentation. We developed a two‐stage ditch design that is more consistent with fluvial form and process. The approach has potential to enhance ecological services while meeting drainage needs essential for agricultural production. We studied geomorphic change of the inset channel, benches and banks of seven two‐stage ditches in Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. Three to 10 years after construction, inset channel changes reflected natural adjustments, but not all ditches had reached their quasi‐equilibrium state. Ditches had experienced both degradation and aggradation on the benches at a rate of 0.5‐13 mm/yr. Aggradation on the benches was not likely to threaten tile drain outlets. Localized scour was observed on the banks at some sites, but at all but one site changes were not statistically significant. Except for the removal of woody vegetation, none of the ditches required routine maintenance since construction. Two‐stage ditches can be a stable, viable option for drainage ditch management if designed and installed properly on the landscape.     

Surface Water Seepage Effects on Shallow Ground‐Water Quality Along the Rio Grande in Northern New Mexico1

Abstract: Interactions between surface irrigation water, shallow ground water, and river water may have effects on water quality that are important for both drinking water supplies and the ecological function of rivers and floodplains. We investigated water quality in surface water and ground water, and how water quality is influenced by surface water inputs from an unlined irrigation system in the Alcalde Valley of the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico. From August 2005 to July 2006, we sampled ground water and surface water monthly and analyzed for concentrations of major cations and anions, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water levels. Results indicate that irrigation ditch seepage caused an increase in ground water levels and that the Rio Grande is a gaining stream in this region. Temporal and spatial differences were found in ion concentrations in shallow ground water as it flowed from under the ditch toward the river. Ground‐water ion concentrations were higher when the ditch was not flowing compared with periods during peak irrigation season when the ditch was flowing. Ditch inputs diluted ion concentrations in shallow ground water at well positions near the ditch. Specifically, lower ion concentrations were detected in ground water at well positions located near the ditch and river compared with well positions located in the middle of an agricultural field. Results from this project showed that ditch inputs influenced ion concentrations and were associated with ground‐water recharge. In arid region river valleys, careful consideration should be given to management scenarios that change seepage from irrigation systems, because in some situations reduced seepage could negatively affect ground‐water recharge and water quality.     

Using flue gas desulfurization gypsum to remove dissolved phosphorus from agricultural drainage waters

High levels of accumulated phosphorus (P) in soils of the Delmarva Peninsula are a major source of dissolved P entering drainage ditches that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. The objective of this study was to design, construct, and monitor a within-ditch filter to remove dissolved P, thereby protecting receiving waters against P losses from upstream areas. In April 2007, 110 Mg of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a low-cost coal combustion product, was used as the reactive ingredient in a ditch filter. The ditch filter was monitored from 2007 to 2010, during which time 29 storm-induced flow events were characterized. For storm-induced flow, the event mean concentration efficiency for total dissolved P (TDP) removal for water passing through the gypsum bed was 73 ± 27% confidence interval (α = 0.05). The removal efficiency for storm-induced flow by the summation of load method was 65 ± 27% confidence interval (α = 0.05). Although chemically effective, the maximum observed hydraulic conductivity of FGD gypsum was 4 L s(-1), but it decreased over time to <1 L s(-1). When bypass flow and base flow were taken into consideration, the ditch filter removed approximately 22% of the TDP load over the 3.6-yr monitoring period. Due to maintenance and clean-out requirements, we conclude that ditch filtration using FGD gypsum is not practical at a farm scale. However, we propose an alternate design consisting of FGD gypsum-filled trenches parallel to the ditch to intercept and treat groundwater before it enters the ditch.     

Impact of Dredging on Phosphorus Transport in Agricultural Drainage Ditches of the Atlantic Coastal Plain1

Abstract: Drainage ditches can be a key conduit of phosphorus (P) between agricultural soils of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and local surface waters, including the Chesapeake Bay. This study sought to quantify the effect of a common ditch management practice, sediment dredging, on fate of P in drainage ditches. Sediments from two drainage ditches that had been monitored for seven years and had similar characteristics (flow, P loadings, sediment properties) were sampled (0‐5 cm) after one of the ditches had been dredged, which removed fine textured sediments (clay = 41%) with high organic matter content (85 g/kg) and exposed coarse textured sediments (clay = 15%) with low organic matter content (2.2 g/kg). Sediments were subjected to a three‐phase experiment (equilibrium, uptake, and release) in recirculating 10‐m‐long, 0.2‐m‐wide, and 5‐cm‐deep flumes to evaluate their role as sources and sinks of P. Under conditions of low initial P concentrations in flume water, sediments from the dredged ditch released 13 times less P to the water than did sediments from the ditch that had not been dredged, equivalent to 24 mg dissolved P. However, the sediments from the dredged ditch removed 19% less P (76 mg) from the flume water when it was spiked with dissolved P to approximate long‐term runoff concentrations. Irradiation of sediments to destroy microorganisms revealed that biological processes accounted for up to 30% of P uptake in the coarse textured sediments of the dredged ditch and 18% in the fine textured sediments of the undredged ditch. Results indicate that dredging of coastal plain drainage ditches can potentially impact the P buffering capacity of ditches draining agricultural soils with a high potential for P runoff.     

Vertical distribution of phosphorus in agricultural drainage ditch soils

Pedological processes such as gleization and organic matter accumulation may affect the vertical distribution of P within agricultural drainage ditch soils. The objective of this study was to assess the vertical distribution of P as a function of horizonation in ditch soils at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore Research Farm in Princess Anne, Maryland. Twenty-one profiles were sampled from 10 agricultural ditches ranging in length from 225 to 550 m. Horizon samples were analyzed for total P; water-extractable P; Mehlich-3 P; acid ammonium oxalate-extractable P, Fe, and Al (P ox, Fe ox, Al ox); pH; and organic C (n = 126). Total P ranged from 27 to 4882 mg kg(-1), P ox from 4 to 4631 mg kg(-1), Mehlich-3 P from 2 to 401 mg kg(-1), and water-extractable P from 0 to 17 mg kg(-1). Soil-forming processes that result in differences between horizons had a strong relationship with various P fractions and P sorption capacity. Fibric organic horizons at the ditch soil surface had the greatest mean P ox, Fe ox, and Al ox concentrations of any horizon class. Gleyed A horizons had a mean Fe ox concentrations 2.6 times lower than dark A horizons and were significantly lower in total P and P ox. Variation in P due to organic matter accumulation and gleization provide critical insight into short- and long-term dynamics of P in ditch soils and should be accounted for when applying ditch management practices.     

乌鲁木齐和平渠治理中人工湿地的应用探讨

和平渠是乌鲁木齐河流经乌鲁木齐市区的人工渠道，存在着严重的安全问题和水污染问题。在已经提出的各种治理方案中，对这两个问题的解决，常常存在着尖锐的矛盾。探讨人工湿地系统在和平渠治理中的具体应用，以期达到既能消除安全隐患又能改善水环境的生态效应。